scholarly journals Identifying relationships between multi‐scale social–ecological factors to explore ungulate health in a Western Kazakhstan rangeland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Munib Khanyari ◽  
Sarah Robinson ◽  
Eric R. Morgan ◽  
Albert Salemgareyev ◽  
E. J. Milner‐Gulland
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
Western Kazakhstan

Place, Power, and Premature Mortality: A Rapid Scoping Review on the Health of Women in Appalachia

2021 ◽  
pp. 089011712110113
Author(s):  
Jessica R. Thompson ◽  
Lauren R. Risser ◽  
Madeline N. Dunfee ◽  
Nancy E. Schoenberg ◽  
Jessica G. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Women’S Health ◽  
Women's Health ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Appalachian Women ◽  
Social Ecological

Objective: Appalachian women continue to die younger than in other US regions. We performed a rapid scoping review to summarize women’s health research in Appalachia from 2000 to 2019, including health topics, study populations, theoretical frameworks, methods, and findings. Data Source: We searched bibliographic databases (eg, PubMed, PsycINFO, Google Scholar) for literature focusing on women’s health in Appalachia. Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria: Included articles were: (1) on women’s health in Appalachia; (2) published January 2000 to June 2019; (3) peer-reviewed; and (4) written in English. We excluded studies without reported data findings. Data Extraction: Two coders reviewed articles for descriptive information to create summary tables comparing variables of interest. Data Synthesis: Two coders co-reviewed a sub-sample to ensure consensus and refine data charting categories. We categorized major findings across the social-ecological framework. Results: A search of nearly 2 decades of literature revealed 81 articles, which primarily focused on cancer disparities (49.4%) and prenatal/pregnancy outcomes (23.5%). Many of these research studies took place in Central Appalachia (eg, 42.0% in Kentucky) with reproductive or middle-aged women (82.7%). Half of the studies employed quantitative methods, and half used qualitative methods, with few mixed method or community-engaged approaches (3.7%). Nearly half (40.7%) did not specify a theoretical framework. Findings included complex multi-level factors with few articles exploring the co-occurrence of factors across multiple levels. Conclusions: Future studies should: 1) systematically include Appalachian women at various life stages from under-represented sub-regions; 2) expand the use of rigorous methods and specified theoretical frameworks to account for complex interactions of social-ecological factors; and 3) build upon existing community assets to improve health in this vulnerable population.

A Longitudinal Examination of Building Demolitions On Neighbourhood Crime Rates

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C Wo ◽  
Young-An Kim
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
Criminological Research ◽  
Block Groups ◽  
Longitudinal Examination

Abstract Criminological research shows that vacant and dilapidated buildings contribute to higher neighbourhood crime rates. Therefore, the implication is that by physically removing these buildings from a neighbourhood, there will subsequently be a reduction in crime within that neighbourhood. In this study, we focus on the potential crime-reducing benefits of building demolitions—a change in the physical landscape, which may initiate or sustain neighbourhood revitalization. Accordingly, we examine the influence of building demolitions on crime within Philadelphia block groups from 2008 to 2018, controlling for a range of social-ecological factors known to be associated with crime rates. We also differentiate between city and private demolitions to examine the possibility that not all demolitions are created equal in relation to crime.

scholarly journals Social ecological factors associated with experiencing violence among urban refugee and displaced adolescent girls and young women in informal settlements in Kampala, Uganda: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen H. Logie ◽  
Moses Okumu ◽  
Simon Mwima ◽  
Robert Hakiza ◽  
Kibathi Peter Irungi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Sexual Relationship ◽  
Relationship Power ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Social Ecological

Abstract Background Research on violence targeting urban forcibly displaced adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) is limited, particularly regarding polyvictimization (exposure to multiple forms of violence). Yet there is a global trend of refugee urbanization, and urban AGYW are at the nexus of violence disparities among adolescents, forcibly displaced persons, and slum dwellers. This study explored factors associated with young adulthood violence (> 16 years) (YAV) and intimate partner violence (IPV) among forcibly displaced AGYW in Kampala, Uganda. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey with forcibly displaced AGYW aged 16–24 from five informal settlement (slum) communities across Kampala (Kabalagala, Rubaga, Kansanga, Katwe, Nsambya) using peer network sampling. We assessed YAV (experienced at age 16 or above) (sexual, physical, emotional violence) and recent (past 12-month) IPV (physical, sexual, control violence). We conducted descriptive statistics, followed by multinomial logistic regression analyses to explore social ecological factors (e.g., intrapersonal: depression; interpersonal: sexual relationship power, community: food insecurity) associated with experiencing YAV and YAV polyvictimization, and IPV and IPV polyvictimization. Results Over half of participants (n = 333; mean age = 19.31; SD = 2.56, range = 16–24) reported YAV (n = 179; 53.7%) and 9.3% (n = 41) reported YAV polyvictimization. Most participants that were in an intimate relationship in the last 12 months (n = 200; 85.8%) reported IPV, among these, 45.5% reported one form of IPV and 54.5% reported IPV polyvictimization. In adjusted analyses, experiencing any YAV was significantly associated with: adolescent sexual and reproductive health (SRH) stigma; sexual relationship power; mobile app usage; depressive symptoms; childhood abuse; and childhood polyvictimization. In adjusted analyses YAV polyvictimization was associated with: depressive symptoms; childhood polyvictimization; sexual relationship power; and food insecurity. Recent IPV polyvictimization in adjusted analyses was associated with owning/using a mobile phone and depressive symptoms. Participants with higher sexual relationship power had lower odds of recent IPV polyvictimization. Conclusion Findings suggest that YAV and IPV polyvictimization require urgent attention among forcibly displaced AGYW in Kampala. Multi-level strategies are required to address intrapersonal e.g. (depression), interpersonal (e.g. childhood abuse, sexual relationship power) and community (e.g. adolescent SRH stigma, food insecurity) factors associated with experiencing violence. Future research can tailor approaches to advance health, agency and human rights among urban forcibly displaced AGYW.

scholarly journals Human gnathostomiasis: a neglected food-borne zoonosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo-Hua Liu ◽  
Miao-Miao Sun ◽  
Hany M. Elsheikha ◽  
Yi-Tian Fu ◽  
Hiromu Sugiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Host Immunity ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Parasite Biology ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Human gnathostomiasis is a food-borne zoonosis. Its etiological agents are the third-stage larvae of Gnathostoma spp. Human gnathostomiasis is often reported in developing countries, but it is also an emerging disease in developed countries in non-endemic areas. The recent surge in cases of human gnathostomiasis is mainly due to the increasing consumption of raw freshwater fish, amphibians, and reptiles. Methods This article reviews the literature on Gnathostoma spp. and the disease that these parasites cause in humans. We review the literature on the life cycle and pathogenesis of these parasites, the clinical features, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, control, and new molecular findings on human gnathostomiasis, and social-ecological factors related to the transmission of this disease. Conclusions The information presented provides an impetus for studying the parasite biology and host immunity. It is urgently needed to develop a quick and sensitive diagnosis and to develop an effective regimen for the management and control of human gnathostomiasis.

scholarly journals Understanding the relationships between ecosystem services and associated social-ecological drivers in a karst region: A case study of Guizhou Province, China

2020 ◽  
pp. 030913332093352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sijing Qiu ◽  
Jian Peng ◽  
Jianquan Dong ◽  
Xiaoyu Wang ◽  
Zihan Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Ecosystem Service ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Karst Region ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Karst Landscape ◽  
Social Ecological

Understanding the relationships among multiple ecosystem services could improve the landscape capacity to provide benefits to human society. However, the underlying mechanisms shaping ecosystem services relationships are still unclear although some studies have been conducted to explore how natural and socioeconomic factors influence the relationships among ecosystem services. In this study, the karst landscape in southwestern China, a vulnerable system with intensive human activities, was focused on, aiming to explore relationships between ecosystem services and associated social and ecological factors. The results showed that the distribution of eight individual ecosystem services were spatially heterogeneous and clustered based on the characteristics of the karst landscape. The relationships between provisioning services and regulating services, such as grain production and net primary productivity, as well as water yield and soil retention, were quite different in high karst coverage regions and low karst coverage regions. Among five ecosystem service bundles identified, ecosystem services in the urban development bundle were mainly determined by socioeconomic factors, while in the other four bundles of multifunction, grain production, habitat conservation, and carbon sequestration, ecosystem services were dominated by ecological factors. However, socioeconomic factors (i.e. population density and night-time light intensity) appeared to explain the overall ecosystem service delivery more than karst terrain. This study provided insights for sustainable ecosystem management in a vulnerable karst region through exploring social-ecological factors of the relationships among ecosystem services.

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