Grading of superficial antral gastritis: Comparison of cell-counting and photographic-based methods

1991 ◽  
Vol 163 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. A. Collins ◽  
P. C. H. Watt ◽  
P. W. Hamilton ◽  
J. M. Sloan ◽  
A. H. G. Love
Keyword(s):  
Cell Counting ◽  
Antral Gastritis

Algorithms for automated montage synthesis of images from laser-scanning confocal microscopes

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 650-651
Author(s):  
D. E. Becker
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Computational Synthesis ◽  
Automated Cell Counting ◽  
Partial View ◽  
The Individual

An efficient, robust, and widely-applicable technique is presented for computational synthesis of high-resolution, wide-area images of a specimen from a series of overlapping partial views. This technique can also be used to combine the results of various forms of image analysis, such as segmentation, automated cell counting, deblurring, and neuron tracing, to generate representations that are equivalent to processing the large wide-area image, rather than the individual partial views. This can be a first step towards quantitation of the higher-level tissue architecture. The computational approach overcomes mechanical limitations, such as hysterisis and backlash, of microscope stages. It also automates a procedure that is currently done manually. One application is the high-resolution visualization and/or quantitation of large batches of specimens that are much wider than the field of view of the microscope.The automated montage synthesis begins by computing a concise set of landmark points for each partial view. The type of landmarks used can vary greatly depending on the images of interest. In many cases, image analysis performed on each data set can provide useful landmarks. Even when no such “natural” landmarks are available, image processing can often provide useful landmarks.

Automated cell counting of astrocytes on patterned substrates containing aliphatic and charged properties

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 974-975
Author(s):  
W. Shain ◽  
H. Ancin ◽  
H.C. Craighead ◽  
M. Isaacson ◽  
L. Kam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Nuclear Staining ◽  
Double Positive ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Wafer Test ◽  
Cell Densities

Neural protheses have potential to restore nervous system functions lost by trauma or disease. Nanofabrication extends this approach to implants for stimulating and recording from single or small groups of neurons in the spinal cord and brain; however, tissue compatibility is a major limitation to their practical application. We are using a cell culture method for quantitatively measuring cell attachment to surfaces designed for nanofabricated neural prostheses.Silicon wafer test surfaces composed of 50-μm bars separated by aliphatic regions were fabricated using methods similar to a procedure described by Kleinfeld et al. Test surfaces contained either a single or double positive charge/residue. Cyanine dyes (diIC18(3)) stained the background and cell membranes (Fig 1); however, identification of individual cells at higher densities was difficult (Fig 2). Nuclear staining with acriflavine allowed discrimination of individual cells and permitted automated counting of nuclei using 3-D data sets from the confocal microscope (Fig 3). For cell attachment assays, LRM5 5 astroglial cells and astrocytes in primary cell culture were plated at increasing cell densities on test substrates, incubated for 24 hr, fixed, stained, mounted on coverslips, and imaged with a 10x objective.

Going Beyond 3-D Imaging: Automated 3-D Montaged image Analysis of Cytological Specimens

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 282-283
Author(s):  
Badrinath Roysam ◽  
Hakan Ancin ◽  
Douglas E. Becker ◽  
Robert W. Mackin ◽  
Matthew M. Chestnut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Depth Of Field ◽  
Tissue Cell ◽  
Tissue Organization

This paper summarizes recent advances made by this group in the automated three-dimensional (3-D) image analysis of cytological specimens that are much thicker than the depth of field, and much wider than the field of view of the microscope. The imaging of thick samples is motivated by the need to sample large volumes of tissue rapidly, make more accurate measurements than possible with 2-D sampling, and also to perform analysis in a manner that preserves the relative locations and 3-D structures of the cells. The motivation to study specimens much wider than the field of view arises when measurements and insights at the tissue, rather than the cell level are needed.The term “analysis” indicates a activities ranging from cell counting, neuron tracing, cell morphometry, measurement of tracers, through characterization of large populations of cells with regard to higher-level tissue organization by detecting patterns such as 3-D spatial clustering, the presence of subpopulations, and their relationships to each other. Of even more interest are changes in these parameters as a function of development, and as a reaction to external stimuli. There is a widespread need to measure structural changes in tissue caused by toxins, physiologic states, biochemicals, aging, development, and electrochemical or physical stimuli. These agents could affect the number of cells per unit volume of tissue, cell volume and shape, and cause structural changes in individual cells, inter-connections, or subtle changes in higher-level tissue architecture. It is important to process large intact volumes of tissue to achieve adequate sampling and sensitivity to subtle changes. It is desirable to perform such studies rapidly, with utmost automation, and at minimal cost. Automated 3-D image analysis methods offer unique advantages and opportunities, without making simplifying assumptions of tissue uniformity, unlike random sampling methods such as stereology.12 Although stereological methods are known to be statistically unbiased, they may not be statistically efficient. Another disadvantage of sampling methods is the lack of full visual confirmation - an attractive feature of image analysis based methods.

Manufacturing In-Line Whole Wafer Focused Ion Beam (FIB) Memory Address Descramble Verification

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven B. Herschbein ◽  
Hyoung H. Kang ◽  
Scott L. Jansen ◽  
Andrew S. Dalton
Keyword(s):  
Flip Chip ◽  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Laboratory Procedure ◽  
Memory Array ◽  
Dual Beam ◽  
Process Level

Abstract Test engineers and failure analyst familiar with random access memory arrays have probably encountered the frustration of dealing with address descrambling. The resulting nonsequential internal bit cell counting scheme often means that the location of the failing cell under investigation is nowhere near where it is expected to be. A logical to physical algorithm for decoding the standard library block might have been provided with the design, but is it still correct now that the array has been halved and inverted to fit the available space in a new processor chip? Off-line labs have traditionally been tasked with array layout verification. In the past, hard and soft failures could be induced on the frontside of finished product, then bitmapped to see if the sites were in agreement. As density tightened, flip-chip FIB techniques to induce a pattern of hard fails on packaged devices came into practice. While the backside FIB edit method is effective, it is complex and expensive. The installation of an in-line Dual Beam FIB created new opportunities to move FA tasks out of the lab and into the FAB. Using a new edit procedure, selected wafers have an extensive pattern of defects 'written' directly into the memory array at an early process level. Bitmapping of the RAM blocks upon wafer completion is then used to verify correlation between the physical damaged cells and the logical sites called out in the test results. This early feedback in-line methodology has worked so well that it has almost entirely displaced the complex laboratory procedure of backside FIB memory array descramble verification.

Effects and Mechanisms of Anlotinib and Dihydroartemisinin Combination Therapy in Ameliorating Malignant Biological Behavior of Gastric Cancer Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiong Luo ◽  
Suyun Zhang ◽  
Donghuan Zhang ◽  
Rui Feng ◽  
Nan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Gastric Cancer Cells ◽  
Invasion And Migration ◽  
Apoptosis Related Protein ◽  
And Migration

Background: Gastric cancer(GC) is currently one of the major malignancies that threatens human lives and health. Anlotinib is a novel small-molecule that inhibits angiogenesis to exert anti-tumor effects. However, the function in gastric cancer is incompletely understood. Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-tumor effects and molecular mechanisms of anlotinib combined with dihydroartemisinin (DHA) in SGC7901 gastric cancer cells. Method: Different concentrations of anlotinib and DHA were used to treat SGC7901 gastric cancer cells, after which cell proliferation was measured. Drug interactions of anlotinib and DHA were analyzed by the Chou-Talalay method with CompuSyn software. proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, migration, and angiogenesis were measured using the cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) assay, flow cytometry, Transwell invasion assays, scratch assays, and chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assays. proliferation-associated protein (Ki67), apoptosis-related protein (Bcl-2), and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) were quantified by Western bloting. Results: The combination of 2.5 μmol/L of anlotinib and 5 of μmol/L DHA was highly synergistic in inhibiting cell growth, significantly increased the apoptosis rate and suppressed obviously the invasion and migration capability and angiogenesis of gastric cancer cells. In addition, the expression levels of Ki67, Bcl-2, and VEGF-A, as well as angiogenesis, were significantly decreased in the Combination of drugs compared with in control and either drug alone. Conclusion: The combination of anlotinib and DHA showed synergistic antitumor activity, suggesting their potential in treating patients with gastric cancer.

Inhibition of Histone Deacetylase 6 Protects Hippocampal Cells Against Mitochondria-mediated Apoptosis in a Model of Severe Oxygen-glucose Deprivation

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 673-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panpan Chang ◽  
Yuzi Tian ◽  
Aaron M. Williams ◽  
Umar F. Bhatti ◽  
Baoling Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Histone Deacetylase ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase ◽  
Histone Deacetylase 6 ◽  
Phosphorylated Akt ◽  
Ldh Release

Background: Histone deacetylase (HDAC) 6 inhibitors have demonstrated significant protective effects in traumatic injuries. However, their roles in neuroprotection and underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. This study sought to investigate the neuroprotective effects of Tubastatin A (Tub-A), an HDAC6 inhibitor, during oxygenglucose deprivation (OGD) in HT22 hippocampal cells. Methods: HT22 hippocampal cells were exposed to OGD. Cell viability and cytotoxicity were assessed by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay. Cellular apoptosis was assessed by Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Mitochondria membrane potential was detected using JC-1 dye. Expressions of acetylated α-tubulin, α-tubulin, cytochrome c, VDAC, Bax, Bcl- 2, cleaved caspase 3, phosphorylated Akt, Akt, phosphorylated GSK3β and GSK3β were analyzed by Western blot analysis. Results: Tub-A induced acetylation of α-tubulin, demonstrating appropriate efficacy. Tub-A significantly increased cell viability and attenuated LDH release after exposure to OGD. Furthermore, Tub-A treatment blunted the increase in TUNEL-positive cells following OGD and preserved the mitochondrial membrane potential. Tub-A also attenuated the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria into the cytoplasm and suppressed the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase 3. This was mediated, in part, by the increased phosphorylation of Akt and GSK3β signaling pathways. Conclusion: HDAC 6 inhibition, using Tub-A, protects against OGD-induced injury in HT22 cells by modulating Akt/GSK3β signaling and inhibiting mitochondria-mediated apoptosis.

OSI-027 alleviates oxaliplatin chemoresistance in gastric cancer cells by suppressing P-gp induction

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
En Xu ◽  
Hao Zhu ◽  
Feng Wang ◽  
Ji Miao ◽  
Shangce Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Mammalian Target Of Rapamycin ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Gastric Cancer Cells ◽  
Ags Cells ◽  
Dual Inhibitor ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

: Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer-related death. In the present study, we investigated the potential activity of OSI-027, a potent and selective mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1/2 (mTOR1/2) dual inhibitor, alone or in combination with oxaliplatin against gastric cancer cells in vitro. Cell counting kit-8 assays and EdU staining were performed to examine the proliferation of cancer cells. Cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. Western blot was used to detect the elements of the mTOR pathway and Pgp in gastric cancer cell lines. OSI-027 inhibited the proliferation of MKN-45 and AGS cells by arresting the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase. At the molecular level, OSI-027 simultaneously blocked mTORC1 and mTORC2 activation, and resulted in the downregulation of phosphor-Akt, phpspho-p70S6k, phosphor-4EBP1, cyclin D1, and cyclin-dependent kinase4 (CDK4). Additionally, OSI-027 also downregulated P-gp, which enhanced oxaliplatin-induced apoptosis and suppressed multidrug resistance. Moreover, OSI-027 exhibited synergistic cytotoxic effects with oxaliplatin in vitro, while a P-gp siRNA knockdown significantly inhibited the synergistic effect. In summary, our results suggest that dual mTORC1/mTORC2 inhibitors (e.g., OSI-027) should be further investigated as a potential valuable treatment for gastric cancer.

Corilagin Inhibits Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Inducing DNA Damage and Down-Regulation of RNF8

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1021-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanghua Qiu ◽  
Lifang Liu ◽  
Yu Lin ◽  
Zetian Yang ◽  
Feng Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Antitumor Effects

Background:Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), the most prevalent histologic subtype of esophageal cancer, is an aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis and a high incidence in the East. Corilagin, an active component present in Phyllanthus niruri L., has been shown to suppress tumor growth in various cancers. However, the effects of corilagin on ESCC and the mechanisms for its tumor suppressive function remain unknown.Methods:Cell proliferation was measured by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and colony formation assays. Annexin V/PI double-staining was performed to assess cell apoptosis. Immunofluorescence staining and western blotting were used to evaluate the protein expression. A xenograft mice model was used to assess the in vivo antitumor effects of corilagin alone or in combination with cisplatin.Results:We for the first time showed that corilagin was effectively able to inhibit ESCC cell proliferation and induce cell apoptosis. Additionally, our results validated its antitumor effects in vivo using a xenograft mouse model. Mechanistically, we found that corilagin caused significant DNA damage in ESCC cells. We found that corilagin could significantly attenuate the expression of the E3 ubiquitin ligase RING finger protein 8 (RNF8) through ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, leading to the inability of DNA damage repair response and eventually causing cell apoptosis. Furthermore, we also showed that corilagin substantially enhanced the antitumor effects of chemotherapy drug cisplatin both in vitro and in vivo.Conclusion:Our results not only provided novel and previously unrecognized evidences for corilagin-induced tumor suppression through inducing DNA damage and targeting RNF8 in ESCC, but also highlighted that corilagin might serve as an adjunctive treatment to conventional chemotherapeutic drugs in ESCC patients.

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