scholarly journals Obesity susceptibility loci and uncontrolled eating, emotional eating and cognitive restraint behaviors in men and women

Obesity ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. E135-E141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn C. Cornelis ◽  
Eric B. Rimm ◽  
Gary C. Curhan ◽  
Peter Kraft ◽  
David J. Hunter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Susceptibility Loci ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Cognitive Restraint ◽  
Obesity Susceptibility ◽  
Uncontrolled Eating

scholarly journals ADIPOQ gene is linked to emotional eating behaviour in young Nigerian adults independent of psychological traits

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Awoyemi Abayomi Awofala ◽  
Olusegun Emmanuel Ogundele ◽  
Khalid Olajide Adekoya
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Genetic Variant ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Psychological Traits ◽  
Adipoq Gene ◽  
Cognitive Restraint ◽  
Beta Coefficient ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Uncontrolled Eating

Abstract Background A disturbance in eating behaviour (EB) is the hallmark of patients with eating disorders, and depicts a complex interaction of environmental, psychological and biological factors. In the present study, we propose a model of association of genetic susceptibility—represented by adiponectin (ADIPOQ) gene—with eating behavioural and psychological traits. Results Evaluation of the distribution of a polymorphism of the ADIPOQ (rs1501299 G > T) with respect to three EB factors involving cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating and emotional eating revealed that T-allele in rs1501299 was associated with a decreased susceptibility to emotional EB in codominant (e.g., GG vs. TT) (beta-coefficient [β] = 2.39, 95% Confidence interval [CI] = − 4.02, − 0.76; p value [p] = 0.02), recessive (GG + GT vs. TT) (β = − 2.77, 95% CI = − 3.65, − 0.69; p = 0.005) and additive (GG = 0, GT = 1, TT = 2) (β = − 1.02, 95% CI = − 1.80, − 0.24; p = 0.01) models of inheritance. The presence of the T-allele was not significantly associated with psychological factors involving depression, anxiety and stress. Finally, none of the psychological traits significantly predicted any of the EB factors after controlling for age, body weight and gender. Conclusions Our data suggest that genetic variant in ADIPOQ locus may influence human emotional eating behaviour.

scholarly journals Eating Behaviours and Food Cravings; Influence of Age, Sex, BMI and FTO Genotype

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanan Abdella ◽  
Hameida El Farssi ◽  
David Broom ◽  
Dawn Hadden ◽  
Caroline Dalton
Keyword(s):  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Food Craving ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
Food Cravings ◽  
Linked Gene ◽  
Cognitive Restraint ◽  
Fatty Food ◽  
Uncontrolled Eating

Previous studies indicate that eating behaviours and food cravings are associated with increased BMI and obesity. However, the interaction between these behaviours and other variables such as age, sex, BMI and genetics is complex. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between eating behaviours and food cravings, and to examine the influence of age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) genotype on these relationships. A total of 475 participants (252 female, 223 male, BMI: 25.82 ± 6.14 kg/m2, age: 30.65 ± 14.20 years) completed the revised 18-question version of the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-R18) to assess cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating and emotional eating, and the Food Cravings Inventory (FCI) to assess cravings for fatty food, sweet food, carbohydrates and fast food. DNA samples were genotyped for the rs9939609 polymorphism in the obesity-linked gene FTO. Questionnaire data was analysed for associations between the TFEQ-R18 and FCI subscales for the whole study group, and the group divided by sex, genotype and age (≤25 years versus >25 years). Finally, mediation analysis was used to explore the relationships between BMI, cognitive restraint and food cravings. FTO AA + AT genotype was associated with increased BMI, but not with differences in eating behavior scores or food craving scores; age was associated with increased BMI and decreases in food craving scores in which this effect was stronger in women compared to men. Increased cognitive restraint was associated with decreased food craving scores in the ≤25 years group. Mediation analysis demonstrated that in this group the association between BMI and reduced food cravings was mediated by cognitive restraint indicating that in this age group individuals use cognitive restraint to control their food cravings. The positive correlation between age and BMI confirms previous results but the findings of this study show that age, sex, FTO genotype and BMI have an influence on the relationships between eating behaviours and food cravings and that these variables interact.

scholarly journals Anxiety, stress, and binge eating tendencies in adolescence: a prospective approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele C. Lim ◽  
Sam Parsons ◽  
Alessia Goglio ◽  
Elaine Fox
Keyword(s):  
Binge Eating ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cognitive Restraint ◽  
Random Intercept ◽  
Interaction Term ◽  
Uncontrolled Eating ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Recent years have witnessed an increasing prevalence of binge eating tendencies in adolescence—warranting a clearer understanding of their underlying predisposing and precipitating factors. The current study investigated whether the interaction between high levels of anxiety and stress predicted increased levels of binge eating tendencies in a prospective cohort of adolescents (N = 324). Methods Measurements were taken over three waves (M ages: 13.33, 14.48, 15.65) as part of the CogBIAS Longitudinal Study. Longitudinal associations between levels of anxiety and stress with binge eating tendencies were estimated using a random intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM), which calculates within-person fluctuations over time while accounting for individual trait-like stability and between-person variations. Binge eating tendencies were measured by the Cognitive Restraint, Uncontrolled Eating, and Emotional Eating styles from the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18. Two models were created for each binge eating tendencies variable: (1) a basic model with anxiety and stress as independent variables; (2) an interaction model with an additional anxiety*stress interaction term. Model fit was assessed by SEM fit indices: X2, CFI, NFI, TLI, RMSEA, SRMR. Superior model fit was ascertained by a chi-square difference test (p < .05). Results For Cognitive Restraint, the interaction model demonstrated superior fit to the data (p < .05). The anxiety*stress interaction at Waves 1 and 2 was significantly negatively associated with Cognitive Restraint at Waves 2 (β = −0.18, p = .002) and 3 (β = −0.14, p = .002)—suggesting that anxiety and stress interacted to predict increased binge eating tendencies linked with cognitive restraint over and above their independent effects. In contrast, the interaction term between anxiety*stress did not predict levels of Uncontrolled Eating or Emotional Eating over time. Conclusions The results highlight the importance of increasing awareness of the interaction between concurrently high anxiety and stress as a potential risk factor for binge eating tendencies in young people. Trial registration Not applicable.

scholarly journals Association between Cognitive Restraint, Uncontrolled Eating, Emotional Eating and BMI and the Amount of Food Wasted in Early Adolescent Girls

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinan Banna ◽  
Chloe Panizza ◽  
Carol Boushey ◽  
Edward Delp ◽  
Eunjung Lim
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Early Adolescent ◽  
Food Record ◽  
Cognitive Restraint ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Uncontrolled Eating ◽  
Three Factor

Understanding of behavioral factors associated with obesity is of importance in addressing this issue. This study examined the association between cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating, emotional eating and body mass index (BMI) and amount of food plated, consumed, leftovers, and leftover food thrown into the trash (food wasted) in early adolescent girls nine to 13 years in O’ahu, Hawai’i (n = 93). Food plated, consumed, leftovers, and food wasted were estimated using a three-day mobile food record™ (mFR). Weight and height were measured to compute BMI (kg/m2). The three-factor eating questionnaire provided a score from 0 to 100 for cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating, and emotional eating. Higher scores are indicative of greater cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating, and emotional eating. Pearson’s correlations were computed to examine the relationship between three factor eating scores and BMI. General linear models were conducted to examine the effect of each of three-factor eating scores on food plated, consumed, leftovers, and food wasted. Cognitive restraint was positively correlated with BMI (r = 0.36, p < 0.001) and with BMI z-score (r = 0.40, p < 0.001). There were no associations between three-factor eating scores and food plated, consumed, leftovers, and food wasted at lunch. However, at dinner, total energy plated, left over, and food wasted increased by 4.24 kcal/day (p = 0.030), 1.67 kcal/day (p = 0.002), and 0.93 kcal/day (p = 0.031), respectively, with a unit increase in uncontrolled eating score. Similarly, total energy plated and energy left over at dinner increased by 3.40 kcal/day (p = 0.045) and 1.51 kcal/day (p = 0.001), respectively, with a unit increase in emotional eating score. Additional research should examine the specific roles of cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating, emotional eating and food waste in the development of obesity in adolescents.

Do sociodemographic factors and anthropometric measurements affect eating behavior patterns?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eda Koksal ◽  
Melahat Sedanur Macit ◽  
Saniye Bilici ◽  
Efsun Karabudak
Keyword(s):  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Anthropometric Measurements ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cognitive Restraint ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Uncontrolled Eating

Purpose Obesity is a chronic disease and it is very important to determine the underlying factors at the early stage. Disturbance in eating behaviors may predict the obesity risk. Design/methodology/approach In the present study, it was aimed to investigate eating behavior of Turkish adults by using The Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18 (TFEQ-R18) and to analyze the association between anthropometric measurements and socio-demographic factors. Findings Individuals composed of 698 males, aged 28.6 ± 10.3 years and 1,736 females, aged 25.1 ± 7.8 years. Demographic characteristics participants were obtained via a questionnaire. TFEQ-R18for assessing eating behavior was used. Results claim that the usage of TFEQ-R18 was appropriate for non-obese individuals (Cronbach’s α value 0.83 for underweight group (n = 180, 7.4%), 0.76 for normal group (n = 1604, 65.9%), 0.69 for overweight group (n = 492, 20.2%), 0.69 obese group (n = 158, 6.5%). Gender seems to effect emotional eating scores (p = 0.026) and employment status seem to affect all TFEQ-R18 sub-group dimensions (cognitive eating scores, p = 0.022, uncontrolled eating scores, p < 0.001, emotional eating scores, p < 0.001). Divorced individuals tend to have higher cognitive restraint scores (16.2 ± 3.7). Although, single people have higher emotional eating scores (7.5 ± 2.6) (p = 0.006). There is a positive correlation among waist–height ratio, waist and neck circumference and cognitive restraint and uncontrolled eating scores (p < 0.001). However, body weight and height correlate negatively with cognitive restraint scores (p < 0.001). Originality/value According to the authors’ knowledge, this study gives brief results for the usage of TFEQ-R18 and the ability to predict eating behaviors in the general population.

scholarly journals Cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating and emotional eating: correlations between parent and adolescent

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blandine de Lauzon-Guillain ◽  
Monique Romon ◽  
Dara Musher-Eizenman ◽  
Barbara Heude ◽  
Arnaud Basdevant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Cognitive Restraint ◽  
Uncontrolled Eating

scholarly journals Food Cravings and Eating: The Role of Experiential Avoidance

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Fahrenkamp ◽  
Katherine Darling ◽  
Elizabeth Ruzicka ◽  
Amy Sato
Keyword(s):  
Experiential Avoidance ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Late Adolescents ◽  
Food Cravings ◽  
Cognitive Restraint ◽  
Problematic Eating ◽  
Problematic Eating Behaviors ◽  
Uncontrolled Eating

Food cravings have been associated with problematic eating behaviors, such as emotional eating. Late adolescence is an important developmental period to examine this association, as late adolescents have greater independence in food choices as well as potentially higher demands during a transitional period of their lives. Mechanisms underlying the association between food cravings and problematic eating remain unclear. This study examined whether experiential avoidance (EA) may be one possible mechanism mediating the association between higher levels of food cravings and problematic eating behaviors. Late adolescents (n = 174) completed measures assessing EA, food cravings, and three problematic eating behaviors: emotional eating, cognitive restraint, and uncontrolled eating. Height and weight were measured objectively to calculate body mass index (BMI). Food cravings were positively associated with emotional eating and mediated by EA. EA also significantly mediated the association between greater cognitive restraint and greater food cravings. No significant mediation was detected for food cravings and uncontrolled eating. Future research may consider EA as a treatment target in intervention strategies for late adolescents seeking to decrease emotional or restrained eating behaviors.

scholarly journals The role of the environment in overweight and eating behavior variability: Insights from a multivariate twin study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritz Herle ◽  
Juan J Madrid-Valero ◽  
José J Morosoli ◽  
Lucía Colodro-Conde ◽  
Juan Ordoñana
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Cognitive Restraint ◽  
Twin Registry ◽  
Uncontrolled Eating

AbstractThe health consequences of overweight and obesity remain one of the greatest global health challenges. Twin and molecular studies have confirmed the genetic basis of individual differences in BMI; however, genetics cannot explain the rapid rise of obesity rates over the past decades. Eating behaviors have been stipulated to be the behavioral expression of genetic risk in an obesogenic environment. Multivariate twin studies can inform future applied research by providing insights into the etiology of the relationship between behaviors and BMI. In this study, we aimed to decompose variation and covariation between three key eating behaviors and BMI in a sample from a population-based twin registry of adult women in the southeast of Spain, The Murcia Twin Registry (345 complete, 9 incomplete, same-sex female twin pairs, 175 MZ, 170 DZ). Phenotypes were emotional eating, uncontrolled eating, and cognitive restraint, as measured by the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire, as well as objectively measured BMI. Variation in eating behaviors was mostly driven by non-shared environmental factors (range: 56-65%), whereas shared environmental and genetic factors were secondary. All three eating behaviors were associated with BMI at a phenotypic level (range r=0.19–0.25). Etiological correlations implied that non-shared environmental factors underly the covariations of the phenotypes (Emotional eating – Uncontrolled eating: rE= 0.54, 95%CI: 0.43, 0.64; BMI – Cognitive restraint: rE= 0.15, 95%CI: 0.01, 0.28). Results indicate that in contrast to BMI, individual differences in eating behaviors are mostly explained by non-shared environmental factors, which also account for the phenotypic correlation between eating behaviors and BMI. These results support that eating behaviors are viable intervention targets to help individuals reach and maintain a healthy weight.

scholarly journals Sensory perception and psychological aspects of eating behavior: factors influencing fat hedonics in Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-318
Author(s):  
Yun Fei Tan ◽  
See Kwong Goh ◽  
See Wan Yan
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Psychological Aspects ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Obesity Epidemic ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Cognitive Restraint ◽  
Three Factor Eating Questionnaire ◽  
Uncontrolled Eating ◽  
The Relationship

Understanding the causes of obesity epidemic requires examination of what contributes to preference of palatable foods. Using a sensorial-consumer approach, this research examined the relationship between the sensation of the hedonic liking of fat with psychological and weight profiles. The study began with preliminary testing of the hedonic ratings of 24 food items (12 low fat (LF), 12 high fat(HF)) and completion of the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-R18) investigating cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating and emotional eating aspects. Eight (8) out of the twelve (12) food pairs that had discriminating characteristics were selected, for inclusion in the study, by 347 panellists. Results showed that overweight individuals had significantly lower liking towards LF sensation (4.27±2.13, p= 0.001) but significantly higher liking towards HF sensation (5.26±2.33, p= 0.001), compared to normal BMI individuals who had a significantly higher liking towards LF sensation (5.69±2.35, p= 0.001) but significantly lower liking towards HF sensation (4.17±2.40, p= 0.001). The Pearson product-moment correlation revealed similar trends on the association between liking of fat sensation and eating behaviour regardless of weight statuses. Specifically, cognitive restrainers were found to prefer the LF sensation while HF sensation were more favoured among uncontrolled and emotional eaters. This highlights the importance of investigating the combined effect of psychological aspects of eating behaviour and weight profiles towards liking of fat sensation.

scholarly journals Psychological Constructs and Dysfunctional Eating in Pakistani University Students

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Parental Bonding ◽  
Core Beliefs ◽  
Psychological Constructs ◽  
Cognitive Restraint ◽  
Eating Disorders Inventory ◽  
Three Factor Eating Questionnaire ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Uncontrolled Eating

The&nbsp;present study aims to test a model that seeks to explainhow Parental Bonding and Loneliness may be responsible&nbsp;in the developmentof Dysfunctional Eating&nbsp;Patterns such as&nbsp;Cognitive Restraint,Emotional Eating, Uncontrolled Eating,&nbsp;Drive&nbsp;toward Thinness, Bulimiaand Dissatisfaction with Body Image.&nbsp;It was further hypothesizedthat&nbsp;Metacognitions, Core beliefs andMeta-Emotions&nbsp;would&nbsp;mediate&nbsp;between&nbsp;Loneliness,&nbsp;ParentalBonding, and the aforementioned Dysfunctional Eating Patterns. Correlationalresearch design&nbsp;has been&nbsp;used. A sample of 210 university studentswas selected from government and private universities. Urdu translated versionsof UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3), Three Factor Eating Questionnaire-R-18,Eating Disorders Inventory-3, Parental Bonding&nbsp;Inventory,&nbsp;Beliefsabout Emotions Scale, Eating Disorders Belief Questionnaire&nbsp;andMetacognitions Questionnaire&nbsp;were&nbsp;used for assessment purposes.Correlational&nbsp;Analysis,&nbsp;and Multiple Hierarchical Regressionwere&nbsp;used to analyze the data.&nbsp;Almost all dimensions of&nbsp;ParentalBonding showed significant relationship with some patterns of DysfunctionalEating.&nbsp;Loneliness did not show any significant&nbsp;correlation withDysfunctional Eating.&nbsp;None&nbsp;of the hypothesized mediators(Metacognitions,&nbsp;Meta-Emotions and Core Beliefs) mediated&nbsp;therelationship between&nbsp;Parental Bonding dimensions and patterns&nbsp;ofDysfunctional Eating, yet&nbsp;some&nbsp;interesting relationships emerged.&nbsp;The findings of this research can help in understanding the culturaldifferences between East and West. Possible reasons why results could notsupport the previous literature are discussed. &nbsp;

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