scholarly journals No Evidence for Association of BMI with Salivary Amylase Gene Copy Number in the UK 1958 Birth Cohort

Obesity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 1533-1538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nzar A. A. Shwan ◽  
John A. L. Armour
Keyword(s):  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Gene Copy Number ◽  
Gene Copy ◽  
Amylase Gene ◽  
Salivary Amylase ◽  
The Uk

scholarly journals Pretreatment Prevotella-to-Bacteroides ratio and salivary amylase gene copy number as prognostic markers for dietary weight loss

2020 ◽  
Vol 111 (5) ◽  
pp. 1079-1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mads F Hjorth ◽  
Lars Christensen ◽  
Thomas M Larsen ◽  
Henrik M Roager ◽  
Lukasz Krych ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Gene Copy Number ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Gene Copy ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Amylase Gene ◽  
Salivary Amylase ◽  
To Receive

ABSTRACT Background The inconsistent link observed between salivary amylase gene copy number (AMY1 CN) and weight management is likely modified by diet and microbiome. Objective Based on analysis of a previously published study, we investigated the hypothesis that interaction between diet, Prevotella-to-Bacteriodes ratio (P/B ratio), and AMY1 CN influence weight change. Methods Sixty-two people with increased waist circumference were randomly assigned to receive an ad libitum New Nordic Diet (NND) high in dietary fiber, whole grain, intrinsic sugars, and starch or an Average Danish (Western) Diet (ADD) for 26 weeks. All foods were provided free of charge. Before subjects were randomly assigned to receive the NND or ADD diet, blood and fecal samples were collected, from which AMY1 CN and P/B ratio, respectively, were determined. Body weight change was described by using linear mixed models, including biomarker [log10(P/B ratio) and/or AMY1 CN] diet-group interactions. Results Baseline means ± SDs of log10(P/B ratio) and AMY1 CN were −2.1 ± 1.8 and 6.6 ± 2.4, respectively. Baseline P/B ratio predicted a 0.99-kg/unit (95% CI: 0.40, 1.57; n = 54; P < 0.001) higher weight loss for those subjects on the NND compared with those on the ADD diet, whereas AMY1 CN was not found to predict weight loss differences between the NND and ADD groups [0.05 kg/CN (95% CI: −0.40, 0.51; n = 54; P = 0.83)]. However, among subjects with low AMY1 CN (<6.5 copies), baseline P/B ratio predicted a 2.12-kg/unit (95% CI: 1.37, 2.88; n = 30; P < 0.001) higher weight loss for the NND group than the ADD group. No such differences in weight loss were found among subjects in both groups with high AMY1 CN [−0.17 kg/unit (95% CI: −1.01, 0.66; n = 24; P = 0.68)]. Conclusions The combined use of low AMY1 CN and pretreatment P/B ratio for weight loss prediction led to highly individualized weight loss results with the introduction of more fiber, whole grain, intrinsic sugars, and starch in the diet. These preliminary observations suggest that more undigested starch reaches the colon in individuals with low AMY1 CN, and that the fate of this starch depends on the gut microbiota composition. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01195610.

scholarly journals Human Salivary Amylase Gene Copy Number Impacts Oral and Gut Microbiomes

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-564.e7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela C. Poole ◽  
Julia K. Goodrich ◽  
Nicholas D. Youngblut ◽  
Guillermo G. Luque ◽  
Albane Ruaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Copy Number ◽  
Gene Copy Number ◽  
Gene Copy ◽  
Amylase Gene ◽  
Salivary Amylase

scholarly journals Salivary Amylase Gene Copy Number Is Associated with the Obesity and Inflammatory Markers in Children

2020 ◽  
Vol Volume 13 ◽  
pp. 1695-1701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaithinathan Selvaraju ◽  
Chandra MK Venkatapoorna ◽  
Jeganathan R Babu ◽  
Thangiah Geetha
Keyword(s):  
Copy Number ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Gene Copy Number ◽  
Gene Copy ◽  
Amylase Gene ◽  
Salivary Amylase

scholarly journals Salivary amylase gene copy number and its association with fasting and postprandial glucose response

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Farrell ◽  
Emily Sonestedt ◽  
Anne Raben ◽  
Juscelino Tovar ◽  
Stina Ramne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Gene Copy ◽  
Amylase Gene ◽  
Salivary Amylase ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Copy Numbers ◽  
Meal Study

AbstractIntroductionWhen compared to other primates, humans elicit a large variation in the copy number for the salivary amylase gene, AMY1. This variation can range from 2 to 17 copies. The AMY1 gene is responsible for coding for salivary amylase, an enzyme needed to catalyze the hydrolysis of starch molecules into smaller sugars. AMY1 copy number correlates with the amount and activity of salivary amylase. Few studies have investigated the effect of amylase copy number on fasting and postprandial glucose levels. The aim was first to investigate the association between AMY1 copy numbers and fasting glucose in an observational study, and secondly to investigate the difference in postprandial effect of high-starch meals in individuals with either high or low AMY1 copy numbers.Materials and methodsFor the observational study, we used data from 436 participants from the Malmö Offspring Study (MOS) cohort whom have been genotyped for AMY1. For the meal study (conducted during May 2019), we used genotype-based-recall to recruit 24 participants from the observational study of the MOS cohort: 12 with low AMY1 copy number (from the lowest 20%) and 12 with high AMY1 copy numbers (from the highest 20%). Each subject will be served a breakfast meal of white wheat bread on two separate test days: one containing 40 g and the other containing 80 g of carbohydrates (mainly starch). Blood samples will then be taken at various time points to investigate postprandial glucose and insulin responses.ResultsWhen using linear regression analyses adjusting for age and sex, no significant association between AMY1 copy number and fasting glucose was observed (p = 0.23). However, there was a difference (p = 0.05) in fasting glucose levels between the lowest (2–4 copy numbers: 5.31 mmol/L; 95% CI: 5.13–5.50) and highest (10–16 copy numbers: 5.57 mmol/L; 95% CI: 5.39–5.75) copy number groups. The results for the meal study will be obtained in June 2019 and be presented at the conference.DiscussionOur findings of higher fasting glucose among the group with more than 10 AMY1 copy numbers is the first study to find this and needs to be replicated in other populations.

scholarly journals Human amylase gene copy number variation as a determinant of metabolic state

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick J.D. Elder ◽  
David B. Ramsden ◽  
David Burnett ◽  
Martin O. Weickert ◽  
Thomas M. Barber
Keyword(s):  
Copy Number Variation ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Gene Copy Number ◽  
Gene Copy ◽  
Amylase Gene ◽  
Metabolic State ◽  
Gene Copy Number Variation ◽  
Number Variation

scholarly journals Diet and the evolution of human amylase gene copy number variation

2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 1256-1260 ◽  
Author(s):  
George H Perry ◽  
Nathaniel J Dominy ◽  
Katrina G Claw ◽  
Arthur S Lee ◽  
Heike Fiegler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Copy Number Variation ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Gene Copy Number ◽  
Gene Copy ◽  
Amylase Gene ◽  
Gene Copy Number Variation ◽  
Number Variation

scholarly journals Author response: Independent amylase gene copy number bursts correlate with dietary preferences in mammals

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petar Pajic ◽  
Pavlos Pavlidis ◽  
Kirsten Dean ◽  
Lubov Neznanova ◽  
Rose-Anne Romano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Copy Number ◽  
Gene Copy Number ◽  
Author Response ◽  
Gene Copy ◽  
Amylase Gene ◽  
Dietary Preferences

scholarly journals Amylasecopy number analysis in several mammalian lineages reveals convergent adaptive bursts shaped by diet

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petar Pajic ◽  
Pavlos Pavlidis ◽  
Kirsten Dean ◽  
Lubov Neznanova ◽  
Erin Daugherity ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Gene Copy Number ◽  
Gene Copy ◽  
Adaptive Mechanism ◽  
Amylase Gene ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Copy Number Amplification

AbstractThe amylase gene (AMY), which codes for a starch-digesting enzyme in animals, underwent several gene copy number gains in humans1, dogs2, and mice3, presumably along with increased starch consumption during the evolution of these species. Here we present evidence for additionalAMYcopy number expansions in several mammalian species, most of which also consume starch-rich diets. We also show that these independentAMYcopy number gains are often accompanied by a gain in enzymatic activity of amylase in saliva. We used multi-species coalescent modeling to provide further evidence that these recurrentAMYgene copy number expansions were adaptive. Our findings underscore the overall importance of gene copy number amplification as a flexible and fast adaptive mechanism in evolution that can independently occur in different branches of the phylogeny.

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