Mathematics development and difficulties: The role of visual-spatial perception and other cognitive skills

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (10) ◽  
pp. 1729-1733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia A. Barnes ◽  
Kimberly P. Raghubar
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Spatial Perception ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Mathematics Development

Working Memory and Number Sense as Predictors of Mathematical (Dis-)Ability

2015 ◽  
Vol 223 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn H. Kroesbergen ◽  
Marloes van Dijk
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Number Sense ◽  
Mathematical Learning ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Mathematical Learning Disabilities ◽  
Visual Spatial Working Memory ◽  
And Mathematics

Recent research has pointed to two possible causes of mathematical (dis-)ability: working memory and number sense, although only few studies have compared the relations between working memory and mathematics and between number sense and mathematics. In this study, both constructs were studied in relation to mathematics in general, and to mathematical learning disabilities (MLD) in particular. The sample consisted of 154 children aged between 6 and 10 years, including 26 children with MLD. Children performing low on either number sense or visual-spatial working memory scored lower on math tests than children without such a weakness. Children with a double weakness scored the lowest. These results confirm the important role of both visual-spatial working memory and number sense in mathematical development.

scholarly journals Extended parenting and the evolution of cognition

2020 ◽  
Vol 375 (1803) ◽  
pp. 20190495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Uomini ◽  
Joanna Fairlie ◽  
Russell D. Gray ◽  
Michael Griesser
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Brain Size ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Cultural Learning

Traditional attempts to understand the evolution of human cognition compare humans with other primates. This research showed that relative brain size covaries with cognitive skills, while adaptations that buffer the developmental and energetic costs of large brains (e.g. allomaternal care), and ecological or social benefits of cognitive abilities, are critical for their evolution. To understand the drivers of cognitive adaptations, it is profitable to consider distant lineages with convergently evolved cognitions. Here, we examine the facilitators of cognitive evolution in corvid birds, where some species display cultural learning, with an emphasis on family life. We propose that extended parenting (protracted parent–offspring association) is pivotal in the evolution of cognition: it combines critical life-history, social and ecological conditions allowing for the development and maintenance of cognitive skillsets that confer fitness benefits to individuals. This novel hypothesis complements the extended childhood idea by considering the parents' role in juvenile development. Using phylogenetic comparative analyses, we show that corvids have larger body sizes, longer development times, extended parenting and larger relative brain sizes than other passerines. Case studies from two corvid species with different ecologies and social systems highlight the critical role of life-history features on juveniles’ cognitive development: extended parenting provides a safe haven, access to tolerant role models, reliable learning opportunities and food, resulting in higher survival. The benefits of extended juvenile learning periods, over evolutionary time, lead to selection for expanded cognitive skillsets. Similarly, in our ancestors, cooperative breeding and increased group sizes facilitated learning and teaching. Our analyses highlight the critical role of life-history, ecological and social factors that underlie both extended parenting and expanded cognitive skillsets. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Life history and learning: how childhood, caregiving and old age shape cognition and culture in humans and other animals’.

The effect of workload, work experience and inclined standing surface on visual spatial perception: Fall potential/prevention implications

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-259
Author(s):  
Laurel Kincl ◽  
Amit Bhattacharya ◽  
Paul Succop ◽  
Angshuman Bagchee
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
Spatial Perception ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Industrial Workers ◽  
Job Experience ◽  
Horizontal Orientation ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Visual Inputs ◽  
Inclined Surfaces ◽  
Main Effects

Maintenance of upright balance involves interplay between sensory (somatosensory, vestibular and visual) inputs and neuro-motor outputs. Visual spatial perception (VSP) of vertical and horizontal orientation plays a significant role in the maintenance of upright balance. For this experiment, a custom designed computer program randomly generated 42 images of horizontal and vertical lines at various angles for 60 industrial workers (39 ± 9.8 years). Half of the workers had more than three years of experience working on inclined and/or elevated surfaces. The main effects investigated included within subject factors of standing surface inclination (0°, 14° and 26°), job experience (number of months), and postural workload (0%, 50% or 100%). The VSP outcome measure was the count of correct responses to the angles presented. The inclination did not have a significant effect on VSP, but the parameter estimates indicated less correct responses on the inclined surfaces. The postural workload significantly affected the VSP, indicating that with increased workload, less correct responses were given. Finally, job experience was found to improve VSP response scores. In summary, these results indicate that job experience increases accurate VSP, while workloads and inclined work surfaces decrease accurate VSP responses.

scholarly journals A unique role of endogenous visual-spatial attention in rapid processing of multiple targets.

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 1065-1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Guzman-Martinez ◽  
Marcia Grabowecky ◽  
German Palafox ◽  
Satoru Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Multiple Targets ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
Visual Spatial Attention ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Rapid Processing

ON THE ISSUE OF SPATIAL PERCEPTION IN ADOLESCENTS WITH SCHIZOTYPAL PERSONALITY DISORDER: NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ксения Николаевна Кладкова ◽  
Алексей Анатольевич Сергиенко
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Spatial Perception ◽  
Mental Activity ◽  
Schizotypal Personality Disorder ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Visual Spatial

Отклонения от нормативного созревания мозга в подростковом возрасте связанные с нейрокогнитивным дизонтогенезом, порождаемым психическими нарушениями, могут приводить к нарушениям формирования пространственного фактора. Выявлены особенности зрительно-пространственного и квази-пространственного восприятия у подростков с шизотипическим расстройством личности (F21). Disorders of the spatial organization of mental activity are observed in neurocognitive dysontogenesis associated with mental disorders. The features of visual-spatial and quasi-spatial perception in adolescents with schizotypal personality disorder (F21) were revealed.

The potential role of relatives in designing person-centred assistive technologies (innovative practice)

Dementia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 3161-3164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudi Coetzer
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Design ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Assistive Technologies ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Innovative Practice ◽  
The Impact

The paper explores the important role of relatives in designing assistive technologies in collaboration with practitioners. A brief case study reports the collaborative design of a 24-hour clock to reduce the impact of visual–spatial impairment on a family member's ability to read time and prevent temporal disorientation.

scholarly journals Social Role of the Librarians of the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline da Rosa Ferreira Becker
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Social Roles ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Everyday Practices ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
Educational Institute ◽  
The Social ◽  
Education Science

The study was carried out through the theoretical foundation about the conceptions and objectives of the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, and also on the social role of the librarians of this educational institute. These Federal Institutes were created in Brazil in 2009 and they offer basic and higher education. This study aims at investigating, analyzing, and understanding if the librarians of the Federal Institutes of Education, Science, and Technology recognize their social roles as professionals that can contribute to the development of cognitive skills with regards to the information in the library’s users. A case study was carried out with all the librarians of the Federal Institutes and questionnaires were the method used for collecting data. It should be noted in the librarians’ answers that they recognize their social roles, and they act according to what they recognize. In their everyday practices, these librarians try to minimize the difficulties that the library’s users face in relation to the search, location, use, assessment, dissemination, and understanding of information.

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