Pituitary disorders as a predictor of apathy and executive dysfunction in adult survivors of childhood brain tumors

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 2019-2025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle E. Fox ◽  
Tricia Z. King
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Adult Survivors ◽  
Childhood Brain Tumors

The Neurological Predictor Scale Predicts Adaptive Functioning via Executive Dysfunction in Young Adult Survivors of Childhood Brain Tumor

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Rella J. Kautiainen ◽  
Michelle E. Fox ◽  
Tricia Z. King
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Adaptive Functioning ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Adult Survivors ◽  
Childhood Brain Tumors ◽  
Young Adult Survivors ◽  
Frontal Systems

Abstract Objectives: Survivors of childhood brain tumors experience neurological sequelae that disrupt everyday adaptive functioning (AF) skills. The Neurological Predictor Scale (NPS), a cumulative measure of tumor treatments and sequelae, predicts cognitive outcomes, but findings on its relation to informant-reported executive dysfunction (ED) and AF are mixed. Given known effects of frontal-subcortical system disruptions on AF, this study assessed the NPS’ relationship with AF as mediated by frontal systems dysfunction, measured by the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale (FrSBe). Methods: 75 participants (Mage = 23.5, SDage = 4.5) were young adult survivors of childhood brain tumors at least 5 years past diagnosis. FrSBe and Scales of Independent Behavior-Revised (SIB-R), a measure of AF, were administered to informants. Parallel multiple mediator models included Apathy and ED as mediators, and age at diagnosis and time between diagnosis and assessment as covariates. Results: More complex treatment and sequelae were correlated with poorer functioning. Mediation models were significant for all subscales: Motor Skills (MS), p = .0001; Social Communication (SC), p = .002; Personal Living (PL), p = .004; Community Living (CL), p = .007. The indirect effect of ED on SC and CL was significant; the indirect effect of Apathy was not significant for any subscales. Conclusions: More complex tumor treatment and sequelae were associated with poorer long-term AF via increased ED. Cognitive rehabilitation programs may focus on the role of executive function and initiation that contribute to AF, particularly SC and CL skills, to help survivors achieve comparable levels of independence in everyday function as their peers.

scholarly journals Radiation-induced accelerated aging of the brain vasculature in young adult survivors of childhood brain tumors

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-427
Author(s):  
Tiina Maria Remes ◽  
Maria Helena Suo-Palosaari ◽  
Päivi K T Koskenkorva ◽  
Anna K Sutela ◽  
Sanna-Maria Toiviainen-Salo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Small Vessel Disease ◽  
Adult Survivors ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Childhood Brain Tumors ◽  
Lacunar Infarcts ◽  
Vessel Disease ◽  
Young Adult Survivors

Abstract Background Cranial radiotherapy may damage the cerebral vasculature. The aim of this study was to understand the prevalence and risk factors of cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) in childhood brain tumors (CBT) survivors treated with radiotherapy. Methods Seventy CBT survivors who received radiotherapy were enrolled in a cross-sectional study at a median 20 years after radiotherapy cessation. The prevalence of and risk factors for CVD were investigated using MRI, MRA, and laboratory testing. Tumors, their treatment, and stroke-related data were retrieved from patients’ files. Results Forty-four individuals (63%) had CVD at a median age of 27 years (range, 16-43 years). The prevalence rates at 20 years for CVD, small-vessel disease, and large-vessel disease were 52%, 38%, and 16%, respectively. Ischemic infarcts were diagnosed in 6 survivors, and cerebral hemorrhage in 2. Lacunar infarcts were present in 7, periventricular or deep WMHs in 34 (49%), and mineralizing microangiopathy in 21 (30%) survivors. Multiple pathologies were detected in 44% of the participants, and most lesions were located in a high-dose radiation area. Higher blood pressure was associated with CVD and a presence of WMHs. Higher cholesterol levels increased the risk of ischemic infarcts and WMHs, and lower levels of high-density lipoprotein and higher waist circumference increased the risk of lacunar infarcts. Conclusions Treating CBTs with radiotherapy increases the risk of early CVD and WMHs in young adult survivors. These results suggest an urgent need for investigating CVD prevention in CBT patients.

scholarly journals Neurocognitive and Family Functioning and Quality of Life Among Young Adult Survivors of Childhood Brain Tumors

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 942-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew C. Hocking ◽  
Wendy L. Hobbie ◽  
Janet A. Deatrick ◽  
Matthew S. Lucas ◽  
Margo M. Szabo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Family Functioning ◽  
Adult Survivors ◽  
Childhood Brain Tumors ◽  
Young Adult Survivors

scholarly journals Neural Underpinnings of Working Memory in Adult Survivors of Childhood Brain Tumors

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 494-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tricia Z. King ◽  
Sabrina Na ◽  
Hui Mao
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Posterior Fossa ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Adult Survivors ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Bold Response ◽  
Childhood Brain Tumors

AbstractAdult survivors of childhood brain tumors are at risk for cognitive performance deficits that require the core cognitive skill of working memory. Our goal was to examine the neural mechanisms underlying working memory performance in survivors. We studied the working memory of adult survivors of pediatric posterior fossa brain tumors using a letter n-back paradigm with varying cognitive workload (0-, 1-, 2-, and 3-back) and functional magnetic resonance imaging as well as neuropsychological measures. Survivors of childhood brain tumors evidenced lower working memory performance than demographically matched healthy controls. Whole-brain analyses revealed significantly greater blood-oxygen level dependent (BOLD) activation in the left superior / middle frontal gyri and left parietal lobe during working memory (2-back versus 0-back contrast) in survivors. Left frontal BOLD response negatively correlated with 2- and 3-back working memory performance, Auditory Consonant Trigrams (ACT), and Digit Span Backwards. In contrast, parietal lobe BOLD response negatively correlated with 0-back (vigilance task) and ACT. The results revealed that adult survivors of childhood posterior fossa brain tumors recruited additional cognitive control resources in the prefrontal lobe during increased working memory demands. This increased prefrontal activation is associated with lower working memory performance and is consistent with the allocation of latent resources theory. (JINS, 2015, 21, 494–505)

scholarly journals Physical performance limitations among adult survivors of childhood brain tumors

Cancer ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (12) ◽  
pp. 3034-3044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten K. Ness ◽  
E. Brannon Morris ◽  
Vikki G. Nolan ◽  
Carrie R. Howell ◽  
Laura S. Gilchrist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Adult Survivors ◽  
Childhood Brain Tumors ◽  
Performance Limitations

Endocrine and cardiovascular late effects among adult survivors of childhood brain tumors

Cancer ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 663-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
James G. Gurney ◽  
Nina S. Kadan-Lottick ◽  
Roger J. Packer ◽  
Joseph P. Neglia ◽  
Charles A. Sklar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Late Effects ◽  
Adult Survivors ◽  
Childhood Brain Tumors

Suicide ideation in pediatric and adult survivors of childhood brain tumors

2013 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara M. Brinkman ◽  
Cori C. Liptak ◽  
Brian L. Delaney ◽  
Christine A. Chordas ◽  
Anna C. Muriel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Adult Survivors ◽  
Childhood Brain Tumors

scholarly journals Meaning Making and Religious Engagement Among Survivors of Childhood Brain Tumors and Their Caregivers

2019 ◽  
pp. 170-184
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Adult Survivors ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult ◽  
Childhood Brain Tumors ◽  
Religious Engagement ◽  
Young Adult Survivors

Purpose: To describe how adolescent and young adult survivors and their mother-caregivers ascribe meaning to their post–brain tumor survivorship experience, with a focus on sense making and benefit findings and intersections with religious engagement. Participants & Setting: Adolescent and young adult survivors of childhood brain tumors and their families, living in their community settings. Methodologic Approach: Secondary analysis of simultaneous and separate individual, semistructured interviews of the 40 matched dyads (80 total interviews) occurred using conventional content analysis across and within dyads. Meaning is interpreted through narrative profiles of expectations for function and independence. Findings: Participants made sense of the brain tumor diagnosis by finding benefits and nonbenefits unique to their experiences. Meaning was framed in either nonreligious or religious terms. Implications for Nursing: Acknowledging positive meaning alongside negative or neutral meaning could enhance interactions with survivors, caregivers, and their families. Exploring the meaning of their experiences may help them to reconstruct meaning and reframe post-tumor realities through being heard and validated.

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