Body composition and cardiometabolic health across the menopause transition

Obesity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-27
Author(s):  
Kara L. Marlatt ◽  
Dori R. Pitynski‐Miller ◽  
Kathleen M. Gavin ◽  
Kerrie L. Moreau ◽  
Edward L. Melanson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Menopause Transition

scholarly journals Weight Cycling in Women: Adaptation or Risk?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katelyn J. Carey ◽  
Wendy Vitek
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Weight Regain ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Surrogate Markers ◽  
Weight Cycling ◽  
Gut Peptides

AbstractObesity, dieting, and weight cycling are common among reproductive-age women. Weight cycling refers to intentional weight loss followed by unintentional weight regain. Weight loss is accompanied by changes in gut peptides, adipose hormones, and energy expenditure that promote weight regain to a tightly regulated set point. While weight loss can improve body composition and surrogate markers of cardiometabolic health, it is hypothesized that the weight regain can result in an overshoot effect, resulting in excess weight gain, altered body composition, and negative effects on surrogate markers of cardiometabolic health. Numerous observational studies have examined the association of weight cycling and health outcomes. There appears to be modest association between weight cycling with type 2 diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia in women, but no association with hypertension, cardiovascular events, and overall cancer risk. Interestingly, mild weight cycling may be associated with a decreased risk of overall and cardiovascular mortality. Little is known about the effects of weight cycling in the preconception period. Although obesity and weight gain are associated with pregnancy complications, preconception weight loss does not appear to mitigate the risk of most pregnancy complications related to obesity. Research on preconception weight cycling may provide insight into this paradox.

A priori and a posteriori derived dietary patterns in infancy and cardiometabolic health in childhood: The role of body composition

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 1589-1595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth T.M. Leermakers ◽  
Edith H. van den Hooven ◽  
Oscar H. Franco ◽  
Vincent W.V. Jaddoe ◽  
Henriëtte A. Moll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
A Posteriori

scholarly journals Effects of Extreme Weight Loss on Cardiometabolic Health in Children With Metabolic Syndrome: A Metabolomic Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingxin Liu ◽  
Lin Zhu ◽  
Jing Liao ◽  
Xiaoguang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of extreme weight loss programs on circulating metabolites and their relationship with cardiometabolic health in children with metabolic syndrome.Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental design with a pretest and post-test. Thirty children with metabolic syndrome and aged 10–17years were recruited to an extreme weight loss program (i.e., exercise combined with diet control). The primary outcomes included plasma metabolites, body composition, and cardiometabolic risk factors. A total of 324 metabolites were quantitatively detected by an ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry system, and the variable importance in the projection (VIP) value of each metabolite was calculated by the orthogonal projection to latent structures discriminant analysis. The fold change (FC) and p value of each metabolite were used to screen differential metabolites with the following values: VIP>1, p value<0.05, and |log2FC|>0.25. Pathway enrichment and correlation analyses between metabolites and cardiometabolic risk factors were also performed.Result: A large effect size was observed, presenting a weight loss of −8.9kg (Cohen’s d=1.00, p<0.001), body mass index reduction of −3.3kg/m2 (Cohen’s d=1.47, p<0.001), and body fat percent reduction of −4.1 (%) (Cohen’s d=1.22, p<0.001) after the intervention. Similar improvements were found in total cholesterol (Cohen’s d=2.65, p<0.001), triglycerides (Cohen’s d=2.59, p<0.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (Cohen’s d=2.81, p<0.001), glucose metabolism, and blood pressure. A total of 59 metabolites were changed after the intervention (e.g., aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism; nitrogen metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis). The changes in metabolites (e.g., amino acids, fatty acids, organic acids, and carnitine) were related to lipid metabolism improvement (p<0.05). Organic acids and carnitines were associated with changes in the body composition (p<0.05).Conclusion: Exercise combined with dietary control improved the body composition and cardiometabolic health in children with metabolic syndrome, and these changes may be related to plasma metabolites.

scholarly journals The effect of home-based low-volume, high-intensity interval training on cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition and cardiometabolic health in women of normal body mass and those with overweight or obesity: protocol for a randomized controlled trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Frimpong ◽  
Chloe Dafkin ◽  
Janine Donaldson ◽  
Aletta Maria Esterhuyse Millen ◽  
Rebecca Mary Meiring
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Home Based ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Abstract Background There is a high prevalence of women in South Africa with overweight and obesity which is associated with an increased risk of cardiometabolic disorders. Perceived barriers such as lack of time and motivation reduce engagement in beneficial activity behaviours for health. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a time-efficient and effective way to improve cardiometabolic risk profile regardless of a loss in body mass or change in body composition. This randomized controlled trial aims to determine the effects on cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition and cardiometabolic health and feasibility of a home-based 14-week HIIT program in women with overweight/obesity or normal body mass. Methods One hundred and twenty women (18–40 years old) with a body mass index between 20 and 35 kg/m2, will be stratified according to their BMI (normal, BMI 20–24.9 kg/m2; or high BMI ≥25 kg/m2) and randomized into a HIIT exercising group (HIIT) or a non-exercising control group (CON). HIIT participants will perform exercises for 11 min/session six times per week for a period of 14 weeks. The 2 × 4 HIIT protocol will require a work phase of own-body weight exercise lasting 2 minutes (85% VO2peak), repeated four times and separated by a one-minute active rest phase (65% VO2peak). CON participants will be asked to maintain their normal habitual lifestyle. Outcomes of cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, echocardiography, central blood pressure, arterial stiffness and biomarkers of cardiometabolic health will be measured before and after the 14-week intervention. Every 4 weeks during the intervention, an objective estimation of compliance to the study protocol will be assessed by measuring participant physical activity over 7 days using an Actigraph GT3X accelerometer. Discussion Supervised laboratory-based HIIT interventions are effective in improving cardiometabolic health. More pragmatic exercise protocols may however show to be successful for mitigating barriers to the engagement in physical activity and exercise resulting in positive benefits to health. Investigation into home-based HIIT regimens are important in women, where globally the rising trend of overweight and obesity overshadows that of men. The results from this study may therefore inform future research on effective exercise prescription for women’s health. Trial registration Pan African Clinical Trial Registry (www.pactr.org - id no: PACTR201806003434299), 6th June 2018.

scholarly journals Erythrocyte Long Chain Omega 3 Fatty Acids Are Associated with Higher Lean Mass in Postmenopausal Women Newly Diagnosed with Breast Cancer (P05-024-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Belury ◽  
Rachel Cole ◽  
Rebecca Andridge ◽  
Qing Xie ◽  
Ashleigh Keiter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Appendicular Lean Mass ◽  
Muscle Health ◽  
Long Chain

Abstract Objectives Cancer contributes to adverse changes in body composition that may increase risk of cardiometabolic diseases. Skeletal muscle is a main driver of cardiometabolic health. We hypothesize that higher intake of long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn3PUFAs) is associated with muscle health. This study evaluates whether LCn3PUFA exposure assessed in diet and in blood is associated with markers of muscle health in women with breast cancer. Methods This is a cross-sectional analysis evaluating LCn3PUFA exposure and markers of muscle health in women (N = 150) prior to treatment for breast cancer. Exposure to LCn3PUFAs was assessed by a diet history questionnaire (DHQ), a question specifically about supplement usage and biomarker of LCn3PUFAs in red blood cells (RBC). Body composition were measured at the same visit using dual x-ray absorptiometry. Linear regression models were used to test for associations. Results 13% (N = 19) of women reported using fish oil supplements (e.g., Supplement Users) and had significantly higher levels of RBC LCn3PUFAs than Supplement Non-users. In Supplement Non-users, there was a positive association between reported dietary exposure by DHQ and RBC LCn3PUFA levels. The n3 index (e.g., sum of RBC EPA + DHA) and DHA (22:6n3) were positively associated with appendicular lean mass/BMI. There were no significant correlations between RBC LCn3PUFAs with grip strength and or other measurements of body composition. Conclusions As a biomarker of intake, RBC LCn3PUFAs are positively associated with appendicular lean mass, a measure of skeletal muscle mass. A future study should prospectively evaluate whether higher LCn3PUFA exposure (as measured in blood) is associated with maintaining better muscle health during and following cancer treatment. Funding Sources Funding was provided by the National Cattleman's Beef Association, NIH (JKG) CA186720, Ohio Agriculture Research and Development Center and the Carol S. Kennedy Professorship.

scholarly journals Rationale and Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Fast versus Slow Weight Loss in Postmenopausal Women with Obesity—The TEMPO Diet Trial

Healthcare ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radhika Seimon ◽  
Alice Gibson ◽  
Claudia Harper ◽  
Shelley Keating ◽  
Nathan Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Meal Replacement ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Eating Disorder Behaviors

Very low energy diets (VLEDs), commonly achieved by replacing all food with meal replacement products and which result in fast weight loss, are the most effective dietary obesity treatment available. VLEDs are also cheaper to administer than conventional, food-based diets, which result in slow weight loss. Despite being effective and affordable, these diets are underutilized by healthcare professionals, possibly due to concerns about potential adverse effects on body composition and eating disorder behaviors. This paper describes the rationale and detailed protocol for the TEMPO Diet Trial (Type of Energy Manipulation for Promoting optimal metabolic health and body composition in Obesity), in a randomized controlled trial comparing the long-term (3-year) effects of fast versus slow weight loss. One hundred and one post-menopausal women aged 45–65 years with a body mass index of 30–40 kg/m2 were randomized to either: (1) 16 weeks of fast weight loss, achieved by a total meal replacement diet, followed by slow weight loss (as for the SLOW intervention) for the remaining time up until 52 weeks (“FAST” intervention), or (2) 52 weeks of slow weight loss, achieved by a conventional, food-based diet (“SLOW” intervention). Parameters of body composition, cardiometabolic health, eating disorder behaviors and psychology, and adaptive responses to energy restriction were measured throughout the 3-year trial.

scholarly journals The Influence of Sitting, Standing, and Stepping Bouts on Cardiometabolic Health Markers in Older Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Simone J.J.M. Verswijveren ◽  
Cormac Powell ◽  
Stephanie E. Chappel ◽  
Nicola D. Ridgers ◽  
Brian P. Carson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional

Aside from total time spent in physical activity behaviors, how time is accumulated is important for health. This study examined associations between sitting, standing, and stepping bouts, with cardiometabolic health markers in older adults. Participants from the Mitchelstown Cohort Rescreen Study (N = 221) provided cross-sectional data on activity behaviors (assessed via an activPAL3 Micro) and cardiometabolic health. Bouts of ≥10-, ≥30-, and ≥60-min sitting, standing, and stepping were calculated. Linear regression models were fitted to examine the associations between bouts and cardiometabolic health markers. Sitting (≥10, ≥30, and ≥60 min) and standing (≥10 and ≥30 min) bouts were detrimentally associated with body composition measures, lipid markers, and fasting glucose. The effect for time spent in ≥60-min sitting and ≥30-min standing bouts was larger than shorter bouts. Fragmenting sitting with bouts of stepping may be targeted to benefit cardiometabolic health. Further insights for the role of standing need to be elicited.

Decreases in Serum Inhibin Levels Are Associated with Body Composition Changes across the Menopause Transition

2011 ◽  
pp. P3-192-P3-192
Author(s):  
Nisreen S Akel ◽  
Elizabeth J Atkinson ◽  
Sundeep Khosla ◽  
Larry J Suva ◽  
Dana Gaddy
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Menopause Transition ◽  
Composition Changes
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