A renewable agricultural waste material for the synthesis of the novel thermal stability epoxy resins

2013 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 2777-2784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Ding ◽  
Xiaofeng Wang ◽  
Yumei Tian ◽  
Liu Yang ◽  
Hongzhuo Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Waste Material ◽  
The Novel

scholarly journals Thermal Stability, Smoke Density, and Flame Retardance of Ecotype Bio-Based Flame Retardant Agricultural Waste Bagasse/Epoxy Composites

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 2977
Author(s):  
Shang-Hao Liu ◽  
Cing-Yu Ke ◽  
Chin-Lung Chiang
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Epoxy Group ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Interpenetrating Network ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Pure Epoxy ◽  
Ring Opening Reaction

In the study, agricultural waste bagasse was used as a bio-based flame retardant for reducing the flammability of epoxy. Specifically, an interpenetrating network (IPN) was formed through a ring opening reaction between the hydroxyl functional group of bagasse and the epoxy group of triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC), forming Bagasse@TGIC. Next, 9, 10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide (DOPO) was mixed with Bagasse@TGIC, inducing a reaction between the active hydrogen of DOPO and the epoxy group of TGIC, ultimately forming Bagasse@TGIC@DOPO with an IPN structure. Finally, the novel flame retardant was added to epoxy to create a composite. The integral procedural decomposition temperature (IPDT) of pure epoxy is 619 °C; after the introduction of the 30 wt% flame retardant, the IPDT of the resultant composite material increased to 799 °C, greatly increasing the thermal stability by 29%. After the addition of the Bagasse@TGIC@DOPO flame retardant, the limiting oxygen index increased from 21% for the pure epoxy to 29% for the composite, and the UL-94 rating improved from failing rating for the pure epoxy and V-0 rating for the composite. The Raman spectrum indicated that the addition of Bagasse@TGIC@DOPO IPN substantially increased the biochar yield during the burning process, increasing thermal stability. These results confirmed that the epoxy/Bagasse@TGIC@DOPO composite had substantial flame retarding effects.

Thermal Stabilities and the Thermal Degradation Kinetics Study of the Flame Retardant Epoxy Resins

2014 ◽  
Vol 1053 ◽  
pp. 263-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiu Juan Tian
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Thermal Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Thermal Stabilities ◽  
Degradation Kinetic ◽  
Modified Epoxy

Thermal stability and thermal degradation kinetics of epoxy resins with 2-(Diphenylphosphinyl)-1, 4-benzenediol were investegated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) at different heating rates of 5 K/min, 10 K/min, 20 K/min and 40 K/min. The thermal degradation kinetic mechanism and models of the modified epoxy resins were determined by Coast Redfern method.The results showed that epoxy resins modified with the flame retardant had more thermal stability than pure epoxy resin. The solid-state decomposition mechanism of epoxy resin and the modified epoxy resin corresponded to the controlled decelerating ځ˽̈́˰̵̳͂͆ͅ˼˰̴̱̾˰̸̵̈́˰̵̸̳̱̹̽̾̓̽˰̶̳̹̾̈́̿̾̓ͅ˰̶˸ځ˹˰̵̵͇͂˰̃˸́˽ځ˹2/3. The introduction of phosphorus-containing flame retardant reduced thermal degradation rate of epoxy resins in the primary stage, and promote the formation of carbon layer.

scholarly journals Thermodynamically stable [4 + 2] cycloadducts of lanthanum-encapsulated endohedral metallofullerenes

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 714-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuta Takano ◽  
Yuki Nagashima ◽  
M Ángeles Herranz ◽  
Nazario Martín ◽  
Takeshi Akasaka
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Material Science ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Spectroscopic Methods ◽  
Dynamic Nmr ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Endohedral Metallofullerenes ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Paramagnetic Properties

The [4 + 2] cycloaddition of o-quinodimethanes, generated in situ from the sultine 4,5-benzo-3,6-dihydro-1,2-oxathiin 2-oxide and its derivative, to La metal-encapsulated fullerenes, La2@C80 or La@C82, afforded the novel derivatives of endohedral metallofullerenes (3a,b, 4a,b and 5b). Molecular structures of the resulting compounds were elucidated using spectroscopic methods such as MALDI–TOF mass, optical absorption, and NMR spectroscopy. The [4 + 2] adducts of La2@C80 (3a,b, and 4a,b) and La@C82 (5b), respectively, retain diamagnetic and paramagnetic properties, as confirmed by EPR spectroscopy. Dynamic NMR measurements of 4a at various temperatures demonstrated the boat-to-boat inversions of the addend. In addition, 5b revealed remarkable thermal stability in comparison with the reported [4 + 2] cycloadduct of pentamethylcyclopentadiene and La@C82 (6). These findings demonstrate the utility of sultines to afford thermodynamically stable endohedral metallofullerene derivatives for the use in material science.

scholarly journals Natural Fillers as Potential Modifying Agents for Epoxy Composition: A Review

Polymers ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 265
Author(s):  
Natalia Sienkiewicz ◽  
Midhun Dominic ◽  
Jyotishkumar Parameswaranpillai
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Thermomechanical Properties ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Synthetic Fiber ◽  
Peanut Shell ◽  
Epoxy Composition ◽  
Natural Fillers

Epoxy resins as important organic matrices, thanks to their chemical structure and the possibility of modification, have unique properties, which contribute to the fact that these materials have been used in many composite industries for many years. Epoxy resins are repeatedly used in exacting applications due to their exquisite mechanical properties, thermal stability, scratch resistance, and chemical resistance. Moreover, epoxy materials also have really strong resistance to solvents, chemical attacks, and climatic aging. The presented features confirm the fact that there is a constant interest of scientists in the modification of resins and understanding its mechanisms, as well as in the development of these materials to obtain systems with the required properties. Most of the recent studies in the literature are focused on green fillers such as post-agricultural waste powder (cashew nuts powder, coconut shell powder, rice husks, date seed), grass fiber (bamboo fibers), bast/leaf fiber (hemp fibers, banana bark fibers, pineapple leaf), and other natural fibers (waste tea fibers, palm ash) as reinforcement for epoxy resins rather than traditional non-biodegradable fillers due to their sustainability, low cost, wide availability, and the use of waste, which is environmentally friendly. Furthermore, the advantages of natural fillers over traditional fillers are acceptable specific strength and modulus, lightweight, and good biodegradability, which is very desirable nowadays. Therefore, the development and progress of “green products” based on epoxy resin and natural fillers as reinforcements have been increasing. Many uses of natural plant-derived fillers include many plant wastes, such as banana bark, coconut shell, and waste peanut shell, can be found in the literature. Partially biodegradable polymers obtained by using natural fillers and epoxy polymers can successfully reduce the undesirable epoxy and synthetic fiber waste. Additionally, partially biopolymers based on epoxy resins, which will be presented in the paper, are more useful than commercial polymers due to the low cost and improved good thermomechanical properties.

scholarly journals Adhesive Bonding of Aluminium Alloy A5754 by Epoxy Resins

10.14311/1835 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Michalec ◽  
Milan Marônek
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Aluminium Alloy ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Adhesive Bonding ◽  
Thin Sheets ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Promising Area

Joining thin sheets of aluminium and its alloys is a promising area in the field of joining materials. Nowadays, joining methods that do not melt the material itself are increasingly being utilised. This paper deals with adhesive bonding of aluminium alloy A5754 by two-component epoxy resins. Theresults show that joints bonded by Hysol 9466 have appropriate mechanical properties, but that joints bonded by Hysol 9492 have better thermal stability.

Development of effective and sustainable adsorbent biomaterial from an agricultural waste material: Cu(II) removal

2020 ◽  
Vol 249 ◽  
pp. 123128
Author(s):  
Nilofar Asim ◽  
Mohamad Hassan Amin ◽  
Nurul Asma Samsudin ◽  
Marzieh Badiei ◽  
Halim Razali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Waste Material

scholarly journals THERMAL STABILITY OF Pinus oocarpa AND MAIZE COB PARTICLEBOARDS

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 348-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mário Vanoli Scatolino ◽  
Thiago de Paula Protásio ◽  
Rafael Farinassi Mendes ◽  
Lourival Marin Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Curve Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Pressing Cycle ◽  
Pinus Oocarpa ◽  
Maize Cob ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Agricultural waste materials are generated in large quantities in Brazil. These can accumulate and cause serious environmental problems. One of the most commonly generated wastes in the brazilian agricultural culture is the maize cob. Being lignocellulosic in nature, the maize cob can find use as the raw material in the production of particleboards mainly concerned with furniture making. Therefore, studies regarding its thermal stability and fire resistance would be interesting. The aim of this study was to evaluate the combustibility and thermal stability of the particleboards produced from maize cob and Pinus oocarpa wood. The percentages in which maize cob was associated with Pinus oocarpa were 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. The panels were produced using 8% urea-formaldehyde and 1% paraffin. The pressing cycle parameters included: temperature 150 °C, pressure of 3.92 MPa during 10 min. The combustibility curve analysis showed that the panels containing 25% content of maize cob had higher resistance to combustion. In general, the thermal stability decreased as the wood substitution by maize cob increased.

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