Relationships of Physical Activity and Diet Quality with Body Composition and Fat Distribution in US Adults

Obesity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 2431-2440
Author(s):  
Furong Xu ◽  
Geoffrey W. Greene ◽  
Jacob E. Earp ◽  
Alessandra Adami ◽  
Matthew J. Delmonico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Fat Distribution

scholarly journals Associations among Physical Activity, Diet, and Obesity Measures Change during Adolescence

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janne H. Maier ◽  
Ronald Barry
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Blood Institute ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Juvenile Obesity ◽  
Positive Correlations

Background. Obesity in youth is highly prevalent. Physical activity and diet are influential in obesity development. However, there is a knowledge gap regarding links between activity and diet quality and their combined influence on obesity during adolescence.Objectives. We used five years of data from 2379 adolescent girls in the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study to evaluate the association between physical activity and diet quality during adolescence and to assess both as correlates of obesity.Design. Diet, activity, and body composition measures were evaluated pairwise for correlation. A canonical correlation analysis was used to evaluate relationships within and between variable groups. All statistics were examined for trends over time.Results. We found positive correlations between physical activity and diet quality that became stronger with age. Additionally we discovered an age-related decrease in association between obesity correlates and body composition.Conclusion. These results suggest that while health behaviors, like diet and activity, become more closely linked during growth, obesity becomes less influenced by health behaviors and other factors. This should motivate focus on juvenile obesity prevention capitalizing on the pliable framework for establishing healthy diet and physical activity patterns while impact on body composition is greatest.

Energy Expenditure and Body Fat Distribution in Mohawk Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
Michael I. Goran ◽  
Mary Kaskoun ◽  
Rachel Johnson ◽  
Charlene Martinez ◽  
Benson Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Fat Free Mass

Objective. Epidemiologic studies suggest that Native Americans, including the Mohawk people, have a high prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular risk. However, current information on alterations in related variables such as energy metabolism and body composition in Native Americans is almost exclusively limited to already obese Pima adults living in the Southwest. The aim of this study was to characterize energy metabolism and body composition in young Mohawk children (17 girls, 11 boys; aged 4 to 7 years) as compared to Caucasian children (36 girls, 34 boys; aged 4 to 7 years). Total energy expenditure was measured by doubly labeled water, postprandial resting energy expenditure by indirect calorimetry, and activity energy expenditure was derived from the difference between total and resting energy expenditure. Fat and fat free mass were estimated from bioelectrical resistance, and body fat distribution was estimated from skinfolds and circumferences. Results. There were no significant effects of ethnic background or sex on body weight, height, or body mass index. Fat free mass was significantly higher in boys and fat mass was significantly higher in girls, with no effect of ethnic background. Chest skinfold thickness, the ratio of trunk skinfolds:extremity skinfolds, and the waist:hip ratio were significantly higher in Mohawk children by 2.5 mm, 0.09 units, and 0.03 units, respectively, independent of sex and fat mass. Total energy expenditure was significantly higher in Mohawk children compared to Caucasian (100 kcal/day in girls, 150 kcal/day in boys), independent of fat free mass and sex, due to a significantly higher physical activity-related energy expenditure. Conclusion. These data suggest that: 1) body fat is more centrally distributed in Mohawk relative to Caucasian children, and this effect is independent of sex and body fat content; 2) Mohawk children have a greater total energy expenditure than Caucasian children, independent of fat free mass, due to greater physical activity-related energy expenditure.

Abstract P259: Improvements in Diet Quality Are Associated With Reduced Abdominal Adiposetissue: A Prospective Study

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Hennein ◽  
Jiantao Ma ◽  
Michelle Long ◽  
Chunyu Liu ◽  
Daniel Levy
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Standard Deviation Increase ◽  
Fat Accumulation

Objectives: Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) are associated with cardiometabolic diseases. The relationship between diet quality and abdominal fat accumulation, however, has not been well studied. We aimed to examine the long-term association of change in diet quality and change in abdominal adipose tissue. Methods: In 1,677 participants who attended two consecutive Framingham Heart Study examinations, we measured the volume of VAT and SAT using multi-detector computed tomography at two time-points (median interval of 6 years). The ratio of VAT/SAT was calculated to reflect the relative abundance of these two fat stores, i.e., abdominal fat distribution. We created two scores to represent overall diet quality, the Mediterranean-style diet score (MDS) and the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) score, using food frequency questionnaires at baseline and follow-up exams. We analyzed the association between change in the dietary scores and change in VAT, SAT, and VAT/SAT ratio with adjustment for baseline covariates including sex, age, dietary score, VAT, SAT, or VAT/SAT ratio, BMI, energy intake, smoking status, physical activity score, and change in energy intake, smoking status, and physical activity. Results: For each standard deviation increase in ΔMDS (diet quality improved), VAT volume reduced by 53±19 cm 3 (P=0.005) and SAT volume declined by 52±20 cm 3 (P=0.01). Similarly, for each standard deviation increase in ΔAHEI (diet quality improved), VAT volume declined by 45±18 cm 3 (P=0.01) and SAT volume fell by 57±19 cm 3 (P=0.003). In addition, an increased MDS was associated with a decline in VAT/SAT ratio (P=0.04), but there was no association between ΔAHEI and change in VAT/SAT ratio (P=0.06). We also observed that improved intake of nuts (P=0.04), whole grains (P=0.02), and meat (P=0.005) for MDS and fruits (P=0.02) and meat (P=0.03) for AHEI were associated with a decline in VAT/SAT ratio. Conclusions: The present study demonstrates that longitudinal improvements in diet quality were associated with reduced abdominal fat accumulation, both VAT and SAT. In addition, improved dietary intake of fruits, nuts, whole grains, and meat may affect abdominal fat distribution, i.e., more likely to reduce fat accumulation in VAT relative to SAT.

scholarly journals Step-Defined Physical Activity Is Associated With Weight Loss and Changes in Body Composition and Fat Distribution in Response to Diet Interventions: The POUNDS Lost Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1259-1259
Author(s):  
Qiaochu Xue ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
Hao Ma ◽  
Tao Zhou ◽  
Yoriko Heianza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Adipose Tissue Mass ◽  
Fat Composition ◽  
Protein Diets

Abstract Objectives To examine whether objectively measured physical activity (PA) is associated with weight loss and changes in body composition and fat distribution in response to weight-loss diet interventions. Methods This study included 535 overweight or obese participants randomly assigned to 4 weight-loss diets varying in macronutrient intake with physical activity measured objectively with pedometers in the POUNDS Lost trial. The associations of step defined PA or the changes in PA with the changes in obesity measurements including body weight (BW), waist circumference (WC), body fat composition assessed by the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans, body fat distribution assessed by the computed tomography (CT) were examined at the 6 and 24 months. We also examined whether the associations were modified by diet interventions. Results The increase of step-defined PA was significantly predictive of weight loss and decrease in all measurements of body fat composition and distribution in response to diet interventions over 24 months (P < 0.0001 for all). We also observed significant inverse associations of changes in PA with changes in BW (P < 0.0001), WC (P < 0.0001), body fat composition (P < 0.05 for total fat, total lean, total fat mass %, and trunk fat %) and fat distribution (P < 0.05 for total adipose tissue mass (TAT), visceral adipose tissue mass (VAT), deep subcutaneous adipose tissue mass (DSAT)) from baseline to 6 months, when the maximum weight loss was achieved. Dietary fat or protein intake modified the associations between changes in PA and changes in body weight and waist circumference over 24 months; greater reduction in these measures was observed in participants with high-fat or low-protein diets than those in the low-fat or high-protein diets (P interaction < 0.05 for all). Conclusions Our results indicate that objectively measured PA is inversely related to the changes in body weight, body composition, and fat distribution in response to weight-loss diets, and such relation is more evident in people with high-fat or low-protein diets. Funding Sources The study was supported by grants from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, the Fogarty International Center, and Tulane Research Centers of Excellence Awards.

Measurement Issues Related to Studies of Childhood Obesity: Assessment of Body Composition, Body Fat Distribution, Physical Activity, and Food Intake

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 101 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 505-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael I. Goran
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Body Fat Distribution ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Nutrition Research ◽  
Distribution Energy

This article reviews the current status of various methodologies used in obesity and nutrition research in children, with particular emphasis on identifying priorities for research needs. The focus of the article is 1) to review methodologic aspects involved with measurement of body composition, body-fat distribution, energy expenditure and substrate use, physical activity, and food intake in children; and 2) to present an inventory of research priorities.

scholarly journals Changes in Sedentary and Active Lifestyle, Diet Quality and Body Composition Nine Months after an Education Program in Polish Students Aged 11–12 Years: Report from the ABC of Healthy Eating Study

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia Wadolowska ◽  
Jadwiga Hamulka ◽  
Joanna Kowalkowska ◽  
Natalia Ulewicz ◽  
Monika Hoffmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Nutrition Knowledge ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Central Adiposity ◽  
Active Lifestyle ◽  
School Based

The sustainability of education focused on improving the dietary and lifestyle behaviours of teenagers has not been extensively studied. The aim of this study was to determine the sustainability of diet-related and lifestyle-related school-based education on sedentary and active lifestyle, diet quality and body composition of Polish pre-teenagers in a medium-term follow-up study. An education-based intervention study was carried out on 464 students aged 11–12 years (educated/control group: 319/145). Anthropometric measurements were taken and body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-height ratios (WHtR) were calculated, both at the baseline and after nine months. Dietary data from a short-form food frequency questionnaire (SF-FFQ4PolishChildren) were collected. Two measures of lifestyle (screen time, physical activity) and two diet quality scores (pro-healthy, pHDI, and non-healthy, nHDI) were established. After nine months, in the educated group (vs. control) a significantly higher increase was found in nutrition knowledge score (mean difference of the change: 1.8 points) with a significantly higher decrease in physical activity (mean difference of the change: −0.20 points), nHDI (−2.3% points), the z-WHtR (−0.18 SD), and the z-waist circumference (−0.13 SD). Logistic regression modelling with an adjustment for confounders revealed that after nine months in the educated group (referent: control), the chance of adherence to a nutrition knowledge score of at least the median was over 2 times higher, and that of the nHDI category of at least the median was significantly lower (by 35%). In conclusion, diet-related and lifestyle-related school-based education from an almost one-year perspective can reduce central adiposity in pre-teenagers, despite a decrease in physical activity and the tendency to increase screen time. Central adiposity reduction can be attributed to the improvement of nutrition knowledge in pre-teenagers subjected to the provided education and to stopping the increase in unhealthy dietary habits.

Application of Simple Anthropometry in the Assessment of Health Risk: Implications for the Canadian Physical Activity, Fitness and Lifestyle Appraisal

2002 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 396-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Janssen ◽  
Steven B. Heymsfield ◽  
Robert Ross
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Research Technology ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Ultimate Objective

Incremental improvements in our knowledge of the associations between human body composition and disease have been facilitated by advances in research technology. Magnetic resonance imaging and computerized tomography are among the technological advances that have helped unravel the mechanisms that link body composition and disease. However, because the use of these methods in large-scale studies and field settings is impractical, the potential relationships between body composition and health risk rely on the use of anthropometric tools. Indeed, the application of simple anthropometry to identify relationships between body composition and health risk in clinical practice is no less valuable than the use of advanced technologies to gain insight into the mechanistic links between body composition and disease in the laboratory. Accordingly, the purpose of this review is to summarize current knowledge regarding the ability of anthropometry to predict health risk and to act as surrogate measures of total and abdominal fat distribution. Because the ultimate objective is to make recommendations for revision to the Healthy Body Composition section of the Canadian Physical Activity, Fitness and Lifestyle Appraisal (CPAFLA) manual, we focus on those anthropometric methods specific to CPAFLA. Consistent with this objective, when necessary we present original data to reinforce important concepts not suitably addressed in the literature. Key words: body composition, fat distribution, obesity, visceral fat, anthropometry

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