scholarly journals Sex selection and non‐invasive prenatal testing: A review of current practices, evidence, and ethical issues

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 398-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary Bowman‐Smart ◽  
Julian Savulescu ◽  
Christopher Gyngell ◽  
Cara Mand ◽  
Martin B. Delatycki
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Prenatal Testing ◽  
Sex Selection ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Current Practices

Ethical Issues Relating to Prenatal Genetic Testing

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 141-141
Author(s):  
Adeline Perrot ◽  
◽  
Ruth Horn ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Prenatal Testing ◽  
Chromosomal Anomalies ◽  
Reproductive Choice ◽  
Clinical Implementation ◽  
Policy Document ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Second Tier ◽  
Routine Antenatal Care

"Introduction: Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) is a rapidly developing genomic technology that is constantly widening its scope and opening up new possibilities in reproductive medicine. Ten years after NIPT has been made commercially available, it is increasingly entering routine antenatal care as either a first- or second-tier test. In England, France and Germany, for example, NIPT has been made available free-of-charge as a second-tier test to women with a higher chance of common chromosomal anomalies. The clinical implementation of NIPT carries benefits but also raises important ethical questions. Our project analyses these questions within their specific contexts in England, France and Germany. Methods: As part of a wider research project, which will involve qualitative methods, we conducted a document analysis to compare arguments about, and regulations governing NIPT in the three countries in: law and policy document; public reports; medical press; academic literature; and media. Results: Despite the similarities between the three countries to offer NIPT as a second-tier screening tool, they exhibit differences with regard to their public discourses about prenatal genomics, screening policies, the risk-thresholds they use, professional regulations and laws. These differences have an impact on the way ethical issues emerge, and questions about the meaning of health, illness and disability, the scope of public health interventions, social inclusion and exclusion as well as reproductive choice are approached in each country. "

Making use of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT): rethinking issues of routinization and pressure

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina Schöne-Seifert ◽  
Chiara Junker
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Prenatal Testing ◽  
Educational Goal ◽  
Reproductive Autonomy ◽  
Freedom Of Choice ◽  
Reproductive Freedom ◽  
Vague Term ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Liberal Societies

Abstract First mapping the main ethical issues surrounding prenatal testing, we then analyze which concerns are specific to non-invasive methods. Presupposing the privatization premise for reproductive autonomy in fundamentally liberal societies, we go on to specify common concerns about non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) covered by the term ‘routinization’, and conceptually unravel the frequently expressed worry of increasing ‘pressure’ to test and/or terminate affected pregnancies. We argue that mindful decision-making should be a key educational goal (not only) of NIPT counseling which could be achieved through stepwise disclosure. In addition, we identify indirect social pressure as the most plausible threat to reproductive freedom. While continuous efforts need to be made to prevent such pressure – not least by ensuring balanced availability of options –, restricting testing options, and thus freedom of choice, cannot be the answer to this concern. Lastly, we suggest abandoning the vague term ‘routinization’ and instead focusing on specified concerns to enable a fruitful debate.

scholarly journals Access to Prenatal Testing and Ethically Informed Counselling in Germany, Poland and Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 937
Author(s):  
Marcin Orzechowski ◽  
Cristian Timmermann ◽  
Katarzyna Woniak ◽  
Oxana Kosenko ◽  
Galina Lvovna Mikirtichan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Pregnancy Termination ◽  
Prenatal Testing ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Expectant Mothers ◽  
Or Organization

The development of new methods in the field of prenatal testing leads to an expansion of information that needs to be provided to expectant mothers. The aim of this research is to explore opinions and attitudes of gynecologists in Germany, Poland and Russia towards access to prenatal testing and diagnostics in these countries. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with n = 18 gynecologists in Germany, Poland and Russia. The interviews were analyzed using the methods of content analysis and thematic analysis. Visible in all three countries is a connection of prenatal medicine with the politically and socially contentious issue of pregnancy termination. Respondents in Poland and Russia concentrated on the topic of inadequate resources. Quality of information for expectant mothers is an important point in all three countries. Only in Germany was the issue of language barriers in communication raised. With regard to non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) respondents in Germany focused on the ethical issues of routinization of testing; in Poland and Russia they concentrated on fair access to NIPT. Challenges in all three countries arise from structural factors such as imprecise and prohibitive regulations, lack of resources or organization of healthcare services. These should be addressed on a political and medico-ethical level.

scholarly journals Non-invasive prenatal testing: ethical issues explored

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antina de Jong ◽  
Wybo J Dondorp ◽  
Christine E M de Die-Smulders ◽  
Suzanne G M Frints ◽  
Guido M W R de Wert
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Prenatal Testing ◽  
Non Invasive

scholarly journals Non-invasive prenatal testing for fetal chromosome abnormalities: review of clinical and ethical issues

2016 ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Gekas ◽  
Sylvie Langlois ◽  
Vardit Ravitsky ◽  
François Audibert ◽  
David van den Berg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Prenatal Testing ◽  
Chromosome Abnormalities ◽  
Non Invasive

Moving Towards Routine Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT): Challenges Related to Women’s Autonomy

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislav Birko ◽  
◽  
Marie-Eve Lemoine ◽  
Minh Thu Nguyen ◽  
Vardit Ravitsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Testing ◽  
Women’S Autonomy ◽  
Women's Autonomy ◽  
Non Invasive
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