An algorithm to derive a numerical daily dose from unstructured text dosage instructions

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anoop D. Shah ◽  
Carlos Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Unstructured Text ◽  
Daily Dose

The Modification of Experimental Occlusive Arterial Thrombosis in the Rat by Malayan Pit Viper Venom

1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (01/02) ◽  
pp. 242-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E Chan
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Thrombosis ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Arterial Occlusion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antithrombotic Effect ◽  
Daily Dose

SummaryThe effect of Malayan pit viper (Ancistrodon rhodostoma) venom on the fate of experimental arterial thrombosis was studied in rats. A suitable daily dose of venom (500 μg) was used to induce hypofibrinogenaemia in the treated rats for the greater part of each of three consecutive post-operative days.The treated animals showed a statistically significant overall reduction in the incidence of both red thrombus formation and thrombotic arterial occlusion when compared to a control group. This antithrombotic effect of the venom could be observed in the 7-day period following the cessation of the treatment.

Dihomo-γ-Linolenic Acid in Patients with Atherosclerosis: Effects on Platelet Aggregation, Plasma Lipids and Low-Density Lipoprotein-Induced Inhibition of Prostacyclin Generation

1984 ◽  
Vol 51 (02) ◽  
pp. 186-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Szczeklik ◽  
R J Gryglewski ◽  
K Sladek ◽  
E Kostka-Trąbka ◽  
A Żmuda
Keyword(s):  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Thromboxane A2 ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Antithrombotic Effects

SummaryDihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DHLA), a precursor of monoenoic anti-aggregatory prostaglandins (PGE1, PGD2), was administered for 4 weeks in a daily dose of 1.0 g into 33 patients with atherosclerosis on a basis of a double-blind trial. Comparison of treatment and placebo groups revealed elevation of DHLA in red cell lipids in DHLA-treated subjects. No differences, however, between the two groups could be observed in platelet aggregability, thromboxane A2 generation by platelets, serum cholesterol, PGE1 and PGE2 levels, and in inhibitory activity of low-density lipoproteins against prostacyclin synthetizing system in arteries. The dietary supplementation used did not lead to distinct antithrombotic effects.

METABOLIC STUDIES WITH METHANDROSTENOLONE (17β-HYDROXY-17α-METHYL-ANDROSTA-1,4-DIEN-3-ONE) IN HUMAN SUBJECTS

1961 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Almqvist ◽  
D. Ikkos ◽  
R. Luft
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Calcium Retention ◽  
Metabolic Studies ◽  
Daily Dose

ABSTRACT The effect of graded doses (5, 10 and 25 mg/d of methandrostenolone and of 25 mg/d of testosterone propionate were compared in each of three metabolically stable adult subjects. Five mg/d of methandrostenolone induced nitrogen and calcium retention. The effects observed with larger doses of methandrostenolone (10 and 25 mg/d) were not quantitatively different from those with 5 mg/d. The nitrogen and calcium retention obtained with the daily dose of 5 mg of methandrostenolone was as great or greater than that induced by testosterone propionate (25 mg/d). Methandrostenolone induced creatinuria but had no effect on sodium and chloride balances and urinary excretion of 17-ketosteroids.

Global Forecast Model to Predict the Daily Dose of the Solar Erythemally Effective UV Radiation¶

2005 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alois W. Schmalwieser ◽  
Günther Schauberger ◽  
Michal Janouch ◽  
Manuel Nunez ◽  
Tapani Koskela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Forecast Model ◽  
Daily Dose

Influence of cyp2d6 polymorphisms on pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety of antipsychotics

2018 ◽  
pp. 26-39
Author(s):  
А.А. Курылев ◽  
Б.В. Андреев
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Polymorphisms ◽  
Atypical Antipsychotics ◽  
Retrospective Studies ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Clinical Routine ◽  
Elimination Half ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Comparison Groups ◽  
Cyp2d6 Polymorphisms ◽  
Positive Significant Correlation

Несмотря на доступность в клинической практике широкого круга классических и атипичных антипсихотиков (АП), по-прежнему наблюдается широкая вариабельность ответа на психофармакотерапию. Эта вариабельность обусловлена генетической гетерогенностью как самой шизофрении, так и метаболизма АП. Стандартные назначаемые дозы АП далеко не всегда являются оптимальными. Генетическая вариабельность систем биотрансформации и биодоступности АП могут играть значимую роль в формировании ответа на терапию и развитии нежелательных реакций. Целью исследования стало проведение обзора литературы по проблеме клинической эффективности применения генотипирования полиморфизмов CYP2D6 при терапии антипсихотиками. Большинство фармакокинетических исследований обнаруживают сильную достоверную положительную корреляцию метаболического статуса CYP2D6, определенного путем генотипирования полиморфизмов CYP2D6 и фармакокинетических параметров АП (AUC, период полувыведения, клиренс). Однако статистически достоверных связей между полиморфизмами CYP2D6 и эффективностью терапии АП в большинстве исследований обнаружено не было, прежде всего из-за недостаточного количества участников, гетерогенности сравниваемых когорт, применении различных АП и использовании разных критериев эффективности. Перспективные исследования с хорошо сбалансированными группами сравнения, а также масштабные ретроспективные исследования демонстрируют достоверную корреляцию метаболического статуса CYP2D6 и частоты развития нежелательных реакций АП (лекарственный паркинсонизм и поздняя дискинезия). Для более точной оценки величины вклада генетических полиморфизмов CYP2D6 в эффективность и безопасность психофармакотерапии необходимы масштабные перспективные клинические исследования. Although a number of typical and atypical antipsychotics (AP) have been discovered and used in psychiatric clinical practice the variability in response to AP is quite high. This variability is partially explained by a genetic heterogeneity of schizophrenia and metabolism of AP. The standard prescribed antipsychotic daily dose is not always optimal. Genetic variability of biotransformation and bioavailability of AP may significantly influence on therapeutic effect and tolerability. The aim of the study was to perform literature review of studies evaluating the correlation of CYP2D6 genetic polymorphisms and AP pharmacokinetics, effectiveness and safety. Most pharmacokinetics studies show high positive significant correlation between CYP2D6 metabolic activity, determined by CYP2D6 polymorphisms genotyping and AP pharmacokinetic parameters (AUC, elimination half-life, clearance etc.). However the majority of studies were failed to demonstrate significant correlation between CYP2D6 polymorphisms and AP effectiveness mainly due to inadequate number of patient, heterogeneous cohorts, different AP and effectiveness criteria used. Prospective studies with balanced comparison groups and large retrospective studies showed significant correlation between CYP2D6 metabolic status and the frequency of AP induced AEs (parkinsonism and tardive dyskinesia). To better assess the influence of CYP2D6 genetic polymorphisms on AP effectiveness and safety in clinical routine large prospective well designed clinical studies are needed.

scholarly journals Control of Graves’ hyperthyroidism with very long-term methimazole treatment: a clinical trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fereidoun Azizi ◽  
Hengameh Abdi ◽  
Atieh Amouzegar
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Reference Range ◽  
Antithyroid Drug ◽  
Therapeutic Modality ◽  
Thyroid Status ◽  
Antithyroid Drug Therapy ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Prevention Of Relapse

Abstract Background Long-term antithyroid drug therapy has become one of the options for treatment of Graves’ hyperthyroidism. The aim of this study was to compare thyroid status in those who discontinued methimazole (MMI) treatment after 12.8 years with those who continued MMI as long as 24 years. Methods Fifty nine patients with Graves’ disease on long-term MMI for 14.2 ± 2.9 years were recruited; 32 patients (54%) decided to discontinue MMI and 27 (46%) preferred additional years of MMI treatment. All patients were followed for a mean of 6 additional years. Results Of 27 patients who continued MMI up to 24 years, suppressed serum thyrotropin (TSH) was not observed in any patient after the seventh year of treatment. Serum free thyroxine, triiodothyronine, TSH and TSH receptor antibody concentrations remained normal up to the length of the study. Mean daily dose of MMI to maintain TSH in the reference range decreased gradually and reached to 2.8 ± 1.7 mg by 24 years of MMI treatment. No adverse reaction related to MMI occured during additional years of therapy. In 32 patients who discontinued MMI, hyperthyroidism relapsed in 6 patients (19%), one left follow-up and 25 (78%) remained euthyroid during the study. Conclusions Long-term low dose MMI treatment may be a lifelong effective and safe therapeutic modality in patients with Graves’ hyperthyroidism for prevention of relapse, if studies from other centers confirm findings of this research. Trial registration IRCT201009224794N1, 2010-10-25. Retrospectively registered. https://www.irct.ir/trial/5143.

Comparison of the defined daily dose and days of treatment methods for evaluating the consumption of antibiotics and antifungals in the intensive care unit

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 294-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Vallès ◽  
S. Fernández ◽  
E. Cortés ◽  
A. Morón ◽  
E. Fondevilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Defined Daily Dose ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Daily Dose

scholarly journals AB0213 SAVING GLUCOCORTICOIDS AFTER RITUXIMAB TREATMENT IN PATIENTS WITH REUMATOID ARTHRITIS. ANALYSIS OF A COMMON CLINICAL PRACTICE COHORT

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1132.3-1133
Author(s):  
G. Jurado Quijano ◽  
L. Fernández de la Fuente Bursón ◽  
B. Hernández-Cruz ◽  
P. Muñoz Reinoso ◽  
V. Merino Bohóquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Disease Modifying Drugs ◽  
Secondary Failure ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Common Clinical Practice

Background:Rituximab (RTX) is a monoclonal antibody against the CD20 B cell antigen that has been used successfully in recent years for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It is an effective drug that reaches survival rates of 60% at 5 years of treatment as reflected in the British experience. However, survival in Spanish patients is unknown.Objectives:To study the survival of RTX treatment and the characteristics of patients with RA treated with the drug since its commercialization in Spain.Methods:Observational, retrospective and analytical study of a cohort of patients with RA treated with at least one dose of RTX. We reviewed the medical records of all patients with RA from January 2007 to June 2017. A total of 178 previous defined variables were collected, highlighting data about treatment (use of RTX, associated conventional synthetic disease modifying drugs [FAMEsc], doses of corticosteroids [GC] used) and activity indices. Descriptive statistics were performed (median and the 25th and 75th percentiles are shown). The comparative analysis was done with χ2 and U of Mann Whitney for categorical variables and paired sign rank test or Student’s t for continuous. Survival Kaplan Mayer curves were constructed. The study was carried out in accordance with the standards of our Clinical Research Ethics Committee.Results:A total of 54 patients were analyzed. 74% (n = 40) of them were women, the age was 61.2 years (51.0 - 67.4). 74% (n = 40) presented some type of relevant comorbidity. Its RA was FR + in 96% (n = 52) and ACCP + in 78% (n = 42) of the cases, with an evolution time of 9.3 years (3.5-19, 2), and with radiographic erosions in up to 63% (n = 34). At the time of the start of the RTX, 100% of the patients (n = 54) received some FAMEsc, and 33 (61%) were treated with prednisone; the daily dose of prednisone was 9 (6-12) mg. The baseline DAS28-VSG was 5 (4.1 - 6.0). The duration of the follow-up was 56.6 (29.3-92.1) months. Patients received a mean of 5 (1-6) cycles of RTX at a dose of 1000 mg on days 0 and 15 in most cases. The final DAS28-VSG was 2.6 (2.1 - 4.0), p = 0.00001 compared to baseline. The delta between baseline and final DAS was -2.36 (-0.55 - -3.1). At the end of the RTX treatment, the EULAR response rate was good in 64% (n = 25), reaching remission in 17 (31%) of the patients, and moderate response in 21% (n = 8) of them (Figure 1). Only 2 (4%) patients were treated with GCC at the end of the follow-up, p<0,00001 compared to baseline. The daily dose of PDN at the end of follow-up was 6 mg in a case and 12 mg in the other, p=00001 compared to baseline. At the end of the follow-up 24%of the patients (n = 13) changed or discontinued the drug: 9 changed due to secondary failure, 2 suspended due to adverse events, 1 due to death due to prior neoplastic process and 1 due to complete disease remission. Survival at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 years was 92%, 92%, 82% 78%, 75%, 75% and 65% respectively; with a mean survival rate of 90 months (Figure 1).Conclusion:The results of our analysis show that patients with RA undergoing RTX treatment have adequate control of disease activity and drug survival rates, like published data. RTX treatment allowed stopped GCC treatment in 31 cases (90%).References:[1]Oldroyd AGS, et al. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2018 Jun 1;57(6):1089-1096.Disclosure of Interests:Gonzalo Jurado Quijano: None declared, Lola Fernández de la Fuente Bursón: None declared, Blanca Hernández-Cruz Speakers bureau: Sociedad Española de Reumatología, Abbvie, Roche, Bristol, MSD, Lilly, Pfizer, Amgen, Sanofi, Consultant of: Abbvie, Lilly, Sanofi, STADA, UCB, Amgen, Grant/research support from: Fundación para la Investigación Sevilla, Junta de Andalucía, Fundación Andaluza de Reumatología, Paloma Muñoz Reinoso: None declared, Vicente Merino Bohóquez: None declared, José Javier Pérez Venegas: None declared

scholarly journals D-Propranolol Impairs EGFR Trafficking and Destabilizes Mutant p53 Counteracting AKT Signaling and Tumor Malignancy

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3622
Author(s):  
Jonathan Barra ◽  
Javier Cerda-Infante ◽  
Lisette Sandoval ◽  
Patricia Gajardo-Meneses ◽  
Jenny F. Henriquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Akt Signaling ◽  
Single Daily Dose ◽  
Mutant P53 ◽  
Inhibitory Pathway ◽  
Recycling Endosomes ◽  
Oncogenic Pathways ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

Cancer therapy may be improved by the simultaneous interference of two or more oncogenic pathways contributing to tumor progression and aggressiveness, such as EGFR and p53. Tumor cells expressing gain-of-function (GOF) mutants of p53 (mutp53) are usually resistant to EGFR inhibitors and display invasive migration and AKT-mediated survival associated with enhanced EGFR recycling. D-Propranolol (D-Prop), the non-beta blocker enantiomer of propranolol, was previously shown to induce EGFR internalization through a PKA inhibitory pathway that blocks the recycling of the receptor. Here, we first show that D-Prop decreases the levels of EGFR at the surface of GOF mutp53 cells, relocating the receptor towards recycling endosomes, both in the absence of ligand and during stimulation with high concentrations of EGF or TGF-α. D-Prop also inactivates AKT signaling and reduces the invasive migration and viability of these mutp53 cells. Unexpectedly, mutp53 protein, which is stabilized by interaction with the chaperone HSP90 and mediates cell oncogenic addiction, becomes destabilized after D-Prop treatment. HSP90 phosphorylation by PKA and its interaction with mutp53 are decreased by D-Prop, releasing mutp53 towards proteasomal degradation. Furthermore, a single daily dose of D-Prop reproduces most of these effects in xenografts of aggressive gallbladder cancerous G-415 cells expressing GOF R282W mutp53, resulting in reduced tumor growth and extended mice survival. D-Prop then emerges as an old drug endowed with a novel therapeutic potential against EGFR- and mutp53-driven tumor traits that are common to a large variety of cancers.

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