scholarly journals Fetally‐injected drugs for immobilization and analgesia do not modify fetal brain development in a rabbit model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lennart Van der Veeken ◽  
Annalisa Inversetti ◽  
Angela Galgano ◽  
Tom Bleeser ◽  
Ioannis Papastefanou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Development ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Fetal Brain Development

scholarly journals 103: Fetal brain development after maternal surgery in a rabbit model

2019 ◽  
Vol 220 (1) ◽  
pp. S82-S83
Author(s):  
Lennart W. Van der Veeken ◽  
Johannes L. Van der Merwe ◽  
Annalisa Inversetti ◽  
Angela Galgano ◽  
Tom Bleeser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Development ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Fetal Brain Development

scholarly journals OC02.10: Fetal medication does not modify fetal brain development in a rabbit model

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (S1) ◽  
pp. 7-7
Author(s):  
L. Van der Veeken ◽  
A. Inversetti ◽  
A. Galgano ◽  
T. Bleeser ◽  
I. Papastefanou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Development ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Fetal Brain Development

Effects of Maternal Abdominal Surgery on Fetal Brain Development in the Rabbit Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-200
Author(s):  
Tom Bleeser ◽  
Lennart Van Der Veeken ◽  
Sarah Devroe ◽  
Simen Vergote ◽  
Doaa Emam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Surgery ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Fetal Mortality ◽  
Fetal Survival ◽  
Surgery Group ◽  
Fetal Brain Development ◽  
Secondary Outcomes

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Anesthesia during pregnancy can impair fetal neurodevelopment, but effects of surgery remain unknown. The aim is to investigate effects of abdominal surgery on fetal brain development. Hypothesis is that surgery impairs outcome. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Pregnant rabbits were randomized at 28 days of gestation to 2 h of general anesthesia (sevoflurane group, <i>n</i> = 6) or to anesthesia plus laparoscopic appendectomy (surgery group, <i>n</i> = 13). On postnatal day 1, neurobehavior of pups was assessed and brains harvested. Primary outcome was neuron density in the frontal cortex, and secondary outcomes included neurobehavioral assessment and other histological parameters. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Fetal survival was lower in the surgery group: 54 versus 100% litters alive at birth (<i>p</i> = 0.0442). In alive litters, pup survival until harvesting was 50 versus 69% (<i>p</i> = 0.0352). No differences were observed for primary outcome (<i>p</i> = 0.5114) for surviving pups. Neuron densities were significantly lower in the surgery group in the caudate nucleus (<i>p</i> = 0.0180), but not different in other regions. No differences were observed for secondary outcomes. Conclusions did not change after adjustment for mortality. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Abdominal surgery in pregnant rabbits at a gestational age corresponding to the end of human second trimester results in limited neurohistological changes but not in neurobehavioral impairments. High intrauterine mortality limits translation to clinical scenario, where fetal mortality is close to zero.

New normal range of fetal cavum septum pellucidum in the second trimester of gestation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.V. Medvedev, O.I. Kozlova, À.Yu. Romanova
Keyword(s):  
Brain Development ◽  
Reference Range ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Septum Pellucidum ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Cavum Septum Pellucidum ◽  
New Normal ◽  
Biparietal Diameter ◽  
Fetal Brain Development

Fetal brain was retrospectively evaluated in 418 normal fetuses at 16–28 weeks of gestation. The multiplanar mode to obtain the axial cerebral plane and measured the width of the cavum septum pellucidum (CSP) and biparietal diameter (BD). All measurements of CSP were done from as the widest diameter across both borders in an inter-to inter fashion. The CSP width is increasing at second trimester of gestation. Normal range plotted on the reference range (mean, 5th and 95th percentiles) of fetal width CSP by measuring of its size may be useful for assessment of fetal brain development in the second trimester of gestation.

scholarly journals CB1 antagonism increases excitatory synaptogenesis in a cortical spheroid model of fetal brain development

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Papariello ◽  
David Taylor ◽  
Ken Soderstrom ◽  
Karen Litwa
Keyword(s):  
Brain Development ◽  
Spontaneous Activity ◽  
Microelectrode Array ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptor ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Nervous System Development ◽  
Inhibitory Synapses ◽  
Fetal Brain Development

AbstractThe endocannabinoid system (ECS) plays a complex role in the development of neural circuitry during fetal brain development. The cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) controls synaptic strength at both excitatory and inhibitory synapses and thus contributes to the balance of excitatory and inhibitory signaling. Imbalances in the ratio of excitatory to inhibitory synapses have been implicated in various neuropsychiatric disorders associated with dysregulated central nervous system development including autism spectrum disorder, epilepsy, and schizophrenia. The role of CB1 in human brain development has been difficult to study but advances in induced pluripotent stem cell technology have allowed us to model the fetal brain environment. Cortical spheroids resemble the cortex of the dorsal telencephalon during mid-fetal gestation and possess functional synapses, spontaneous activity, an astrocyte population, and pseudo-laminar organization. We first characterized the ECS using STORM microscopy and observed synaptic localization of components similar to that which is observed in the fetal brain. Next, using the CB1-selective antagonist SR141716A, we observed an increase in excitatory, and to a lesser extent, inhibitory synaptogenesis as measured by confocal image analysis. Further, CB1 antagonism increased the variability of spontaneous activity within developing neural networks, as measured by microelectrode array. Overall, we have established that cortical spheroids express ECS components and are thus a useful model for exploring endocannabinoid mediation of childhood neuropsychiatric disease.

scholarly journals Neuroplacentology in congenital heart disease: placental connections to neurodevelopmental outcomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel L. Leon ◽  
Imran N. Mir ◽  
Christina L. Herrera ◽  
Kavita Sharma ◽  
Catherine Y. Spong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Development ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Brain Growth ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
Fetal Brain Development ◽  
And Function

Abstract Children with congenital heart disease (CHD) are living longer due to effective medical and surgical management. However, the majority have neurodevelopmental delays or disorders. The role of the placenta in fetal brain development is unclear and is the focus of an emerging field known as neuroplacentology. In this review, we summarize neurodevelopmental outcomes in CHD and their brain imaging correlates both in utero and postnatally. We review differences in the structure and function of the placenta in pregnancies complicated by fetal CHD and introduce the concept of a placental inefficiency phenotype that occurs in severe forms of fetal CHD, characterized by a myriad of pathologies. We propose that in CHD placental dysfunction contributes to decreased fetal cerebral oxygen delivery resulting in poor brain growth, brain abnormalities, and impaired neurodevelopment. We conclude the review with key areas for future research in neuroplacentology in the fetal CHD population, including (1) differences in structure and function of the CHD placenta, (2) modifiable and nonmodifiable factors that impact the hemodynamic balance between placental and cerebral circulations, (3) interventions to improve placental function and protect brain development in utero, and (4) the role of genetic and epigenetic influences on the placenta–heart–brain connection. Impact Neuroplacentology seeks to understand placental connections to fetal brain development. In fetuses with CHD, brain growth abnormalities begin in utero. Placental microstructure as well as perfusion and function are abnormal in fetal CHD.

Fetal brain development of twins assessed in utero by ultrasound: implications for schizophrenia

1996 ◽  
Vol 19 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 141-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Gilmore ◽  
Diana O. Perkins ◽  
Mark A. Kliewer ◽  
Marvin L. Hage ◽  
Susan G. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Development ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Fetal Brain Development

scholarly journals Methylomic trajectories across human fetal brain development

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Spiers ◽  
Eilis Hannon ◽  
Leonard C. Schalkwyk ◽  
Rebecca Smith ◽  
Chloe C.Y. Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Development ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Human Fetal Brain ◽  
Fetal Brain Development
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