Cattle husbandry and aurochs hunting in the Neolithic of northern Central Europe and southern Scandinavia. A statistical approach to distinguish between domestic and wild forms

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Schmölcke ◽  
Daniel Groß
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Statistical Approach ◽  
Southern Scandinavia ◽  
Cattle Husbandry

scholarly journals Influences from the Huns on Scandinavian Sacrificial Customs during 300-500 AD

1993 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 275-298
Author(s):  
Marianne Görman
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Sixth Century ◽  
Southern Scandinavia ◽  
Ways Of Thinking ◽  
Votive Offerings

Votive offerings may be our main source of knowledge concerning the religion of the Iron Age before the Vikings. An important question is the connection between two kinds of sacrificial finds, i.e. horse sacrifices and burial offerings. They are contemporary and they share the same background. They can both be traced back to the Huns. This means that in all probability religious ideas occurred in southern Scandinavia during the fourth to the sixth century which were strongly influenced by the Huns, who were powerful in Central Europe at that time. The explanation of this is probably that some Scandinavians, for instance by serving as mercenaries, had come in contact with the Huns and, at least to some extent, assimilated their ways of thinking and their religious ideas.

scholarly journals Spatial cognition in landscape designations in the area of the Old European Hydronymy

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-84
Author(s):  
Rosemarie Lühr
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Spatial Cognition ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Spatial Relationships ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
Southern Scandinavia ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract Subject of the investigation are settlement names that refer to waters. These oikonyms are often the oldest. The research area is that of the Ancient European Hydronymy. The Old European hydronyms occur in Central Europe, in the Baltic region, in Southern Scandinavia, in the British Isles, in France, on the Iberian Peninsula and in Italy. The research question is, if the expression of spatial relationships in oikonyms with water words is a universal? It turns out to be also other naming strategies. The theoretical framework is Levinson’s (2008) description of spatial cognition. The connection of spatial cognition with landscape terms is new in toponomastics.

scholarly journals Nordic and Celtic: religion in southern Scandinavia during the late bronze age and early iron age

1990 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 329-343
Author(s):  
Marianne Görman
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Roman Period ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Sources Of Knowledge ◽  
Southern Scandinavia ◽  
The Bronze Age

By means of modern archeological research it is today possible to gain much information even from non-written material, This paper covers the late bronze age and early iron age, ca. 1000 B.C. —O. It is based on material from Denmark, the Southwest of Sweden, and the Southeast of Norway. This region formed a cultural unity since the sea bound the area together. Our main sources of knowledge of Nordic religion during this time span are votive offerings and rock-carvings. During the bronze age and early iron age the Nordic peasant population had intensive contacts with the Southeastern and Centralparts of Europe. A great quantity of imported objects bear evidence of widespread connections. The inhabitants of the Nordic area not only brought home objects, but also ideas and religious conceptions. This is clearly reflected in the iconography. The cultures with which connections were upheld and from which ideas were introduced were those of Hallstatt and La Tène. They were both Celtic iron age cultures prospering in Central Europe at the same time as the late bronze age and early iron age in the Nordic area. This means that the new symbols in the Nordic area come from a Celtic environment. Consequently, Celtic religion such as it may be found in the pre-Roman period, can clarify the meaning of the conceptions, linked with these symbols.

The millipede Craspedosoma raulinsii Leach, 1814 (Chordeumatida: Craspedosomatidae) in North America with comments on the derivation of its binomial name

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4455 (2) ◽  
pp. 389 ◽  
Author(s):  
DONALD F. McALPINE ◽  
WILLIAM A. SHEAR
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
New World ◽  
New Records ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Widespread Occurrence ◽  
The Third ◽  
Southern Scandinavia ◽  
First Time

The millipede Craspedosoma raulinsii (Craspedosomatidae) is widespread in Central Europe from Belarus and southern Scandinavia west to Britain and Ireland. Although the species is often not common and rarely encountered (Blower 1985, Hoffman 1999, Lee 2006), Kime (2004) reports C. raulinsii as the third most widespread millipede in Belgium. Shelley (1990) reported C. raulinsii (as C. rawlinsii) for the first time from North America (from Gatineau Park, Quebec, Canada) and noted the occurrence is the first introduction of a representative of the order Chordeumatida in the New World. Here we report new records that suggest widespread occurrence of this introduced millipede in eastern Canada and comment on the commonly-applied spelling of the specific epithet of the species. Vouchers have been deposited in the collections of the New Brunswick Museum (NBM).

scholarly journals Development of a monthly to seasonal forecast framework tailored to inland waterway transport in central Europe

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 6401-6423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Meißner ◽  
Bastian Klein ◽  
Monica Ionita
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Lead Time ◽  
Statistical Approach ◽  
Empirical Relationship ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Skill Score ◽  
Lead Times ◽  
Inland Waterway ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Prediction Approach

Abstract. Traditionally, navigation-related forecasts in central Europe cover short- to medium-range lead times linked to the travel times of vessels to pass the main waterway bottlenecks leaving the loading ports. Without doubt, this aspect is still essential for navigational users, but in light of the growing political intention to use the free capacity of the inland waterway transport in Europe, additional lead time supporting strategic decisions is more and more in demand. However, no such predictions offering extended lead times of several weeks up to several months currently exist for considerable parts of the European waterway network. This paper describes the set-up of a monthly to seasonal forecasting system for the German stretches of the international waterways of the Rhine, Danube and Elbe rivers. Two competitive forecast approaches have been implemented: the dynamical set-up forces a hydrological model with post-processed outputs from ECMWF general circulation model System 4, whereas the statistical approach is based on the empirical relationship (teleconnection) of global oceanic, climate and regional hydro-meteorological data with river flows. The performance of both forecast methods is evaluated in relation to the climatological forecast (ensemble of historical streamflow) and the well-known ensemble streamflow prediction approach (ESP, ensemble based on historical meteorology) using common performance indicators (correlation coefficient; mean absolute error, skill score; mean squared error, skill score; and continuous ranked probability, skill score) and an impact-based evaluation quantifying the potential economic gain. The following four key findings result from this study: (1) as former studies for other regions of central Europe indicate, the accuracy and/or skill of the meteorological forcing used has a larger effect than the quality of initial hydrological conditions for relevant stations along the German waterways. (2) Despite the predictive limitations on longer lead times in central Europe, this study reveals the existence of a valuable predictability of streamflow on monthly up to seasonal timescales along the Rhine, upper Danube and Elbe waterways, and the Elbe achieves the highest skill and economic value. (3) The more physically based and the statistical approach are able to improve the predictive skills and economic value compared to climatology and the ESP approach. The specific forecast skill highly depends on the forecast location, the lead time and the season. (4) Currently, the statistical approach seems to be most skilful for the three waterways investigated. The lagged relationship between the monthly and/or seasonal streamflow and the climatic and/or oceanic variables vary between 1 month (e.g. local precipitation, temperature and soil moisture) up to 6 months (e.g. sea surface temperature). Besides focusing on improving the forecast methodology, especially by combining the individual approaches, the focus is on developing useful forecast products on monthly to seasonal timescales for waterway transport and to operationalize the related forecasting service.

scholarly journals The evolution of dual meat and milk cattle husbandry in Linearbandkeramik societies

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1860) ◽  
pp. 20170905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosalind E. Gillis ◽  
Lenka Kovačiková ◽  
Stéphanie Bréhard ◽  
Emilie Guthmann ◽  
Ivana Vostrovská ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Age At Death ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
North Central ◽  
The North ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Cattle Husbandry ◽  
North Central Europe

Cattle dominate archaeozoological assemblages from the north-central Europe between the sixth and fifth millennium BC and are frequently considered as exclusively used for their meat. Dairy products may have played a greater role than previously believed. Selective pressure on the lactase persistence mutation has been modelled to have begun between 6000 and 4000 years ago in central Europe. The discovery of milk lipids in late sixth millennium ceramic sieves in Poland may reflect an isolated regional peculiarity for cheese making or may signify more generalized milk exploitation in north-central Europe during the Early Neolithic. To investigate these issues, we analysed the mortality profiles based on age-at-death analysis of cattle tooth eruption, wear and replacement from 19 archaeological sites of the Linearbandkeramik (LBK) culture (sixth to fifth millennium BC). The results indicate that cattle husbandry was similar across time and space in the LBK culture with a degree of specialization for meat exploitation in some areas. Statistical comparison with reference age-at-death profiles indicate that mixed husbandry (milk and meat) was practised, with mature animals being kept. The analysis provides a unique insight into LBK cattle husbandry and how it evolved in later cultures in central and western Europe. It also opens a new perspective on how and why the Neolithic way of life developed through continental Europe and how dairy products became a part of the human diet.

scholarly journals Development of a monthly to seasonal forecast framework tailored to inland waterway transport in Central Europe

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Meißner ◽  
Bastian Klein ◽  
Monica Ionita
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Lead Time ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Statistical Approach ◽  
Empirical Relationship ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Lead Times ◽  
Inland Waterway ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Prediction Approach

Abstract. Traditionally, navigation-related forecasts in Central Europe cover short- to medium-range lead-times linked to the travel times of vessels to pass the main waterway bottlenecks leaving the loading ports. Without doubt, this aspect is still essential for navigational users, but in light of the growing political intention to use the free capacity of the inland waterway transport in Europe, additional lead-time supporting strategic decisions is more and more in demand. However, no such predictions offering extended lead-times of several weeks up to several months ahead currently exist for considerable parts of the European waterway network. This paper describes the set-up of a monthly to seasonal forecasting system for the German stretches of the international waterways of Rhine, Danube and Elbe rivers. Two competitive forecast approaches have been implemented: the dynamical set-up forces a hydrological model with post-processed outputs from ECMWF general circulation model System 4, whereas the statistical approach is based on the empirical relationship (teleconnection) of global oceanic, climate and regional hydro-meteorological data with river flows. The performance of both forecast methods is evaluated in relation to the climatological forecast (ensemble of historical streamflow) and the well-known Ensemble Streamflow Prediction approach (ESP, ensemble based on historical meteorology) using common performance indicators as well as an impact-based evaluation quantifying the potential economic gain. The following four key findings result from this study: (1) As former studies for other regions of Central Europe indicate, also for relevant stations along the German waterways meteorological forcings dominate initial hydrological conditions in most cases already after the first forecast month. (2) Despite the predictive limitations on longer lead-times over Central Europe, this study reveals the existence of a valuable predictability of streamflow at monthly up to seasonal time-scales along Rhine, Upper Danube and Elbe, while the Elbe achieves the highest skill and value. (3) The more physically-based as well as the statistical approach are able to improve the predictive skills compared to climatology and the ESP-approach. The specific forecast skill highly depends on the forecast location, the lead-time and the season. (4) Currently, the statistical approach seems to be most skilful for the three waterways investigated. The lagged relationship between the monthly/seasonal streamflow and the climatic/oceanic variables vary between one month (e.g. local precipitation and temperature, soil moisture) up to six months (e.g. sea surface temperature). Besides improving the forecast methodology, especially by combining the individuals approaches, the focus is on developing useful forecast products on monthly to seasonal time-scale for waterway transport and to operationalize the related forecasting service.

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