The effect of storage temperature on the mobile water content and the fracture toughness of a filled-polymeric system

1983 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Cahill
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Polymeric System ◽  
Mobile Water

scholarly journals Effects of different drying rates on the physiological quality of Coffea canephora Pierre seeds

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sttela Dellyzete Veiga Franco da Rosa ◽  
Delacyr da Silva Brandão Júnior ◽  
Édila Vilela de Resende Von Pinho ◽  
André Delly Veiga ◽  
Luiz Hildebrando de Castro e Silva
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Drying Rates

Desiccation tolerance in seeds depends on the species, development stage and drying conditions, especially the water removal rate. Coffea seeds are considered of intermediate performance, because they tolerate relative dehydration compared to orthodox seeds and are sensitive to low temperatures. The objective of this study was to verify the effect of different drying rates on the viability and storability of Coffea canephora seeds. A complete randomized experimental design was used, in a factorial 3 x 5 x 2 design, with three drying rates (fast, intermediate and slow), five final mean water contents after drying (51, 42, 33, 22 and 15 %) and two storage temperatures (10 and 20°C). The germination and seed vigor assessments, using radicle protrusion, cotyledon leaf opening, seedling emergence and emergence speed index, were performed shortly after drying and after two and four months storage. It was observed that with reduction in the water content there was reduction in the germination values and seed vigor, for all the drying rates. The greatest reductions in physiological quality occurred when the seeds were dried quickly and the best results were obtained at the intermediate drying rate. There was an effect of drying rate and storage temperature on the physiological quality of the seeds, and lower germination and vigor values were observed in seeds with lower water content stored at 20°C. C. canephora seeds were tolerant to desiccation down to 15 % water content and can be stored for four months at 10°C. A temperature of 20ºC can be used to store C. canephora seeds, as long as the water content is not reduced to values below 22 % water content.

scholarly journals Significance of tree roots for preferential infiltration in stagnic soils

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1809-1821 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Lange ◽  
P. Lüescher ◽  
P. F. Germann
Keyword(s):  
Film Thickness ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Contact Length ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Tree Roots ◽  
Mobile Water

Abstract. It is generally recognized that roots have an effect on infiltration. In this study we analysed the relation between root length distributions from Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst), silver fir (Abies alba Miller), European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and preferential infiltration in stagnic soils in the northern Pre-Alps in Switzerland. We conducted irrigation experiments (1 m2) and recorded water content variations with time domain reflectometry (TDR). A rivulet approach was applied to characterise preferential infiltration. Roots were sampled down to a depth of 0.5 to 1 m at the same position where the TDR-probes had been inserted and digitally measured. The basic properties of preferential infiltration, film thickness of mobile water and the contact length between soil and mobile water in the horizontal plane are closely related to root densities. An increase in root density resulted in an increase in contact length, but a decrease in film thickness. We modelled water content waves based on root densities and identified a range of root densities that lead to a maximum volume flux density and infiltration capacity. These findings provide convincing evidence that tree roots in stagnic soils represent the pore system that carries preferential infiltration. Thus, the presence of roots should improve infiltration.

scholarly journals Storage of seeds of Calamus palustris var. cochinchinensis

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-207
Author(s):  
Y.K. Fan ◽  
M. Liu ◽  
J.X. Hu ◽  
M.Y. Ji ◽  
Q.Y. Lan
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Aluminum Foil ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Seed Desiccation ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Mature Seeds

The present study examined the effect of temperature (15, 20, 25, 30 and 20/30°C) on germination and the storage behaviour of freshly harvested mature seeds of Calamus palustris var. cochinchinensis. Seed desiccation tolerance and the effects of storage temperature (4 and 15°C), perlite water content (120, 180 and 240%) and seed moisture content (27.8, 38.2 and 49.2%) on viability were observed. Seeds had a higher germination at 25°C (88.3%) than at the other tested temperatures. Germination decreased as the seed moisture content decreased during desiccation. The germination of seeds stored at 15°C was higher than that of seeds stored at 4°C. Germination of seeds stored at 15 and 4°C was <65% and with extension of storage time, the germination decreased, indicating that neither temperature can be used for long-term conservation. For short-term storage, the seeds can be stored at 15°C with perlite with 180% water content in plastic bottles or at 15°C with 49.2% moisture content sealed inside aluminum foil bags.

scholarly journals Masa simpan tempe dalam pengemas edible film tapioka termodifikasi [Shelf life of tempe wrapped by modified-tapioca edible film]

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Maria Erna Kustyawati ◽  
Dian Santoso Manalu ◽  
Murhadi Murhadi ◽  
Ahmad Sapta Zuidar ◽  
Diki Danar Tri Winanti
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Edible Films ◽  
Quality Parameter ◽  
Edible Film ◽  
Arrhenius Model ◽  
Life Estimation ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Edible film made up of modified tapioca was used to wrap tempeh and its shelf life estimation was determined. The edible films must be capable of evenly aerating and maintaining moisture without causing condensation in order mycelium to be able to grow and produce high-quality tempeh. The experiment was carried out in completely randomized design with two main factors of storage temperature and time. An accelerated shelf life test at 17oC, 27oC, and 37oC with an Arrhenius model was used to calculate the shelf life, and water content was used as quality parameter indicator. The result showed that modified-tapioca based edible film made from fermentation of tapioca by Saccharomyces cerevisiae was characterized as having elongation of 11.40 %, tensile strength of 408.37 MPa, thickness of 0.88 mm and WVTR of 12.60 g/m2/h. Rate constant of water content decrease in edible film wrapped tempeh based on Arrhenius model was 0.3832 % day-1 and Ea was 10.296 kkal/gmol, while that of in PP-plastic wrapped tempeh was 0.3831% day-1 and Ea was 9.998 kkal/gmol. The shelf life of edible film wrapped tempeh was 9.39 days at 27oC, 5.18 days at 27oC, and 2.96 days at 37oC, while shelf life of PP-plastic wrapped tempeh was 8.64 days at 17oC, 4.85 days at 27 oC, and 2.82 days at 37oC. Therefore, it can be concluded that modified tapioca based edible film increased the shelf life of tempeh.

scholarly journals PERUBAHAN KARAKTERISTIK BUBUK BUAH PANDAN (Pandanus tectorius) SELAMA PENYIMPANAN PADA PERLAKUAN JENIS KEMASAN DAN SUHU PENYIMPANAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 254
Author(s):  
I Komang Budha Astawa ◽  
Ni Made Wartini ◽  
I Wyn Gede Sedana Yoga
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Aluminum Foil ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Factor Ii ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Fruit Powder ◽  
Pandanus Tectorius

Pandan is part of the marine pandanus plants that are yellow to orange. Pandan fruit has the potential to be a source of natural dyes yellow and orange. Dyes obtained from pandan fruit are unstable. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the type of packaging and storage temperature on the characteristics of fruit powder and to determine the type of packaging and the best temperature for storing pandan powder. The design in this study used a completely randomized design with two factors. Factor I is a packaging treatment consisting of 4 types of packaging, namely polypropylene, polyethylene, aluminum foil, and brown paper. Factor II is the temperature consisting of two levels, namely 4º±2ºC and 27º±2ºC. The results showed that the temperature had a very significant effect (P<0,01) on water content and total carotene but did not have a significant effect (P>0,05) on the reddish value (L*), the reddish value (a*), reddish value (b*). The packaging type has a very significant effect (P<0.01) on water content and total carotene, but does not have a significant effect (P>0,05) on the reddish value (L*), the reddish value (a*), reddish value (b*), the most stable treatment in aluminum foil and cold temperatures 4 ± 2ºC for 4 weeks of storage, with the percentage of moisture content, total carotenoids, color intensity (L *, a *, b *) in the amount of 14.00%, 17.86%, 34,89%, 43,88%, 22,76% Keywords: pandanus (Pandanus tectorius), carotene, type of packaging, storage temperature.

Field measured mobile water fraction for soils of contrasting texture

Soil Research ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. A. Okom ◽  
R. E. White ◽  
L. K. Heng
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Solute Transport ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Solute Transfer ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Mobile Water ◽  
Immobile Water ◽  
Mobile Fraction ◽  
Fertiliser Application

For the purpose of modeling solute transport, soil water has often been simply divided into an essentially mobile fraction, q m , which is active in solute transport, and an apparently immobile fraction, q im . Distinction between q m and q im was sought using the disc permeameter technique. This study examines unsaturated estimates of mobile water content at suction heads, h, of 20, 40, 80, and 120 mm for several soils ranging in texture from sand to clay. Following infiltration of 35 mm depth of 0.01 M KBr into initially dry soils, soil samples were collected from below the base of the disc permeameter and analysed for tracer concentrations which enabled partitioning of mobile and immobile water. Hydraulic conductivity and sorptivity were also derived from the infiltration data. The results show the expected non-linearity of hydraulic conductivity and sorptivity with suction. The mobile water expressed as a fraction, f, of the volumetric water content q (f = q m / q ) was generally found to range from 0.7 to 0.95, with an average of 0.85. The exception was one site for which f was &ordf; 0.50. These values of f are comparable to those derived from leaching studies reported in the literature. An important finding of this work is that within the range of suctions measured, the mobile fraction was independent of suction. A possible explanation for this observation is that the soil capillary forces were dominant during the time scale of the experiment and therefore rapidly drew the invading solution. This finding could have important implications for fertiliser application. Furthermore, this result suggests that the assumption of a negligible solute transfer coefficient, a , between the mobile and immobile domains may be valid within the time scale of this method of measuring the mobile water content.

scholarly journals UMUR SIMPAN KOPI LENGKUAS INSTAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE ACCELERATED SHELF LIFE TESTING (ASLT) DENGAN PENDEKATAN PERSAMAAN ARRHENIUS

BUANA SAINS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Ratih Yuniastri ◽  
Ismawati Ismawati ◽  
Dyah Ayu Fajarianingtyas
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Initial Water Content ◽  
Content Increase ◽  
Life Testing ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Processed Products

Galangal is one of the herbaceous plants that thrive in the Sumenep area and has been utilized by one of the Agro-industries in this area to become an instant galangal coffee product. Galangal processed products are one way to extend the shelf life of galangal. A decrease in quality during product storage can have an impact on the shelf of the product. To provide food safety guarantees for consumers and to support the creation of food independence, information about the shelf life of this product needs to be included. This research is to estimate the shelf life of instant galangal coffee products using the Accelerated Shelf Life Testing (ASLT) method with the Arrhenius approach, using a randomized block design (RBD). An increase in color and water content of instant galangal coffee indicates a decrease in product quality during the storage process. The parameter used to estimate the shelf life of products based on research results is water content. The initial water content of 5,237% with a critical water content of 18,67% and based on the Arrhenius equation the rate of water content increase was K = 656,94.e-3150,7(1/T). The shelf life of the instant galangal coffe product under study was 671 days at storage temperature 30oC; 411 days at 45oC: and 352 days at 50oC wit RH condition maintained at 70%.

scholarly journals Germination and Water Content of Cocoa Seeds After Storage Treatments

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-155
Author(s):  
Indah Anita-Sari ◽  
Bayu Setyawan ◽  
Agung Wahyu Susilo
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Vacuum Packaging ◽  
Recalcitrant Seed ◽  
R Program ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
The Stability ◽  
And Storage

The challenge of providing cocoa seeds is the characteristic of recalcitrant seed, thus requiring storage techniques that can slow down the decline in seed viability in an effort to manage the distribution of cocoa seeds which depend to the time of demand and harvest. The research aimed to study the effect ofpackaging method for storage of cocoa seeds; the effect of shelf life and temperature to germination and water content of seeds, and the stability of seed germination at different age and storage temperature. The research was conducted at Kaliwining Experimental Station, Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute, Jember, East Java. The research used complete randomized design with research design using split plot. The treatments consisted of packaging methods, storage temperature and storage life. Packaging methods consisted of two methods, i.e. vacuum methods and non vacuum methods. Storage temperature consisted of three treatments, i.e. 15OC, 25OC and 30OC. both of packaging and temperature treatments were stored at four shelf life treatment included 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, and 4 weeks. Each treatment was repeated with three replications and each treatment per replication consisted of 50 seeds. Data analysis used SAS 9.0 and stability analysis used R program and PB Tool. Water content of seeds, germination of seeds and number of seedy seeds were observed. The results showed that type of packaging and storage temperature effect to germination of cocoa seeds but did not effect to seeds water content. Storage of cocoa seeds by non-vacuum packaging showed a higher of germination compared to vacuum packaging in all temperature treatments. Storage with non vacuum packaging at a temperature 25OC showed a germination more than 85% for 2 weeks of shelf life, while storage of cocoa seeds at a temperature of 30OC had a germination of more than 85% for only 1 week shelf life. Storage of cocoa seed at 15OC showed the lowest of germination at treatment. Storage treatments did not show effect on water content of cocoa seeds.

Effect of High Temperature Holding and Ice Storage on Protein, Non-Protein Nitrogen, Water, and Collagen Content of Penaeid Shrimp

1977 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 252-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
WUNWIBOON WILAICHON ◽  
BRYANT F. COBB ◽  
DWAYNE A. SUTER ◽  
THAYNE R. DUTSON
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Penaeid Shrimp ◽  
Collagen Content ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Ice Storage ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Penaeus Setiferus ◽  
The Relationship

Five different sample lots of white shrimp (Penaeus setiferus) were divided into two groups. One group was kept at room temperature (23–24 C) and the other on ice until putrid odors began to appear. Protein and non-protein nitrogen (NPN), water, and collagen contents were measured initially and when putrid odors began to appear. Initial protein content ranged from 14.04–16.93% and water content ranged from 68.24–77.31% Initial water and protein [(Total Nitrogen - NPN) × 6.25] had the relationship % water = 122.25 – 3.19(% protein), r = 0.998). At 23–24 C the NPN to TN ratio increased significantly (p &lt; 0.01) in two lots and slightly in one lot. In ice stored shrimp NPN and protein nitrogen decreased by an average amount of 50% and 25%, respectively. During ice storage, water content increased significantly in all three lots of shrimp. Initial total collagen content ranged from 6.71–8.83 mg/g with the %soluble ranging from 11.92–45.22%. Soluble collagen increased significantly in two lots and decreased significantly in one lot at both room and ice-storage temperature.

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