The adherence-outcome relationship is not altered by diary-driven adjustments of microelectronic monitor data

Agricultural fields have natural within-field soil variations that can be extensive, are usually contiguous, and are not always traceable. As a result, in many cases, site-specific attention is required to adjust inputs and optimize crop performance. Researchers, such as agronomists, agricultural engineers, or economists and other scientists, have shown increased interest in performing yield monitor data analysis to improve farmers’ decision-making concerning the better management of the agronomic inputs in the fields, while following a much more sustainable approach. In this case, spatial analysis of crop yield data with the form of spatial autocorrelation analysis can be used as a practical sustainable approach to locate statistically significant low-production areas. The resulted insights can be used as prescription maps on the tractors to reduce overall inputs and farming costs. This aim of this work is to present the benefits of conducting spatial analysis of yield crop data as a sustainable approach. Current work proves that the implementation of this process is costless, easy to perform and provides a better understanding of the current agronomic needs for better decision-making within a short time, adopting a sustainable approach.

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Optimal Threshold for the Volume–Outcome Relationship After Open AAA Repair in the Endovascular Era: Analysis of the International Consortium of Vascular Registries

Journal of Vascular Surgery ◽

10.1016/j.jvs.2021.04.013 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 73 (6) ◽

pp. 2207

Author(s):

S.T. Scali ◽

A. Beck ◽

A. Sedrakyan ◽

J. Mao ◽

C.-A. Behrendt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optimal Threshold ◽

International Consortium ◽

Outcome Relationship ◽

Volume Outcome

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Consistency of causal claims in observational studies: a review of papers published in a general medical journal

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043339 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. e043339

Author(s):

Camila Olarte Parra ◽

Lorenzo Bertizzolo ◽

Sara Schroter ◽

Agnès Dechartres ◽

Els Goetghebeur

Keyword(s):

Medical Journal ◽

Observational Studies ◽

The Other ◽

Research Papers ◽

General Medical Journal ◽

Outcome Relationship ◽

Causal Statement ◽

Data Source ◽

Published Research ◽

Causal Language

ObjectiveTo evaluate the consistency of causal statements in observational studies published in The BMJ.DesignReview of observational studies published in a general medical journal.Data sourceCohort and other longitudinal studies describing an exposure-outcome relationship published in The BMJ in 2018. We also had access to the submitted papers and reviewer reports.Main outcome measuresProportion of published research papers with ‘inconsistent’ use of causal language. Papers where language was consistently causal or non-causal were classified as ‘consistently causal’ or ‘consistently not causal’, respectively. For the ‘inconsistent’ papers, we then compared the published and submitted version.ResultsOf 151 published research papers, 60 described eligible studies. Of these 60, we classified the causal language used as ‘consistently causal’ (48%), ‘inconsistent’ (20%) and ‘consistently not causal’(32%). Eleven out of 12 (92%) of the ‘inconsistent’ papers were already inconsistent on submission. The inconsistencies found in both submitted and published versions were mainly due to mismatches between objectives and conclusions. One section might be carefully phrased in terms of association while the other presented causal language. When identifying only an association, some authors jumped to recommending acting on the findings as if motivated by the evidence presented.ConclusionFurther guidance is necessary for authors on what constitutes a causal statement and how to justify or discuss assumptions involved. Based on screening these papers, we provide a list of expressions beyond the obvious ‘cause’ word which may inspire a useful more comprehensive compendium on causal language.

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A comparison of catalogues of Forbush decreases identified from individual and a network of neutron monitors: a critical perspective

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society ◽

10.1093/mnras/stab680 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 503 (4) ◽

pp. 5675-5691

Author(s):

O Okike ◽

J A Alhassan ◽

E U Iyida ◽

A E Chukwude

Keyword(s):

Cosmic Ray ◽

Radiowave Propagation ◽

Current Work ◽

Survey Method ◽

Critical Perspective ◽

Short Term ◽

Forbush Decreases ◽

Academy Of Sciences ◽

Galactic Cosmic Ray ◽

Monitor Data

ABSTRACT Short-term rapid depressions in Galactic cosmic ray (GCR) flux, historically referred to as Forbush decreases (FDs), have long been recognized as important events in the observation of cosmic ray (CR) activity. Although theories and empirical results on the causes, characteristics, and varieties of FDs have been well established, detection of FDs, from either isolated detectors' or arrays of neutron monitor data, remains a subject of interest. Efforts to create large catalogues of FDs began in the 1990s and have continued to the present. In an attempt to test some of the proposed CR theories, several analyses have been conducted based on the available lists. Nevertheless, the results obtained depend on the FD catalogues used. This suggests a need for an examination of consistency between FD catalogues. This is the aim of the present study. Some existing lists of FDs, as well as FD catalogues developed in the current work, were compared, with an emphasis on the FD catalogues selected by the global survey method (GSM). The Forbush effects and interplanetary disturbances database (FEID), created by the Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radiowave Propagation Russian Academy of Sciences (IZMIRAN), is the only available comprehensive and up to date FD catalogue. While there are significant disparities between the IZMIRAN FD and other event lists, there is a beautiful agreement between FDs identified in the current work and those in the FEID. This may be a pointer to the efficiency of the GSM and the automated approach to FD event detection presented here.

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