A Medieval/Early Modern Alpine Population from Zweisimmen, Switzerland: A Comparative Study of Anthropology and Palaeopathology

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 958-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Somers ◽  
C. Cooper ◽  
A. Alterauge ◽  
S. Lösch
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Alpine Population

scholarly journals “One Kind of Water Brings Another.” Teresa de Jesús and Ibn ‘Arabi

Religions ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 542
Author(s):  
María M. Carrión
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Ibn Arabi ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Mystical Literature ◽  
Teresa De Jesus ◽  
Vital Element

Mystical literature and spirituality from 16th-century Spain engage religious images from the three most prominent religions of al-Andalus—Christianity, Islam, and Judaism: among others, the dark night, the seven concentric castles, the gazelle, the bird, the sefirot‘s encircled iggulim or towering yosher, the sacred fountain, ruins, and gardens. Until the 20th-century, however, scholarship read these works mostly as “Spanish” mysticism, alienated from its Andalusī roots. This comparative study deploys theological, historical, and textual analysis to dwell in one of these roots: the figure of the garden’s vital element, water, as represented in the works of Teresa de Jesús and Ibn ‘Arabi. The well-irrigated life written by these mystics underscores the significance of this element as a path to life, knowledge, and love of and by God. Bringing together scholarship on Christian and Sufi mysticism, and underscoring the centrality of movement, flow, and circulation, this article pieces together otherwise disparate readings of both the individual work of these two figures and their belonging in a canon of Andalusī/Spanish mysticism. The weaving of these threads will offer readers a different understanding of early modern religion, alongside traditional readings of Spain’s mystical literature and its place in the global context.

Six Centuries of Real Wages in France from Louis IX to Napoleon III: 1250–1860

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 589-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Ridolfi
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Real Wages ◽  
The Real ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Napoleon Iii ◽  
The Comparative Study

Evidence of an early modern “Little divergence” in real wages between northwestern Europe and the rest of the continent is mostly based on the comparative study of a sample of leading European cities. Focusing on France and England this study reassesses the debate from a country-level perspective. The findings challenge the notion of an early modern divergence pointing to the coexistence of both divergence and convergence phases until the eighteenth century. Results also suggest that the real wages of a significant share of the French male labor force were broadly on par with the levels prevailing in England before c.1750.

Ruling Eldership in Civil War England, the Scottish Kirk, and Early New England: A Comparative Study of Secular and Spiritual Aspects

2006 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
William M. Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
New England ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Christian Mission ◽  
Religiously Based ◽  
Spiritual Body ◽  
Church Government

Within early modern Christianity the idea of church government always entailed a basic contradiction. How could a spiritual body, devoted to Christ's teachings of love and forgiveness, exercise coercive authority? Given the widely accepted need of any sixteenth- or seventeenth-century government to enforce religiously based codes of behavior, churches and church officials were inevitably involved with the secular authorities in detecting and judging offenders. Inasmuch as such judgment had to include the threat of punishment, church officials of any kind were open to the charge of violating their Christian mission, which by nature was to be persuasive and educative rather than punitive, and also their Christian character, which, even among more radical Protestant sects, was to be more otherworldly than that of the laity.

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