An Experimental Study of Nozzle Temperature and Heat Treatment (Annealing) Effects on Mechanical Properties of High‐Temperature Polylactic Acid in Fused Deposition Modeling

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 979-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behnam Akhoundi ◽  
Mojtaba Nabipour ◽  
Faramarz Hajami ◽  
Diana Shakoori
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Annealing Effects ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Nozzle Temperature

Assessing the effect of FDM processing parameters on mechanical properties of PLA parts using Taguchi method

2021 ◽  
pp. 089270572110530
Author(s):  
Nagarjuna Maguluri ◽  
Gamini Suresh ◽  
K Venkata Rao
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Fracture Strain ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Nozzle Temperature ◽  
Experimental Runs ◽  
Printing Speed

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is a fast-expanding additive manufacturing technique for fabricating various polymer components in engineering and medical applications. The mechanical properties of components printed with the FDM method are influenced by several process parameters. In the current work, the influence of nozzle temperature, infill density, and printing speed on the tensile properties of specimens printed using polylactic acid (PLA) filament was investigated. With an objective to achieve better tensile properties including elastic modulus, tensile strength, and fracture strain; Taguchi L8 array has been used for framing experimental runs, and eight experiments were conducted. The results demonstrate that the nozzle temperature significantly influences the tensile properties of the FDM printed PLA products followed by infill density. The optimum processing parameters were determined for the FDM printed PLA material at a nozzle temperature of 220°C, infill density of 100%, and printing speed of 20 mm/s.

scholarly journals Effect of Extrusion Temperature on the Physico-Mechanical Properties of Unidirectional Wood Fiber-Reinforced Polylactic Acid Composite (WFRPC) Components Using Fused Deposition Modeling

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teng-Chun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Extrusion Temperature ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling

Wood fiber-reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) composites (WFRPCs) were used as a filament to manufacture the unidirectional WFRPC components by means of fused deposition modeling (FDM). The physico-mechanical properties of the WFRPC components printed at different extrusion temperatures (200, 210, 220, and 230 °C) were determined. The results revealed that most of the physical properties (moisture content, surface roughness, water absorption rate, and thickness swelling rate) of the printed WFRPC component were not significantly influenced by extrusion temperature, while its density and color difference increased as the extrusion temperature increased. Additionally, the tensile and flexural properties of the FDM-printed WFRPC component decreased when the extrusion temperature was more than 200 °C, whereas the compressive strength and internal bond strength increased by 15.1% and 24.3%, respectively, when the extrusion temperature was increased from 200 to 230 °C. Furthermore, scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) demonstrated that the fracture surface of the tensile component printed at a higher extrusion temperature exhibited a better compatibility at fiber/PLA interfaces and good adhesion between the extruded filament segments. These results indicate that the FDM printing process using different extrusion temperatures has a substantial impact on the surface color, density, and mechanical properties of the printed WFRPC component.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of FDM Printed PLA Parts before and after Thermal Treatment

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1239
Author(s):  
Ali Chalgham ◽  
Andrea Ehrmann ◽  
Inge Wickenkamp
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is one of the most often-used technologies in additive manufacturing. Several materials are used with this technology, such as poly(lactic acid) (PLA), which is most commonly applied. The mechanical properties of 3D-printed parts depend on the process parameters. This is why, in this study, three-point bending tests were carried out to characterize the influence of build orientation, layer thickness, printing temperature and printing speed on the mechanical properties of PLA samples. Not only the process parameters may affect the mechanical properties, but heat after-treatment also has an influence on them. For this reason, additional samples were printed with optimal process parameters and characterized after pure heat treatment as well as after deformation at a temperature above the glass transition temperature, cooling with applied deformation, and subsequent recovery under heat treatment. These findings are planned to be used in a future study on finger orthoses that could either be printed according to shape or in a flat shape and afterwards heated and bent around the finger.

scholarly journals Effect of Thermal Processing and Heat Treatment Condition on 3D Printing PPS Properties

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Geng ◽  
Ji Zhao ◽  
Wenzheng Wu ◽  
Yulei Wang ◽  
Bofan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Thermal Processing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Polyphenylene Sulfide ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Thermal Crosslinking ◽  
Deposition Modeling

Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) is a high-performance semi-crystalline thermoplastic polymer that is widely used in the automotive, electronics, and aerospace industries, as well as other fields. However, PPS introduces several challenges in fused deposition modeling owing to its inherent properties of crystallization and thermal crosslinking. The present study demonstrates the effects of the thermal processing and heat treatment conditions on the accuracy and mechanical properties of PPS samples three-dimensionally printed through fused deposition modeling. By measuring the degree of crystallinity and thermal crosslinking of three-dimensionally printed PPS samples, we found that the thermal history affects the three-dimensionally printed PPS properties. Results show that the accuracy of three-dimensionally printed PPS samples can be improved by means of air-forced cooling in fused deposition modeling. The balance between mechanical strength and ductility was regulated by altering the heat treatment conditions. This approach is applicable to eliminating the warpage of semi-crystalline polymer in three-dimensional printing (not only for PPS) and provides a method of improving the mechanical properties of three-dimensionally printed PPS samples.

Mechanical properties analysis of polyetherimide parts fabricated by fused deposition modeling

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shenglong Jiang ◽  
Guangxin Liao ◽  
Dingding Xu ◽  
Fenghua Liu ◽  
Wen Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Storage Modulus ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Engineering Plastics ◽  
Molded Parts ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Nozzle Temperature

Polyetherimide (PEI) is a kind of high-performance polymer, which possesses a high glass transition temperature ( Tg), excellent flame retardancy, low smoke generation, and good mechanical properties. In this article, PEI was applied in the fused deposition modeling (FDM)–based 3-D printing for the first time. The entire process from filament extrusion to printing was studied. It was observed that the filament orientation and nozzle temperature were closely related to the mechanical properties of printed samples. When the nozzle temperature is 370°C, the mean tensile strength of FDM printing parts can reach to 104 MPa, which is only 7% lower than that of injection molded parts. It can be seen that the 0° orientation set of samples show the highest storage modulus (2492 MPa) followed by the 45° samples, and the 90° orientation set of samples show the minimum storage modulus (1420 MPa) at room temperature. The above results indicated that this technique allows the production of parts with adequate mechanical performance, which does not need to be restricted to the production of mock-ups and prototypes. Our work broke the limitations of traditional FDM technology and expanded the types of material available for FDM to the high-temperature engineering plastics.

Property Enhancement of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polylactic Acid Composites Prepared by Fused-Deposition Modeling

2020 ◽  
pp. 455-478
Author(s):  
Pravin R. Kubade ◽  
Hrushikesh B. Kulkarni ◽  
Vinayak C. Gavali
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Properties Of Composites

Additive Manufacturing or three-dimensional printing refers to a process of building lighter, stronger three-dimensional parts, manufactured layer by layer. Additive manufacturing uses a computer and CAD software which passes the program to the printer to build the desired shape. Metals, thermoplastic polymers, and ceramics are the preferred materials used for additive manufacturing. Fused deposition modeling is one additive manufacturing technique involving the use of thermoplastic polymer for creating desired shape. Carbon fibers can be added into polymer to strengthen the composite without adding additional weight. Present work deals with the manufacturing of Carbon fiber-reinforced Polylactic Acid composites prepared using fused deposition modeling. Mechanical and thermo-mechanical properties of composites are studied as per ASTM standards and using sophisticated instruments. It is observed that there is enhancement in thermo-mechanical properties of composites due to addition reinforcement which is discussed in detail.

Effect of Printing Parameters on the Mechanical Properties of Parts Fabricated with Open-Source 3D Printers in PLA by Fused Deposition Modeling

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 895-908
Author(s):  
M. Ouhsti ◽  
B. El Haddadi ◽  
S. Belhouideg
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Printed Materials ◽  
Printing Parameters

Abstract3D polymer-based printers have become easily accessible to the public. Usually, the technology used by these 3D printers is Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM). The majority of these 3D printers mainly use acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and polylactic acid (PLA) to fabricate 3D objects. In order for the printed parts to be useful for specific applications, the mechanical properties of the printed parts must be known. The aim of this study is to determine the tensile strength and elastic modulus of printed materials in polylactic acid (PLA) according to three important printing parameters such as deposition angle, extruder temperature and printing speed. The central composite design (CCD) was used to reduce the number of tensile test experiments. The obtained results show that the mechanical properties of printed parts depend on printing parameters. Empirical models relating response and process parameters are developed. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test the validity of models relating response and printing parameters. The optimal printing parameters are determined for the desired mechanical properties.

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