Tracing the Path from Personality — via Cooperativeness — to Conservation

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin E. Hilbig ◽  
Ingo Zettler ◽  
Morten Moshagen ◽  
Timo Heydasch
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Moral Virtue ◽  
Social Dilemma ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Social Orientation ◽  
Personality Factor ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Social Value Orientations ◽  
Ecological Behaviour

Ecological behaviour is often conceptualized as an instance of cooperating in a social dilemma situation. Thus, it has been argued to relate to dispositional tendencies of moral virtue and pro–social orientation. To embed such notions in models of basic personality, we herein predicted that the recently proposed sixth basic personality factor, Honesty–Humility — which specifically pertains to individual differences in cooperativeness — is linked to environmental attitudes and ecological behaviour. Results from two studies ( N = 137 and N = 531, respectively) supported these hypotheses and showed that Honesty–Humility explains incremental variance beyond the remaining, more classical five factors of personality. In addition, mediation analyses revealed that Honesty–Humility exerts part of its influence via individual differences in pro–social value orientations. Individual tendencies to cooperate in social dilemma situations could thus be shown to form a bridge between basic personality dimensions and ecological behaviour. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Where There Is a (Collective) Will, There Are (Effective) Ways

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 1678-1692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma F. Thomas ◽  
Craig McGarty ◽  
Gerhard Reese ◽  
Mariette Berndsen ◽  
Ana-Maria Bliuc
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Social Orientation ◽  
Group Consciousness ◽  
Collective Actions ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Humanitarian Action ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Group Memberships ◽  
Subsequent Identification

The 21st century has borne witness to catastrophic natural and human-induced tragedies. These disasters necessitate humanitarian responses; however, the individual and collective bases of support are not well understood. Drawing on Duncan’s motivational model of collective action, we focus on how individual differences position a person to adopt group memberships and develop a “group consciousness” that provides the basis for humanitarian action. Longitudinal mediation analyses involving supporters of international humanitarian action ( N = 384) sampled annually for 3 years provided support for the hypothesized model, with some twists. The results revealed that within time point, a set of individual differences (together, the “pro-social orientation”) promoted a humanitarian group consciousness that, in turn, facilitated collective action. However, longitudinally, there was evidence that a more general pro-social orientation undermined subsequent identification with, and engagement in, the humanitarian cause. Results are discussed in terms of understanding the interplay between individual and group in collective actions.

Exploration of Individual Differences in Preferences for Humor

1974 ◽  
Vol 34 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1031-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger L. Terry ◽  
Sarah L. Ertel
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Factor ◽  
General Intelligence ◽  
Factor Scores ◽  
Male College ◽  
Male College Students

Liking scores for hostile, sexual, and nontendentious cartoons were correlated with personality factor scores of 20 female and 19 male college students. Sexual cartoons were liked more by males, especially by those tending to be tough or group-dependent, than by females, especially by those with higher general intelligence. Nonsense cartoons were liked more by females, especially by those with lower general intelligence.

Gesellschaftliche Wertorientierungen und politisches Verhalten / Social value orientations and political behavior

1974 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz Urban Pappi ◽  
Edward O. Laumann
Keyword(s):  
Voting Behavior ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Canonical Correlations ◽  
Scaling Procedure ◽  
Social Structural ◽  
Social Value Orientations ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

AbstractSocial value orientations are introduced as a central set of variables for theories of voting behavior. Voting behavior is used as an example for a class of models which can demonstrate the linkage between social structure and individual behavior. Social value orientations are analytically defined and examined in relationship with related and complementary concepts like interests. Theoretically based on the AGIL paradigm, a comprehensive sample of indicators of social values is drawn from appropriate attitude scales. The structure of value orientations is empirically delineated by a multidimensional scaling procedure using the correlations between the indicators as input. Knowing this structure it is possible to construct a parsimonious set of eight scales of value orientations. Canonical correlations and discriminant analysis are the procedures used to relate this set with social structural antecedents and political attitudes and behavior as presumed consequences. The empirical analysis is based on data from the Jülich community study.

Infant Effortful Control Mediates Relations Between Nondirective Parenting and Internalising-Related Child Behaviours in an Autism-Enriched Infant Cohort

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. Smith ◽  
E. J. H. Jones ◽  
S. V. Wass ◽  
G. Pasco ◽  
M. H. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Early Intervention ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Effortful Control ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Behavioural Inhibition ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Internalising Problems

AbstractInternalising problems are common within Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD); early intervention to support those with emerging signs may be warranted. One promising signal lies in how individual differences in temperament are shaped by parenting. Our longitudinal study of infants with and without an older sibling with ASD investigated how parenting associates with infant behavioural inhibition (8–14 months) and later effortful control (24 months) in relation to 3-year internalising symptoms. Mediation analyses suggest nondirective parenting (8 months) was related to fewer internalising problems through an increase in effortful control. Parenting did not moderate the stable predictive relation of behavioural inhibition on later internalising. We discuss the potential for parenting to strengthen protective factors against internalising in infants from an ASD-enriched cohort.

scholarly journals Social identity and social value orientations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozan Aksoy
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Ingroup Bias ◽  
Social Value Orientation ◽  
Orientation Model ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Value Orientations

This study provides an extension of the social value orientation model and a tool, other-other Decomposed Games, to quantify the influence of social identity on social value orientations. Social identity is induced experimentally using the minimal group paradigm. Subsequently, the weights subjects add to the outcomes of outgroup others relative to ingroup others and to the absolute difference between the outcomes of ingroup and outgroup others are estimated. Results are compared to a control condition in which social identity is not induced. Results show that when the outgroup is better off than the ingroup, the average subject is spiteful: they derive negative utility from the outcomes of the outgroup other. When the ougroup is worse off than the ingroup, the average subject attaches similar weights to the outcomes of outgroup and ingroup others. There is also significant variation across subjects with respect to the level of ingroup bias.

scholarly journals ЕКОНОМІКА ЗНАНЬ: СОЦІАЛЬНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНІ ПЕРЕШКОДИ НА ШЛЯХУ ІННОВАЦІЙНОГО РОЗВИТКУ

2019 ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
А. С. Машкіна
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Knowledge Economy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The State ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Social Orientation ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Legal Standards ◽  
The Social

Developed economies of individual states are becoming an example and set the pace of development for others. Countries that are now leading the way have brought people to the forefront with their spiritual, human and intellectual qualities. Ukraine has not yet taken this experience and goes in the opposite direction, devaluing all kinds of relations in the state. The purpose of the research is to highlight the state of the organization of interaction of the population with all branches of power in order to understand and identify the steps towards the development of the knowledge economy. The object of research is the social complex of living conditions of the population of Ukraine, as the basis for the formation of value orientations of the knowledge economy. The methods used of the research were the practical side of the built relationship between the population and authorities at all levels. The hypothesis of the research is the idea that everyone should take his worthy place to shift a car called State in the direction of improving the quality of social relations, which will serve to increase the economic component. The statement of basic materials. To date, the state of interaction and communication with government is striking by the depreciation and neglect of moral, ethical and legal standards. The incompetence of the authorities and the high corruption of all structures leads to disruption of relations between all segments of the population. The great anti-social orientation of many laws and reforms does not allow a citizen to develop and realize his potential, as the consciousness of more than half of the population has mastered a single opinion – how to survive. The originality and practical significance of the research. To achieve economic growth and the implementation of large-scale innovation, you need to start with radical changes in the social plane. The proposed steps will improve the relations between the people and the authorities, establish dialogue and restore confidence in the state apparatus. Conclusions of the research. Based on this study, we can understand that we need to radically revise the relations between the population and the authorities and to be guided by common sense when making decisions that can harm another person

Socio-humanitarian framework for evaluating innovations in the field of artificial intelligence

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.N. Raikov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Main Emphasis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Value Orientations ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
The Impact

The paper addresses the issue of identification the social and humanitarian grounds for constructing criteria for assessing the impact of various factors on the development of innovations using artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. The analysis of basic concepts, standards and criteria for evaluating innovations has been carried out; an analytical review of foreign scientific publications was made. It is shown that modern systems for assessing innovations related to digital technologies and AI place the main emphasis on technological factors in the development of innovations. Social value orientations, including defining the ethical dimensions and social consequences of the malicious use of AI was identified; the analysis of innovation models in the context of quality management and differentiation of semantics of AI models is carried out. As a result, a classification of various types of AI was constructed, taking into account the social and humanitarian grounds for constructing criteria for assessing the impact of various factors on the development of innovations in the field of AI. It allows to increase the reputation potential of companies developing AI systems and AI systems themselves, to counter negative trends in the field of ethics associated with the use of digital technologies and AI.

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