scholarly journals Tumor‐immune landscape patterns before and after chemoradiation in resectable esophageal adenocarcinomas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya T.D. Soeratram ◽  
Aafke Creemers ◽  
Sybren L. Meijer ◽  
Onno J. Boer ◽  
Wim Vos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Patterns ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Resectable Esophageal

The effect of the 2019 eruption on the Island of Stromboli (Aeolian Islands UNESCO site, Italy).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnese Turchi ◽  
Federico Di Traglia ◽  
Tania Luti ◽  
Iacopo Zetti ◽  
Riccardo Fanti
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Volcanic Activity ◽  
Landscape Patterns ◽  
Social Investigation ◽  
Aeolian Islands ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Geomorphological Evolution ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sentinel 2

<p>Stromboli island (Italy) provides an outstanding record of volcanic island geomorphological evolution, and of ongoing volcanic phenomena with the example of the “Strombolian” types of eruption. The vegetation of Stromboli includes endemic species, some of which are exclusive to the Aeolian Islands. The western side of the island is characterized by olive trees that were cultivated by exploiting terraces up to high altitudes. All this makes an unique landscape, results of interaction between volcanic activity, geomorphological evolution, and traditional land management. Wildfires at the island of Stromboli are common phenomena related to the fallout of incandescent material on vegetation. Wildfires with small extensions are usually generated by explosions more intense “major” explosions, while large-scale wildfire have been triggered by larger scale activity, called “paroxysms”.</p><p>On 3<sup>rd</sup> July 2019 a paroxysm without long-term precursors has occurred, followed by lava flows from a vent localized in the SW crater area and sporadically from the NE one. Afterwards, on 28<sup>th</sup> August 2019, a new paroxysmal explosion has occurred followed by strong volcanic activity, culminating with a lava flow from the SW-Central crater area.</p><p>This study is focusing on environmental aftermath of the 2019 Stromboli eruptions. The analysis of Land Cover (LC) and Land Use (LU) changes is used to describe the impact on the environment of the island. The detection of impacted areas is mainly based on the integration of very high-spatial-resolution PLEIADES-1, moderate-spatial-resolution SENTINEL-2 satellite imagery, and field surveys. Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and Relativized Burn Ratio (RBR) were used to map the areas covered by fires. NBR easily allows to easily identify the areas impacted by wildfire and the degree of severity of the damage. This index is calculated on two SENTINEL-2 images acquired on different dates before and after the fire (after a not excessively high number of days, especially if the area affected by the fire consists mainly of pasture or low bush). RBR is obtained as the difference between the NBR index of the images acquired before and after the event. LC and LU classifications has involved the detection of new classes whose details have been calibrated on different reduction scales from 1:2.000 to 1:10.000, following the environmental units that made up the Strombolian landscape. New LC and LU classifications are the result of the intersection between classes of CORINE Land Cover project (CLC) and local landscape patterns. Field survey has been useful to conduce semi-structured interviews to the local population; the purpose of the social investigation was to collect detailed and direct information about damages.</p><p>The most impacted areas by tephra fallout are located in the south-western and southern part of the island, nearby the village of Ginostra. The results of multi-temporal comparison show that fire-damaged areas amount to 39% of the total area of the island. Artificial areas have not been particularly impacted (max 14% of decrease), whereas agricultural and semi-natural vegetated areas show a much more consistent decrease of 34% and 81%, respectively.</p>

scholarly journals Perceptions of landscape patterns: Do the numbers count?

2000 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. D'Eon ◽  
Susan M. Glenn
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Landscape Metrics ◽  
Landscape Pattern ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Landscape Fragmentation ◽  
Landscape Patterns ◽  
Relative Efficacy ◽  
Patch Shape ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Patch Density

Human perception and intuition can powerfully influence how we measure and interpret landscape pattern. We compared human perception with more quantitative measures to determine their relative efficacy in arriving at conclusions about landscape pattern. We surveyed 30 professional workshop participants and 38 undergraduate students for their perception of landscape fragmentation before and after calculating a suite of landscape metrics. Participants' perception of fragmentation was most correlated with number of patches, patch density, and patch shape. Most participants retained their original intuitive response after calculating indices. We suggest that a lack of meaningful quantitative expressions for absolute landscape structure will continue to result in a dependence on intuitive human perception for management of landscape pattern. Key words: landscape pattern, forest fragmentation, perception, landscape metrics, forest management

scholarly journals LAND USE/LAND COVER ASSESSMENT IN A SEISMICALLY ACTIVE REGION IN KUNDASANG, SABAH

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-4/W16 ◽  
pp. 433-440
Author(s):  
N. A. Mohd Kamal ◽  
K. A. Razak ◽  
S. Rambat
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Active Region ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Landscape Patterns ◽  
Object Based ◽  
Important Benefit ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Land Use Development ◽  
Mountainous Landscape

Abstract. Land use development in the mountainous environment must be risk-informed especially in the area highly vulnerable to disaster and extreme climate. Kundasang, Sabah, Malaysia is one of the tourist-demanding areas characterized by mountainous landscape and agriculture activity. The increasing number of tourists and agriculture activity affects the land use exploration. This area is vulnerable to geohazards such as earthquakes and landslides due to its location under seismically active region and complex geological environment. In this study, geospatial technique was used to assess the land use activity in Kundasang, Sabah pertaining to geological risk in this area. The assessment started with the identification of geohazard activities and its associated tectonic features using field investigation and mapping for coherent visualization. Subsequently, multiple high-resolution satellite imageries were used to detect land use changes before and after the disaster. In order to detect the land use change, object-based change detection was applied based on segmentation and object-based classification compared to the classical pixel-based method. The output of this study shows a number of field evidences associated with geohazard features that affecting the land use activities especially build-up area and agriculture land. In conclusion, the combined results provide an important benefit for better understanding the interaction between geohazard activity and landscape patterns in order to support the planning and decision making through spatial analysis and appropriate object-based processing method.

Land Consolidation-Induced Effects on Local Landscape Patterns in Hilly and Mountainous Southwestern China

2011 ◽  
Vol 356-360 ◽  
pp. 2980-2990
Author(s):  
Fang Ling Fan ◽  
Chao Fu Wei ◽  
Shuai Yin
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Landscape Pattern ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Landscape Patterns ◽  
Land Consolidation ◽  
Southwestern China ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Land Consolidation Project

Land Consolidation Project (LCP), as a kind of drastic disturbance by human intentional activities, significantly changes landscape pattern. The information of landscape pattern from land-use map and planning map (scale: 1:2000) were extracted by taking the land consolidation project in hilly and mountainous area of Bashan Town, Zhong County, Chongqing, Southwestern China as an example. The whole landscape structure and each land use type class level metrics of landscape pattern were calculated. Then their effects on local landscape patterns were estimated by Fragstats for Arcview. Sixteen metrics had been chosen to describe the changes before and after LCP. The total area of the research region was 1037.45 hm2, and arable land area accounted for 80.95%, therefore heterogeneous map was mosaic. Land Leveling Project (LLP) got each patch of arable land expanded. The fragmentation was sharply reduced .The complex of patches edge was decreased. The shape of each field was ruled. And all above were beneficial for the growth of crop and plantation, especially in a large scale. LCP could reallocate fragment parcels and improve agricultural conditions.

Deformation Replication

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 280-281
Author(s):  
J. Temple Black
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Rake Face ◽  
Orthogonal Machining ◽  
Aluminum Chips ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Glass Knife ◽  
Very High

Tool materials used in ultramicrotomy are glass, developed by Latta and Hartmann (1) and diamond, introduced by Fernandez-Moran (2). While diamonds produce more good sections per knife edge than glass, they are expensive; require careful mounting and handling; and are time consuming to clean before and after usage, purchase from vendors (3-6 months waiting time), and regrind. Glass offers an easily accessible, inexpensive material ($0.04 per knife) with very high compressive strength (3) that can be employed in microtomy of metals (4) as well as biological materials. When the orthogonal machining process is being studied, glass offers additional advantages. Sections of metal or plastic can be dried down on the rake face, coated with Au-Pd, and examined directly in the SEM with no additional handling (5). Figure 1 shows aluminum chips microtomed with a 75° glass knife at a cutting speed of 1 mm/sec with a depth of cut of 1000 Å lying on the rake face of the knife.

The Clinical, Roentgenological and Morphological Effects of an Acute Exposure of Phosgene on the Lungs of Dogs

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 236-237
Author(s):  
R. F. Bils ◽  
W. F. Diller ◽  
F. Huth
Keyword(s):  
Latent Period ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Toxic Substance ◽  
Lung Edema ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Electron Microscopes

Phosgene still plays an important role as a toxic substance in the chemical industry. Thiess (1968) recently reported observations on numerous cases of phosgene poisoning. A serious difficulty in the clinical handling of phosgene poisoning cases is a relatively long latent period, up to 12 hours, with no obvious signs of severity. At about 12 hours heavy lung edema appears suddenly, however changes can be seen in routine X-rays taken after only a few hours' exposure (Diller et al., 1969). This study was undertaken to correlate these early changes seen by the roengenologist with morphological alterations in the lungs seen in the'light and electron microscopes.Forty-two adult male and female Beagle dogs were selected for these exposure experiments. Treated animals were exposed to 94.5-107-5 ppm phosgene for 10 min. in a 15 m3 chamber. Roentgenograms were made of the thorax of each animal before and after exposure, up to 24 hrs.

Ultrastructure of Melanin Formation in Curvularia sp., Alternaria sp., and Drechslera Sorokiniana

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 398-399
Author(s):  
M. H. Wheeler ◽  
W. J. Tolmsoff ◽  
A. A. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Phosphate ◽  
Thielaviopsis Basicola ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Potassium Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Transmission Microscopy ◽  
Electron Transmission ◽  
Melanin Formation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Alternaria Sp ◽  
Electron Transmission Microscopy

(+)-Scytalone [3,4-dihydro-3,6,8-trihydroxy-l-(2Hj-naphthalenone] and 1,8-di- hydroxynaphthalene (DHN) have been proposed as intermediates of melanin synthesis in the fungi Verticillium dahliae (1, 2, 3, 4) and Thielaviopsis basicola (4, 5). Scytalone is enzymatically dehydrated by V. dahliae to 1,3,8-trihydroxynaphthalene which is then reduced to (-)-vermelone [(-)-3,4- dihydro-3,8-dihydroxy-1(2H)-naphthalenone]. Vermelone is subsequently dehydrated to DHN which is enzymatically polymerized to melanin.Melanin formation in Curvularia sp., Alternaria sp., and Drechslera soro- kiniana was examined by light and electron-transmission microscopy. Wild-type isolates of each fungus were compared with albino mutants before and after treatment with 1 mM scytalone or 0.1 mM DHN in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.0. Both chemicals were converted to dark pigments in the walls of hyphae and conidia of the albino mutants. The darkened cells were similar in appearance to corresponding cells of the wild types under the light microscope.

Evaluation of Freezing Methods by Low Temperature X-Ray Diffraction

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 330-333
Author(s):  
T. Gulik-Krzywicki ◽  
M.J. Costello
Keyword(s):  
Biological Materials ◽  
Molecular Organization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Glass Capillary ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Rate Dependent ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Freeze Etching ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Set Up

Freeze-etching electron microscopy is currently one of the best methods for studying molecular organization of biological materials. Its application, however, is still limited by our imprecise knowledge about the perturbations of the original organization which may occur during quenching and fracturing of the samples and during the replication of fractured surfaces. Although it is well known that the preservation of the molecular organization of biological materials is critically dependent on the rate of freezing of the samples, little information is presently available concerning the nature and the extent of freezing-rate dependent perturbations of the original organizations. In order to obtain this information, we have developed a method based on the comparison of x-ray diffraction patterns of samples before and after freezing, prior to fracturing and replication.Our experimental set-up is shown in Fig. 1. The sample to be quenched is placed on its holder which is then mounted on a small metal holder (O) fixed on a glass capillary (p), whose position is controlled by a micromanipulator.

The Precipitation of Si in AlCuSi Thin Films

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 34-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Solid Solution ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Copper Film ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Silicon Thin Films ◽  
Before And After

Aluminum-copper-silicon thin films have been considered as an interconnection metallurgy for integrated circuit applications. Various schemes have been proposed to incorporate small percent-ages of silicon into films that typically contain two to five percent copper. We undertook a study of the total effect of silicon on the aluminum copper film as revealed by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction and ion microprobe techniques as a function of the various deposition methods.X-ray investigations noted a change in solid solution concentration as a function of Si content before and after heat-treatment. The amount of solid solution in the Al increased with heat-treatment for films with ≥2% silicon and decreased for films <2% silicon.

An Electron Microscope Study of Interdiffusion and Compound Formation in Ta-Au Thin Films

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 32-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. Tisone ◽  
S. Lau
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Electron Microscope Study ◽  
Thermally Grown Oxide ◽  
Ion Milling ◽  
Compound Formation ◽  
Technology Application ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Au Thin Films

In a study of the properties of a Ta-Au metallization system for thin film technology application, the interdiffusion between Ta(bcc)-Au, βTa-Au and Ta2M-Au films was studied. Considered here is a discussion of the use of the transmission electron microscope(TEM) in the identification of phases formed and characterization of the film microstructures before and after annealing.The films were deposited by sputtering onto silicon wafers with 5000 Å of thermally grown oxide. The film thicknesses were 2000 Å of Ta and 2000 Å of Au. Samples for TEM observation were prepared by ultrasonically cutting 3mm disks from the wafers. The disks were first chemically etched from the silicon side using a HNO3 :HF(19:5) solution followed by ion milling to perforation of the Au side.

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