scholarly journals Definition of new cut-offs of BMI and waist circumference based on body composition and insulin resistance: differences between children, adolescents and adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hübers ◽  
M. Pourhassan ◽  
W. Braun ◽  
C. Geisler ◽  
M.J. Müller
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Definition Of

scholarly journals Provision of healthy school meals does not affect the metabolic syndrome score in 8–11-year-old children, but reduces cardiometabolic risk markers despite increasing waist circumference

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 1826-1836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla T. Damsgaard ◽  
Stine-Mathilde Dalskov ◽  
Rikke P. Laursen ◽  
Christian Ritz ◽  
Mads F. Hjorth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
School Meals ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiometabolic Markers

An increasing number of children are exhibiting features of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) including abdominal fatness, hypertension, adverse lipid profile and insulin resistance. Healthy eating practices during school hours may improve the cardiometabolic profile, but there is a lack of evidence. In the present study, the effect of provision of school meals rich in fish, vegetables and fibre on a MetS score (primary outcome) and on individual cardiometabolic markers and body composition (secondary outcomes) was investigated in 834 Danish school children. The study was carried out as a cluster-randomised, controlled, non-blinded, cross-over trial at nine schools. Children aged 8–11 years received freshly prepared school lunch and snacks or usual packed lunch from home (control) each for 3 months. Dietary intake, physical activity, cardiometabolic markers and body composition were measured at baseline and after each dietary period. The school meals did not affect the MetS score (P= 1·00). However, it was found that mean arterial pressure was reduced by 0·4 (95 % CI 0·0, 0·8) mmHg (P= 0·04), fasting total cholesterol concentrations by 0·05 (95 % CI 0·02, 0·08) mmol/l (P= 0·001), HDL-cholesterol concentrations by 0·02 (95 % CI 0·00, 0·03) mmol/l, TAG concentrations by 0·02 (95 % CI 0·00, 0·04) mmol/l (bothP< 0·05), and homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance by 0·10 (95 % CI 0·04, 0·16) points (P= 0·001) compared with the control diet in the intention-to-treat analyses. Waist circumference increased 0·5 (95 % CI 0·3, 0·7) cm (P< 0·001), but BMIz-score remained unaffected. Complete-case analyses and analyses adjusted for household educational level, pubertal status and physical activity confirmed the results. In conclusion, the school meals did not affect the MetS score in 8–11-year-olds, as small improvements in blood pressure, TAG concentrations and insulin resistance were counterbalanced by slight undesired effects on waist circumference and HDL-cholesterol concentrations.

scholarly journals Relationships of body composition and liver fat content with insulin resistance in obesity-matched adolescents and adults

Obesity ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 1325-1331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Linder ◽  
Fabian Springer ◽  
Jürgen Machann ◽  
Fritz Schick ◽  
Andreas Fritsche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Liver Fat Content ◽  
Adolescents And Adults

scholarly journals Titrating Growth Hormone Dose to High-Normal IGF-1 Levels Has Beneficial Effects on Body Fat Distribution and Microcirculatory Function Despite Causing Insulin Resistance

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christa C. van Bunderen ◽  
Rick I. Meijer ◽  
Paul Lips ◽  
Mark H. Kramer ◽  
Erik H. Serné ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Favorable Effect ◽  
Target Level ◽  
Microvascular Endothelium ◽  
Favorable Change

To clarify the mechanism underlying the described U-shaped relation of both low and high levels of IGF-1 with cardiovascular disease this study explores the effect of decreasing and increasing growth hormone dose in GH deficient adults on (micro)vascular function, body composition and insulin resistance. In this randomized clinical trial, thirty-two subjects receiving GH therapy with an IGF-1 concentration between −1 and 1 SD score (SDS) for at least one year were randomized to receive either a decrease (IGF-1 target level of −2 to −1 SDS) or an increase of their daily GH dose (IGF-1 target level of 1 to 2 SDS) for a period of 24 weeks. Microvascular endothelium (in)dependent vasodilatation and vasomotion, vascular stiffness by pulse wave analysis, and HOMA-IR were measured. At the end of the study 30 subjects (65.6% men, mean age 46.6 (SD 9.9) years) were analyzed. There was a favorable effect of increasing the IGF-1 level on waist circumference compared to decreasing the IGF-1 level (p=0.05), but a detrimental effect on insulin resistance (p=0.03). Decreasing IGF-1 level significantly lowered the endothelial domain of vasomotion (p=0.03), whereas increasing IGF-1 level increased the contribution of the neurogenic domain (p=0.05). This change was related to the favorable change in waist circumference. In conclusion, increasing IGF-1 levels was beneficial for body composition but detrimental with respect to insulin resistance. The contribution of the neurogenic vasomotion domain increased in parallel, and could be explained by the favorable change in waist circumference.Clinical Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT01877512.

scholarly journals Syndromic Obesity and Diabetes: Changes in Body Composition with Age and Mutation Analysis of ALMS1 in 12 United Kingdom Kindreds with Alström Syndrome

2006 ◽  
Vol 91 (8) ◽  
pp. 3110-3116 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. L. Minton ◽  
K. R. Owen ◽  
C. J. Ricketts ◽  
N. Crabtree ◽  
G. Shaikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Phenotype Correlation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Genotype Phenotype Correlation

Abstract Context: Alström syndrome (AS) is a monogenic form of infancy-onset obesity and insulin resistance, caused by ALMS1 mutations. The natural history of the insulin resistance is unknown, in particular how this relates to changes in body composition. It is also unclear how ALMS1 mutations relate to the characteristic phenotype. Objectives: Our objectives were to characterize body composition and metabolic parameters, to establish ALMS1 mutation spectrum of United Kingdom AS patients, and to determine whether a genotype-phenotype correlation exists. Design and Patients: We conducted a cross-sectional cohort study of 12 unrelated subjects with AS. Age-standardized body composition was assessed by anthropometry and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and insulin sensitivity by homeostasis model assessment. The exons and intron-exon boundaries of ALMS1 were directly sequenced. Setting: The study was performed during the annual Alström Syndrome UK multidisciplinary screening clinic. Results: AS patients have early-onset obesity, but body mass index, waist circumference, and body fat from dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry were negatively correlated with age (r = −0.37, P = 0.2; r = −0.84, P = 0.002; and r = −0.6, P = 0.05). Despite this, insulin resistance increased, demonstrated by raised fasting insulin and fall in homeostasis model assessment insulin sensitivity with age (r = −0.64, P = 0.02). ALMS1 mutations were identified in 10 of 12 patients, with a potential founder mutation in exon 16 present in five [np 10775del (C); Del3592fs/ter3597]. No genotype-phenotype correlation was observed. Conclusions: We identified mutations in ALMS1 in more than 80% of patients with no genotype-phenotype correlation. In AS, severe childhood obesity, waist circumference, and body fat decrease with age, whereas insulin resistance increases. The abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension suggest that AS could represent a monogenic model for the metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Optimal Waist Circumference Cut-Off Point for Multiple Risk Factor Aggregation: Results from the Maracaibo City Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valmore Bermúdez ◽  
Joselyn Rojas ◽  
Juan Salazar ◽  
Roberto Añez ◽  
Mervin Chávez-Castillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Multiple Risk Factor ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Risk Increase ◽  
Multiple Risk ◽  
Definition Of

Context and Objective. The purpose of this study was to determine optimal waist circumference (WC) cut-off values for the detection of multiple risk factor aggregation in individuals from Maracaibo, Venezuela. Participants and Methods. A total of 1,902 adult individuals of both genders belonging to MMSPS were included. Complete physical, laboratory, and anthropometric examination were done to evaluate Metabolic Syndrome (MS) components and insulin resistance. ROC curves were plotted for risk factor aggregation in order to assess WC cut-off point. Logistic regression models were constructed to assess risk factors associated with the WC. Results. There were 52.2% females and 47.8% males, with WC of 90.7±13.7 cm and 98.2±15.9 cm, respectively. ROC curves exhibited a WC cut-off point for women of 90.25 cm (68.4% sensitivity, 65.8% specificity) and 95.15 cm (71.1% sensitivity, 67.4% specificity) for men. HOMA2-IR and high blood pressure were associated with a WC over these cut-off points, as well as 2.5-fold risk increase for multiple risk factor aggregation (OR 2.56; CI 95%: 2.05–3.20; P<0.01). Conclusions. These population-specific WC cut-offs are readily applicable tools for detection of risk factor aggregation. Insulin resistance is closely associated with this definition of abdominal obesity, which may serve as a surrogate for its assessment.

Effect of restoration of thyroid function on body composition, insulin resistance and visfatin concentrations in women with hypo- and hyperthyroidism

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Sawicka-Gutaj ◽  
Ariadna Zybek-Kocik ◽  
Michal Kloska ◽  
Agata Czarnywojtek ◽  
Jerzy Sowiński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Thyroid Function

The Waist Circumference That Predicts Insulin Resistance in Africans Is Higher in Women than Men—A Population-Specific Study

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1620-P
Author(s):  
JEAN DAMASCENE KABAKAMBIRA ◽  
SARA M. BRIKER ◽  
RAFEAL L. BAKER ◽  
AMBER B. COURVILLE ◽  
LILIAN MABUNDO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Specific Study

The Development of Forgiveness

2020 ◽  
pp. 401-418
Author(s):  
Robert D. Enright ◽  
Jacqueline Y. Song
Keyword(s):  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Important Work ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Developmental Progression ◽  
Forgiveness Education ◽  
Cognitive Work ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Forgiveness Therapy ◽  
Definition Of

The psychology of forgiveness originated from the creative and important work on the development of justice initiated by Piaget in 1932 and extended by Kohlberg in 1969. The scientific study of forgiveness is quite new, having emerged in print in 1989, with an examination of the developmental progression in children’s, adolescents’, and adults’ thinking about the necessary conditions for them to offer forgiveness to another person. In this chapter, the authors first review the definition of forgiveness, followed by this early cognitive work. They then turn to a discussion of the measurement of forgiveness correlates of forgiveness. The practical application of this construct is seen in the development of forgiveness therapy and forgiveness education, which the authors discuss in light of the empirical findings. Future directions for forgiveness studies are considered.

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