Effect of the core-shell impact modifier shell thickness on toughening PVC

2004 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 1885-1889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juh-Shyong Lee ◽  
Feng-Chih Chang
Keyword(s):  
Shell Thickness ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
The Core ◽  
Impact Modifier

Optical Temperature Sensing of Core-Shell Structured NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+@NaYF4 Nanocrystals with Different Shell Thickness

2015 ◽  
Vol 738-739 ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
Dong Dong Li ◽  
Qi Yue Shao ◽  
Yan Dong ◽  
Jian Qing Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Shell Thickness ◽  
Thermal Sensitivity ◽  
Upconversion Luminescence ◽  
Temperature Sensing ◽  
Upconversion Nanoparticles ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Sensing Properties ◽  
The Core ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Biomedical Fields

Hexagonal (β)-phase NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+ upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) with and without an inert (undoped NaYF4) shell have been successfully synthesized and the effects of shell thickness on the upconversion luminescence (UCL) and temperature sensing properties were systematically investigated. It was found that the NaYF4 shell and its thickness do not affect the RHS values and thermal sensitivity, but can obviously improve the UCL intensity of NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+ UCNPs. It implies that the core-shell structured NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+@NaYF4 UCNPs with excellent UCL properties have great potential to be used as temperature sensing probes in biomedical fields, without considering the influences of the shell thickness on their temperature sensing properties.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Control of the Shell Thickness of Polyaniline and Polypyrrole Half Hollow Spheres Using the Polystyrene Cores

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su-Ryeon Yun ◽  
Gyeong-Ok Kim ◽  
Chan Woo Lee ◽  
Nam-Ju Jo ◽  
Yongku Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shell Thickness ◽  
Hollow Spheres ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
The Core ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Core Shell Structure ◽  
And Control ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

Polyaniline (Pani) and polypyrrole (Ppy) half hollow spheres with different shell thicknesses were successfully synthesized by three steps process using polystyrene (PS) as the core. The PS core was synthesized by emulsion polymerization. Aniline and pyrrole monomers were polymerized on the surface of the PS core. The shells of Pani and Ppy were fabricated by adding different amounts of aniline and pyrrole monomers. PS cores were dissolved and removed from the core shell structure by solvent extraction. The thicknesses of the Pani and Ppy half hollow spheres were observed by FE-SEM and FE-TEM. The chemical structures of the Pani and Ppy half hollow spheres were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The shell thicknesses of the Pani half hollow spheres were 30.2, 38.0, 42.2, 48.2, and 52.4 nm, while the shell thicknesses of the Ppy half hollow spheres were 16.0, 22.0, 27.0, and 34.0 nm. The shell thicknesses of Pani and Ppy half hollow spheres linearly increased as the amount of the monomer increased. Therefore, the shell thickness of the Pani and Ppy half hollow spheres can be controlled in these ranges.

Core@shell nanostructured Au-d@NimPtm for electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction: effect of the core size and shell thickness

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (17) ◽  
pp. 4668-4677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Zhang ◽  
Shu Miao ◽  
Bo-Qing Xu
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Reduction Reaction ◽  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Shell Thickness ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Core Size ◽  
The Core ◽  
Electrocatalytic Performance ◽  
Electrochemical Oxygen

Au-d@NimPtm nanostructures are studied to address the effects of the Au-core size (d) and NiPt-shell thickness (m) on the electrocatalytic performance of Pt for the ORR.

scholarly journals Stress Distribution in Microregion of Core–Shell Structure Lightweight Aggregate Concrete

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 540
Author(s):  
Meng Zhu ◽  
Lihua Zhang ◽  
Weilong Wang ◽  
Hongping Zhang ◽  
Wenjin Xing
Keyword(s):  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Shell Structure ◽  
Shell Thickness ◽  
Lightweight Aggregate ◽  
Thickness Ratio ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Failure Resistance ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Shell Structure

An in-depth understanding of the effect of cordierite/belite core–shell structure lightweight aggregate (CSLWA) on the mechanical performance of LWA concrete (LWAC) is critical for improving the failure resistance of LWAC. In this study, the stress distribution of the microregion in CSLWA was systematically investigated via a finite element analysis to explore its effect on the mechanical properties of LWAC. In detail, the material components, core–shell thickness ratio, porosity and width of interfacial transition zone (ITZ), and absence or presence of interfacial bonding zone (IBZ) were considered during the stress distribution analysis of the microregion of LWAC. The results showed that a reduction in the material components, with a high-elastic modulus in the core, a decrease in the core–shell thickness ratio, and the formation of the core–shell IBZ are beneficial for optimizing the stress distribution of the microregion and alleviating the stress concentration phenomenon of LWAC. Moreover, due to the continuous hydration of belite shell, the ITZ of CSLWA becomes increasingly dense, thus the stress distribution is more uniform than that of ordinary LWAC, indicating that CSLWA exhibits the potential to improve the failure resistance of LWAC. This study helps to develop an understanding of the role played by the core–shell structure in improving the toughness of LWAC, and provides a new solution and methodology for improving the brittleness of LWAC.

Study on the Ag@SiO2 Enhanced the Luminous Intensity of the Terbium Complexes with Benzoic Acid and 1,10-phenanthroline

2014 ◽  
Vol 472 ◽  
pp. 711-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Yue ◽  
Yuan Li ◽  
Kai Kong ◽  
Hai Bin Chu ◽  
Yong Liang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Emission Intensity ◽  
Shell Thickness ◽  
Silica Shell ◽  
Excitation Wavelength ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Enhanced Fluorescence ◽  
The Core ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Terbium Complexes

Five kinds of terbium complexes have been synthesized respectively with benzoic acid, 1,10-phenanthroline and 2,2'-bipyridine as ligands. The core-shell Ag@SiO2nanocomposites was prepared. The result of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) shows the diameter of the nanosilver is about 50 nm and the thickness of the silica shell is 10, 25 and 80 nm. Combine the nanoparticles composite with terbium complexes, we explore the changes of excitation wavelength and emission intensity. The results show that: by loading the terbium complexes above the different size of nanoparticles, the excitation wavelengths of complexes do not shift, and the emission intensity of the complexes are enhanced in the presence of Ag@SiO2nanoparticles because of metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF), but at only a limited shell thickness particle region.

Complete structural and strain analysis of single GaAs/(In,Ga)As/GaAs core–shell–shell nanowires by means of in-plane and out-of-plane X-ray nanodiffraction

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 1387-1395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Al Hassan ◽  
Arman Davtyan ◽  
Hanno Küpers ◽  
Ryan B. Lewis ◽  
Danial Bahrami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shell Thickness ◽  
Lattice Mismatch ◽  
Bragg Reflection ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Growth Axis ◽  
The Core ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Interface Strain

Typically, core–shell–shell semiconductor nanowires (NWs) made from III–V materials with low lattice mismatch grow pseudomorphically along the growth axis, i.e. the axial lattice parameters of the core and shell materials are the same. Therefore, both the structural composition and interface strain of the NWs are encoded along directions perpendicular to the growth axis. Owing to fluctuations in the supplied growth species during molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) growth, structural parameters such as local shell thickness, composition and strain may differ between NWs grown onto the same substrate. This requires structural analysis of single NWs instead of measuring NW ensembles. In this work, the complete structure of single GaAs/(In,Ga)As/GaAs core–shell–shell NW heterostructures is determined by means of X-ray nanodiffraction using synchrotron radiation. The NWs were grown by MBE on a prepatterned silicon (111) substrate with a core diameter of 50 nm and an (In,Ga)As shell thickness of 20 nm with a nominal indium concentration of 15%, capped by a 30 nm GaAs outer shell. In order to access single NWs with the X-ray nanobeam being incident parallel to the surface of the substrate, a single row of holes with a separation of 10 µm was defined by electron-beam lithography to act as nucleation centres for MBE NW growth. These well separated NWs were probed sequentially by X-ray nanodiffraction, recording three-dimensional reciprocal-space maps of Bragg reflections with scattering vectors parallel (out-of-plane) and perpendicular (in-plane) to the NW growth axis. From the out-of-plane 111 Bragg reflection, deviations from hexagonal symmetry were derived, together with the diameters of probed NWs grown under the same conditions. The radial NW composition and interface strain became accessible when measuring the two-dimensional scattering intensity distributions of the in-plane 2{\overline 2}0 and 22{\overline 4} reflections, exhibiting well pronounced thickness fringes perpendicular to the NW side planes (truncation rods, TRs). Quantitative values of thickness, composition and strain acting on the (In,Ga)As and GaAs shells were obtained via finite-element modelling of the core–shell–shell NWs and subsequent Fourier transform, simulating the TRs measured along the three different directions of the hexagonally shaped NWs simultaneously. Considering the experimental constraints of the current experiment, thicknesses and In content have been evaluated with uncertainties of ±2 nm and ±0.01, respectively. Comparing data taken from different single NWs, the shell thicknesses differ from one to another.

Toughening of polycarbonate: Effect of particle size and rubber phase contents of the core-shell impact modifier

2004 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 748-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kilwon Cho ◽  
Jaeho Yang ◽  
Soong Yoon ◽  
Minku Hwang ◽  
Sobha V. Nair
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
The Core ◽  
Effect Of Particle Size ◽  
Rubber Phase ◽  
Impact Modifier

scholarly journals Investigation of Tunable Surface Plasmon Resonances on Spheroid Core–Shell Alloy Nanoparticles Using DDA Method

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Liu ◽  
Chean Su ◽  
Qiubo Ye ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Yushan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Surface Plasmon ◽  
Shell Thickness ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Surface Plasmon Resonances ◽  
Shell Nanoparticles ◽  
The Core ◽  
Extinction Spectra ◽  
Plasmon Resonances

In this work, numerical simulations for the absorption and scattering efficiencies of spheroid core–shell nanoparticles (CSNs) were conducted and studied using the discrete-dipole approximation method. The characteristics of surface plasmon resonances (SPR) depend upon shell thickness, the compositions of the core and shell materials, and the aspect ratio of the constructed CSNs. We used different core@shell compositions, specifically Au@SiO2, Ag@SiO2, Au@TiO2, Ag@TiO2, Au@Ag, and Ag@Au, for extinction spectra analysis. We also investigated coupled resonance mode wavelengths by adjusting the composition’s layer thickness and aspect ratio. In this study, we show that the extinction efficiency of the Ag@TiO2 core–shell nanoparticles (CSNPs) was higher than that of the others, and we examined the impact of TiO2 shell thickness and Ag core radius on SPR peak positions. From the extinction spectra we found that the Ag@TiO2 nanoparticle had better refractive index sensitivity and figure of merit when the aspect ratio was set to 0.3. All of the experimental results proved that the tunability of these plasmonic resonances was highly dependent on the material used, the layer thickness, and the aspect ratio of the core@shell CSNPs.

scholarly journals Uniform core–shell PPy@carbon microsphere composites with a tunable shell thickness: the synthesis and their excellent microwave absorption performances in the X-band

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (84) ◽  
pp. 53104-53110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Liu ◽  
Zhongzhu Wang ◽  
Sajid ur Rehman ◽  
Hong Bi
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Absorption ◽  
Shell Thickness ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Carbon Microspheres ◽  
Carbon Microsphere ◽  
The Core ◽  
X Band ◽  
Highly Uniform

Highly uniform core–shell polypyrrole@carbon microspheres (PPy@CM) have been successfully constructed by oxidation polymerization of pyrrole as the shell on the core of carbon microspheres.

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