Linkage of Public Health and All Payer Claims data for Population‐Level Opioid Research

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara E. Hallvik ◽  
Nazanin Dameshghi ◽  
Sanae El Ibrahimi ◽  
Michelle A. Hendricks ◽  
Christi Hildebran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Claims Data ◽  
Population Level

PENERAPAN CLUSTERING PADA PENDUDUK YANG MEMPUNYAI KELUHAN KESEHATAN DENGAN DATAMINING K-MEANS

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Rofiqo ◽  
Agus Perdana Windarto ◽  
Dedy Hartama
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Data Mining ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Health Complaints ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
National Statistics ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Indonesian Population ◽  
The Government

This study aims to utilize Clushtering Algorithm in grouping the number of people who have health complaints with the K-means algorithm in Indonesia. The source of this research data was collected based on the documents of the provincial population which had health complaints produced by the National Statistics Agency. The data used in this study are data from 2013-2017 consisting of 34 provinces. The method used in this research is K-means Algorithm. Data will be processed by clushtering in 3 clushter, namely clusther high health complaints, clusther moderate and low health complaints. Centroid data for high population level clusters 37.48, Centroid data for moderate population level clusters 27.08, and Centroid data for low population level clusters 14.89. So that obtained an assessment based on the population index that has health complaints with 7 provinces of high health complaints, namely Central Java, Yogyakarta, Bali, West Nusa Tenggara, East Nusa Tenggara, South Kalimantan, Gorontalo, 18 provinces of moderate health complaints, and 9 other provinces including low health complaints. This can be an input to the government to give more attention to residents in each region who have high health complaints through improving public health services so that the Indonesian population becomes healthier without health complaints.Keywords: data mining, health complaints, clustering, K-means, Indonesian residents

Fidelity and Its Relationship to Implementation Effectiveness, Adaptation, and Dissemination

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer D. Allen ◽  
Rachel C. Shelton ◽  
Karen M. Emmons ◽  
Laura A. Linnan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Implementation Fidelity ◽  
Population Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dissemination And Implementation ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Health Gains ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Research Continuum

There is substantial variability in the implementation of evidence-based interventions across the United States, which leads to inconsistent access to evidence-based prevention and treatment strategies at a population level. Increased dissemination and implementation of evidence-based interventions could result in significant public health gains. While the availability of evidence-based interventions is increasing, study of implementation, adaptation, and dissemination has only recently gained attention in public health. To date, insufficient attention has been given to the issue of fidelity. Consideration of fidelity is necessary to balance the need for internal and external validity across the research continuum. There is also a need for a more robust literature to increase knowledge about factors that influence fidelity, strategies for maximizing fidelity, methods for measuring and analyzing fidelity, and examining sources of variability in implementation fidelity.

Tobacco as a Matter of Public Health: Ethical Issues

2019 ◽  
pp. 494-510
Author(s):  
Kristin Voigt
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
Background Factors ◽  
Normative Issues

This chapter considers normative issues that tobacco raises at the population level, particularly with respect to the anti-smoking strategies policymakers might pursue and the reasons and justifications underlying these strategies. After setting out several background factors that shape the debate, the chapter discusses different grounds on which state and public health actors might seek to restrict tobacco use, considering in turn those justifications that focus on protecting smokers and those that seek to protect third parties. The chapter then considers normative problems arising in relation to specific anti-smoking strategies, such as restrictions on the sale, use, and marketing of cigarettes; taxation; incentives for cessation; and denormalization strategies. Issues of paternalism and the stigma associated with smoking are also discussed.

Severe Maternal Morbidity: A Comparison of Definitions and Data Sources

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan M Snowden ◽  
Audrey Lyndon ◽  
Peiyi Kan ◽  
Alison El Ayadi ◽  
Elliott Main ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Administrative Data ◽  
Maternal Morbidity ◽  
Claims Data ◽  
Birth Certificate ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Kappa Statistic ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Severe Maternal Morbidity ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Control And Prevention

Abstract Severe maternal morbidity (SMM) is a composite outcome measure that indicates serious, potentially life-threatening maternal health problems. There is great interest in defining SMM using administrative data for surveillance and research. In the US, one common way of defining SMM at the population level is an index developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Modifications have been proposed to this index (e.g., excluding maternal transfusion); some research defines SMM using an index introduced by Bateman et al. Birth certificate data are also increasingly being used to define SMM. We compared commonly used US definitions of SMM to each other among all California births, 2007-2012, using the Kappa statistic and other measures. We also evaluated agreement between maternal morbidity fields on the birth certificate compared to claims data. Concordance was generally low between the 7 definitions of SMM analyzed (i.e., κ < 0.4 for 13 of 21 two-way comparisons), Low concordance was particularly driven by presence/absence of transfusion and claims data versus birth certificate definitions. Low agreement between administrative data-based definitions of SMM highlights that results can be expected to differ between them. Further research is needed on validity of SMM definitions, using more fine-grained data sources.

scholarly journals The Evolution of Gambling-Related Harm Measurement: Lessons from the Last Decade

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4395
Author(s):  
Matthew Browne ◽  
Vijay Rawat ◽  
Catherine Tulloch ◽  
Cailem Murray-Boyle ◽  
Matthew Rockloff
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Health Utility ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Psychometric Evidence ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Utility Metrics ◽  
Gambling Harms ◽  
Related Harm

Jurisdictions around the world have a self-declared mandate to reduce gambling-related harm. However, historically, this concept has suffered from poor conceptualisation and operationalisation. However, recent years have seen swift advances in measuring gambling harm, based on the principle of it being a quantifiable decrement to the health and wellbeing of the gambler and those connected to them. This review takes stock of the background and recent developments in harm assessment and summarises recent research that has validated and applied the Short Gambling Harms Screen and related instruments. We recommend that future work builds upon the considerable psychometric evidence accumulated for the feasibility of direct elicitation of harmful consequences. We also advocate for grounding harms measures with respect to scalar changes to public health utility metrics. Such an approach will avoid misleading pseudo-clinical categorisations, provide accurate population-level summaries of where the burden of harm is carried, and serve to integrate gambling research with the broader field of public health.

scholarly journals Evaluation of vaccines against enteric infections: a clinical and public health research agenda for developing countries

2011 ◽  
Vol 366 (1579) ◽  
pp. 2799-2805 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Clemens
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
Public Health Research ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Vaccine Protection ◽  
Enteric Infections ◽  
Research Questions

Enteric infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. To date, vaccines have played a limited role in public health efforts to control enteric infections. Licensed vaccines exist for cholera and typhoid, but these vaccines are used primarily for travellers; and there are two internationally licensed vaccines for rotavirus, but they are mainly used in affluent countries. The reasons that enteric vaccines are little used in developing countries are multiple, and certainly include financial and political constraints. Also important is the need for more cogent evidence on the performance of enteric vaccines in developing country populations. A partial inventory of research questions would include: (i) does the vaccine perform well in the most relevant settings? (ii) does the vaccine perform well in all epidemiologically relevant age groups? (iii) is there adequate evidence of vaccine safety once the vaccines have been deployed in developing countries? (iv) how effective is the vaccine when given in conjunction with non-vaccine cointerventions? (v) what is the level of vaccine protection against all relevant outcomes? and (vi) what is the expected population level of vaccine protection, including both direct and herd vaccine protective effects? Provision of evidence addressing these questions will help expand the use of enteric vaccines in developing countries.

The public health approach to suicide prevention in Ireland

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
S. Rochford ◽  
P. Dodd ◽  
C. Austin
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Prevention Strategy ◽  
Public Health Approach ◽  
National Strategy ◽  
Extended Phase ◽  
The Public ◽  
National Implementation

Abstract This article provides an overview of the public health approach to suicide in Ireland. The authors provide detail on the current suicide prevention strategy in Ireland, Connecting for Life, which is a whole-of-government, systemic, multicomponent national strategy. As the strategy enters its final extended phase of implementation over the period 2020–2024, the public health elements of Connecting for Life are presented, including the population level and more targeted approaches. The findings of an interim review of the strategy are discussed, in addition to the local and national implementation structures which are in place to assist implementation and monitoring of the strategy.

scholarly journals In the Camp and on the March: Military Manuals as Sources for Studying Premodern Public Health

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-60
Author(s):  
G. Geltner
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Medieval Latin ◽  
Vulnerable Communities ◽  
Medical Tradition ◽  
Mediterranean World ◽  
Preventative Healthcare

Historians tend to view public health as a quintessentially modern phenomenon, enabled by the emergence of representative democracies, centralised bureaucracies and advanced biomedicine. While social, urban and religious historians have begun chipping away at the entrenched dichotomy between pre/modernity that this view implies, evidence for community prophylactics in earlier eras also emerges from a group of somewhat unexpected sources, namely military manuals. Texts composed for (and often by) army leaders in medieval Latin Europe, East Rome (Byzantium) and other premodern civilisations reflect the topicality of population-level preventative healthcare well before the nineteenth century, thereby broadening the path for historicising public health from a transregional and even global perspective. Moreover, at least throughout the Mediterranean world, military manuals also attest the enduring appeal of Hippocratic and Galenic prophylactics and how that medical tradition continued for centuries to shape the routines and material culture of vulnerable communities such as armies.

scholarly journals May Measurement Month 2019: an analysis of blood pressure screening results from Zambia

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_B) ◽  
pp. B158-B160
Author(s):  
Fastone Goma ◽  
Charity Syatalimi ◽  
Penias Tembo ◽  
Musawa Mukupa ◽  
Theresa Chikopela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Public Health Policy ◽  
Antihypertensive Medication ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Multiple Imputations ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Treatable Condition

Abstract In Zambia, hypertension accounts for the highest proportion of deaths due to cardiovascular diseases causing 3.3% of all deaths, killing an average of 670 people per year. May Measurement Month (MMM) is an annual global screening campaign aiming to improve awareness of blood pressure (BP) at the individual and population level. Adults (≥18 years) recruited through opportunistic sampling were screened at multiple sites within Lusaka during May and June 2019. Ideally, three BP readings were measured for each participant, and data on lifestyle factors and comorbidities were collected. Data were analysed centrally by the MMM project team and multiple imputations were performed where necessary. Of the total of 9232 enrolled, 8.7% of them had never had their BP measured, 2.5% had diabetes mellitus, 1.9% had had a myocardial infarction, 1.5% had had a stroke, 10.6% were current smokers, and 10.0% consumed alcohol once or more per week. Blood pressure fell from a mean of 128.6/82.9 mmHg for the 1st reading to a mean of 123.2/80.0 mmHg for the 3rd reading. The lowest proportion of participants with hypertension was identified by the 3rd reading alone (30.0%). Of all the participants, 30.7% had hypertension, though only 42.6% of them were aware of their diagnosis. Seven hundred and eighty-three (27.6%) were on antihypertensive medication though only 35.0% of them had controlled BP (systolic BP <140 mmHg and diastolic BP <90 mmHg). Compared with MMM17 data, there is deterioration of the monitored parameters calling for urgent and accelerated public health policy and clinical practice interventions. We think that the MMM campaign should continue annually to raise awareness of this treatable condition.

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