Variation of fragmentation with chain length between two functional groups

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (S1) ◽  
pp. 229-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Fenselau ◽  
Anthony A. Baum ◽  
D. O. Cowan
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Chain Length

scholarly journals Elecroantennogram Responses of the Cherry Fruit Fly Rhαgoletis cerαsi (Diptera: Tephritidae) to Naturally Occurring Volatiles

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Raptopoulos ◽  
A. Koutsaftikis ◽  
G. Haniotakis ◽  
E. Douma
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Plant Volatiles ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Carbon Chain Length ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Rhagoletis Cerasi

EAG responses of the cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis cerasi (Linne) (Diptera: Tephritidae) were recorded in response to seventy-eight generally occurring plant volatiles and male cherry fruit fly volatiles. The test compounds are representatives of three major classes of organic compounds, aldehydes, ketones, and monoterpenes. No differences were observed in the degree of response between males and females, Carbon-chain length, unsaturation, and position of functional groups all have significant effect on the magnitude of EAG response.

scholarly journals Clusters of Hydroxyl-Functionalized Cations Stabilized by Cooperative Hydrogen Bonds: The Role of Polarizability and Alkyl Chain Length

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (21) ◽  
pp. 4972
Author(s):  
Jule Philipp ◽  
Ralf Ludwig
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Alkyl Chain ◽  
Kinetic Stability ◽  
Alkyl Chain Length ◽  
Coupling Constants ◽  
Imidazolium Cations

We explore quantum chemical calculations for studying clusters of hydroxyl-functionalized cations kinetically stabilized by hydrogen bonding despite strongly repulsive electrostatic forces. In a comprehensive study, we calculate clusters of ammonium, piperidinium, pyrrolidinium, imidazolium, pyridinium, and imidazolium cations, which are prominent constituents of ionic liquids. All cations are decorated with hydroxy-alkyl chains allowing H-bond formation between ions of like charge. The cluster topologies comprise linear and cyclic clusters up to the size of hexamers. The ring structures exhibit cooperative hydrogen bonds opposing the repulsive Coulomb forces and leading to kinetic stability of the clusters. We discuss the importance of hydrogen bonding and dispersion forces for the stability of the differently sized clusters. We find the largest clusters when hydrogen bonding is maximized in cyclic topologies and dispersion interaction is properly taken into account. The kinetic stability of the clusters with short-chained cations is studied for the different types of cations ranging from hard to polarizable or exhibiting additional functional groups such as the acidic C(2)-H position in the imidazolium-based cation. Increasing the alkyl chain length, the cation effect diminishes and the kinetic stability is exclusively governed by the alkyl chain tether increasing the distance between the positively charged rings of the cations. With adding the counterion tetrafluoroborate (BF4−) to the cationic clusters, the binding energies immediately switch from strongly positive to strongly negative. In the neutral clusters, the OH functional groups of the cations can interact either with other cations or with the anions. The hexamer cluster with the cyclic H-bond motive and “released” anions is almost as stable as the hexamer built by H-bonded ion pairs exclusively, which is in accord with recent IR spectra of similar ionic liquids detecting both types of hydrogen bonding. For the cationic and neutral clusters, we discuss geometric and spectroscopic properties as sensitive probes of opposite- and like-charge interaction. Finally, we show that NMR proton chemical shifts and deuteron quadrupole coupling constants can be related to each other, allowing to predict properties which are not easily accessible by experiment.

Graphene oxide derivatives with variable alkyl chain length and terminal functional groups as supports for stabilization of cytochrome c

2016 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
pp. 227-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Patila ◽  
Ioannis V. Pavlidis ◽  
Antonios Kouloumpis ◽  
Konstantinos Dimos ◽  
Konstantinos Spyrou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Alkyl Chain ◽  
Alkyl Chain Length

scholarly journals Tuning the Properties of Nanogel Surfaces by Grafting Charged Alkylamine Brushes

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbyšek Posel ◽  
Paola Posocco
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Mesoscale Modeling ◽  
Weakly Coupled ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Encapsulation Ability

Nanogels are chemically crosslinked polymeric nanoparticles endowed with high encapsulation ability, tunable size, ease of preparation, and responsiveness to external stimuli. The presence of specific functional groups on their surfaces provides an opportunity to tune their surface properties and direct their behavior. In this work, we used mesoscale modeling to describe conformational and mechanical properties of nanogel surfaces formed by crosslinked polyethylene glycol and polyethyleneimine, and grafted by charged alkylamine brushes of different lengths. Simulations show that both number of chains per area and chain length can be used to tune the properties of the coating. Properly selecting these two parameters allows switching from a hydrated, responsive coating to a dried, highly charged layer. The results also suggest that the scaling behavior of alkylamine brushes, e.g., the transition from a mushroom to semi-dilute brush, is only weakly coupled with the shielding ability of the coating and much more with its compressibility.

scholarly journals TLR8 activation and inhibition by guanosine analogs in RNA: Importance of functional groups and chain length

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiannan Hu ◽  
Scott R. Suter ◽  
Madeline M. Mumbleau ◽  
Peter A. Beal
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Chain Length
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