Human adipose tissue is a putative direct target of daytime orexin with favorable metabolic effects: A cross‐sectional study

Obesity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nir Goldstein ◽  
Hiroshi Tsuneki ◽  
Nikhil Bhandarkar ◽  
Eleonora Aimaretti ◽  
Yulia Haim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Human Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Direct Target

Senescent cells in human adipose tissue: A cross‐sectional study

Obesity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Elena Espinosa De Ycaza ◽  
Esben Søndergaard ◽  
Maria Morgan‐Bathke ◽  
Barbara Gisella Carranza Leon ◽  
Kelli A. Lytle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Human Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Dysfunctional Adiposity Index as a Useful Clinical Tool for Early Identification of Adipose Tissue Morpho-Functional Abnormalities and Cardiometabolic Disorders in Apparently Healthy Subjects

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Reyes-Barrera ◽  
Victor H. Sainz-Escárrega ◽  
Aida X. Medina-Urritia ◽  
Esteban Jorge-Galarza ◽  
Horacio Osorio-Alonso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adiposity Index ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Abstract BackgroundCompared to body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and adiposity measurements, adipose tissue morpho-functionality evaluations are more consistent predictors of cardiometabolic abnormalities. However, these evaluations require determination of adipokines and other non-routine biochemical parameters, which is not feasible in clinical practice. The present study establishes dysfunctional adiposity index (DAI) as a simple, accessible, and reliable marker of early adipocytes morpho-functional abnormalities and cardiometabolic diseases.MethodsTo establish the DAI constant parameters, 340 subjects (134 males and 206 females) without cardiovascular risk factors were selected from a cross-sectional study. Then, DAI was calculated in 36 healthy subjects who underwent subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsy, for whom adipocytes number and size, body composition, circulating adipokines, glucose, insulin, and lipids were also determined. The correlation of DAI with adipocyte morphology (size/number of adipocytes) and functionality (adiponectin/leptin ratio) was analyzed. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to define the optimal DAI cut-off point to identify metabolic abnormalities. Finally, the independent association of DAI with cardiometabolic abnormalities was determined in 1418 subjects from the cross-sectional study through multivariate analyses.ResultsThe constant parameters to calculate the DAI were [WC/[22.79+[2.68*BMI]]]*[triglycerides (TG, mmol/L)/1.37]*[1.19/high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C, mmol/L)] for males, and [WC/[24.02+[2.37*BMI]]]*[TG(mmol/L)/1.32]*[1.43/HDL-C(mmol/L)] for females. In subjects underwent biopsy, DAI correlated with adipocytes mean area (r=0.358; p=0.032), adipocyte number (r=-0.381; p=0.024), adiponectin/leptin ratio (r=-0.483; p=0.003), and systemic inflammation markers. Compared to BMI, WC, and visceral fat, DAI was the only determination associated with insulin resistance (area under the curve: 0.743; p = 0.017). In the cross-sectional study, DAI ≥1.065 was independently associated with diabetes (OR: 1.96; 95%CI: 1.36-2.84), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (OR: 2.57; 95%CI: 1.98-3.33), subclinical atherosclerosis (OR: 1.74; 95%CI: 1.02-2.94), and hypertension (OR: 1.44; 95%CI: 1.10-1.88).ConclusionsThe present study establishes the constant parameters to calculate the DAI and highlights that a DAI ≥ 1.065 is associated with early cardiometabolic abnormalities independently of adiposity and other risk factors. Since DAI is calculated using accessible parameters routinely used in the clinic, this indicator can be easily incorporated in clinical practice for the early identification of adipose tissue abnormalities in apparently healthy subjects.

scholarly journals Insulin resistance in PLHIV on HAART and HAART naïve PLHIV: A Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Prabir Kumar Ganguly ◽  
Niladri Das
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group I

ABSTRACT HAART (Highly active antiretroviral therapy) has transformed a fatal disease to a chronic, manageable disease. But long term toxicities are emerging after prolonged exposure to antiretroviral therapy(ART). Adverse metabolic effects like dyslipidemia, increased blood pressure, and insulin resistance(IR) have been attributed to HAART. Therefore, the use of HAART raises concerns regarding metabolic disorders and cardiovascular risk in HIV(Human immunodeficiency virus) infected patients. Objective: To determine the prevalence of insulin resistance in a cohort of HIV infected patients on HAART as compared to HAART naïve PLHIV(People living with HIV) Methods: A cross sectional study includes 53 subjects, out of which 26 were PLHIV on ART –Group I, 27 were ART naïve PLHIV-Group II was conducted. Insulin resistance was determined by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) mathematical model. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the association between demographic, clinical characteristics, laboratory results and insulin resistance. Results: 69.5 % PLHIV on HAART showed IR, as compared to 37 % of ART naïve PLHIV (p= 0.01). MetS(Metabolic Syndrome) was found in 53.8% among PLHIV on ART , compared to 11.1% among ART naïve PLHIV(p= 0.001) .In the multivariate analysis, presence of metabolic syndrome was found to be directly associated with insulin resistance.

scholarly journals Pericoronary adipose tissue computed tomography attenuation distinguishes different stages of coronary artery disease: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Lin ◽  
Nitesh Nerlekar ◽  
Jeremy Yuvaraj ◽  
Katrina Fernandes ◽  
Cathy Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Imaging Biomarker ◽  
Plaque Burden ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ct Attenuation ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Stable Cad

Abstract Aims  Vascular inflammation inhibits local adipogenesis in pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT) and this can be detected on coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) as an increase in CT attenuation of PCAT surrounding the proximal right coronary artery (RCA). In this cross-sectional study, we assessed the utility of PCAT CT attenuation as an imaging biomarker of coronary inflammation in distinguishing different stages of coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods and results Sixty patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) were prospectively recruited to undergo CCTA within 48 h of admission, prior to invasive angiography. These participants were matched to patients with stable CAD (n = 60) and controls with no CAD (n = 60) by age, gender, BMI, risk factors, medications, and CT tube voltage. PCAT attenuation around the proximal RCA was quantified per-patient using semi-automated software. Patients with MI had a higher PCAT attenuation (−82.3 ± 5.5 HU) compared with patients with stable CAD (−90.6 ± 5.7 HU, P < 0.001) and controls (−95.8 ± 6.2 HU, P < 0.001). PCAT attenuation was significantly increased in stable CAD patients over controls (P = 0.01). The association of PCAT attenuation with stage of CAD was independent of age, gender, cardiovascular risk factors, epicardial adipose tissue volume, and CCTA-derived quantitative plaque burden. No interaction was observed for clinical presentation (MI vs. stable CAD) and plaque burden on PCAT attenuation. Conclusion PCAT CT attenuation as a quantitative measure of global coronary inflammation independently distinguishes patients with MI vs. stable CAD vs. no CAD. Future studies should assess whether this imaging biomarker can track patient responses to therapies in different stages of CAD.

Higher malnutrition risk is related to increased intramuscular adipose tissue of the quadriceps in older inpatients: A cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 2586-2592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoki Akazawa ◽  
Naomi Okawa ◽  
Toshikazu Hino ◽  
Ryota Tsuji ◽  
Kimiyuki Tamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intramuscular Adipose Tissue ◽  
Older Inpatients

scholarly journals Characteristics of inhomogeneous lower extremity growth and development in early childhood: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudarat Apibantaweesakul ◽  
Shiho Omura ◽  
Weihuang Qi ◽  
Hiroto Shiotani ◽  
Pavlos E. Evangelidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Joint Torque ◽  
Limb Length ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Early childhood is a transferring stage between the two accelerated growth periods (infant and adolescent). Body dimensions are related to physical growth and development. The purpose of this study was to investigate physical growth in terms of anthropometry, muscle growth of the lower extremity, and functional development over early childhood. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out on 29 preschool children (PS: 3–5 years), 21 school children (SC: 6–8 years), and 22 adults (AD: 20–35 years). Lower extremity characteristics (segmental dimensions, muscle and adipose tissue thicknesses of the thigh and lower leg), and voluntary joint torque (knee and ankle) were measured. Correlations between parameters and group comparisons were performed. Results All the parameters except for body mass index (BMI) and subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness were correlated with age for PS and SC combined (r = 0.479–0.920, p < 0.01). Relative thigh and shank lengths to body height were greatest in AD and smallest in PS (p < 0.05) but the relative foot dimensions were significantly larger in PS and SC than in AD (p < 0.05). Relative subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness was largest in PS and lowest in AD. Muscle thickness and the muscle volume measure (estimated from muscle thickness and limb length) were significantly larger in older age groups (p < 0.05). All groups showed comparable muscle thickness when normalized to limb length. Joint torque normalized to estimated muscle volume was greatest for AD, followed by SC and PS (p < 0.05). Conclusions Relative lower extremity lengths increase with age, except for the foot dimensions. Muscle size increases with age in proportion to the limb length, while relative adiposity decreases. Torque-producing capacity is highly variable in children and rapidly develops toward adulthood. This cross-sectional study suggests that children are not a small scale version of adults, neither morphologically nor functionally.

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