When worlds collide: Non‐state actors, philanthropy and the commercial promotion of fertility control options in developing countries

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Wale ◽  
Sam Rowlands
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Fertility Control ◽  
Control Options ◽  
State Actors

‘Soft Law in a Hard Shell’: India, International Rulemaking and the International Solar Alliance

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Vyoma Jha
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Leadership Role ◽  
Soft Law ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
The Social ◽  
Climate Action ◽  
Hard Shell ◽  
The Creation ◽  
State Actors ◽  
Political Economy Approach

Abstract This article examines the creation of the International Solar Alliance (ISA), a new international organization led by India and backed primarily by developing countries. Official documents and wide-ranging interviews offer insights into the treaty-making process. Using a political economy approach to the study of international law, the article analyzes politico-legal issues associated with the creation of the ISA. The legal form of the ISA is best described as ‘soft law in a hard shell’: it uses the legal infrastructure of a treaty while relying on the social structure of participating actors for its future implementation. Empirical evidence suggests that three factors explain the treaty structure of the ISA: India's leadership role in the treaty-making process, the early involvement of non-state actors, and the preference of developing countries for legal form. Ultimately, the case illustrates India's shift towards a leadership role in climate change governance, and the steady emergence of non-state actors in driving climate action.

scholarly journals Veterinary epidemiology at ILRAD and ILRI, 1987-2018.

2020 ◽  
pp. 208-238
Author(s):  
Brian Perry ◽  
Bernard Bett ◽  
Eric Fèvre ◽  
Delia Grace ◽  
Thomas Fitz Randolph
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Capacity Development ◽  
Economic Impact Assessment ◽  
Control Options ◽  
Tick Borne Disease ◽  
Veterinary Epidemiology

Abstract This chapter describes the activities of the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) and its predecessor, the International Laboratory for Research on Animal Diseases (ILRAD) from 1987 to 2018. Topics include scientific impacts; economic impact assessment; developmental impacts; capacity development; partnerships; impacts on human resources capacity in veterinary epidemiology; impacts on national animal health departments and services; impacts on animal health constraints in developing countries; impacts on ILRI's research and strategy; the introduction of veterinary epidemiology and economics at ILRAD; field studies in Kenya; tick-borne disease dynamics in eastern and southern Africa; heartwater studies in Zimbabwe; economic impact assessments of tick-borne diseases; tick and tick-borne disease distribution modelling; modelling the infection dynamics of vector-borne diseases; economic impact of trypanosomiasis; the epidemiology of resistance to trypanocides; the development of a modelling technique for evaluating control options; sustainable trypanosomiasis control in Uganda and in the Ghibe Valley of Ethiopia; spatial modelling of tsetse distributions; preventing and containing trypanocide resistance in the cotton zone of West Africa; rabies research; the economic impacts of rinderpest control; applying economic impact assessment tools to foot and mouth disease (FMD) control, the southern Africa FMD economic impact study; economic impacts of FMD in Peru, Colombia and India; economic impacts of FMD control in endemic settings in low- and middle-income countries; the global FMD research alliance (GFRA); Rift Valley fever; economic impact assessment of control options and calculation of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs); RVF risk maps for eastern Africa; land-use change and RVF infection and disease dynamics; epidemiology of gastrointestinal parasites; priorities in animal health research for poverty reduction; the Wellcome Trust Epidemiology Initiatives; the broader economic impact contributions; the responses to highly pathogenic avian influenza; the International Symposium on Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics (ISVEE) experience, the role of epidemiology in ILRAD and ILRI and the impacts of ILRAD and ILRI's epidemiology; capacity development in veterinary epidemiology and impact assessment; impacts on national animal health departments and services; impacts on animal health constraints in developing countries and impacts on ILRI's research and strategy.

Social Policy in Developing Countries

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melani Cammett ◽  
Aytug Sasmaz
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Historical Institutionalism ◽  
Welfare Regimes ◽  
Scholarly Literature ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Welfare Mix ◽  
State Actors

This chapter reviews the growing body of scholarly literature on welfare regimes in developing countries. Many studies in this research program explicitly or implicitly draw on the approaches and methods of historical institutionalism. However, the authors argue that a true appreciation of the origins and transformation of welfare regimes in developing countries calls for more extensive and systematic applications of the methods and approaches from the historical institutionalist toolkit and should incorporate greater attention to the role of non-state actors in the welfare mix.

scholarly journals Fertility Control and Income Distribution in Developing Countries With National Family Planning Programmes

1978 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naohiro Ogawa
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Development Policy ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Population Policy ◽  
Fertility Control ◽  
National Family ◽  
Aggregate Growth ◽  
National Family Planning ◽  
Widespread Access

Development policy, by and large, has emphasized economic transfor¬mation in the direction of sustained and rapid increases in the national product. In developing countries, however, the recent rapid economic gains have been unequally distributed among countries, regions within countries and socio¬economic groups.1 As a result of such economic inequality, development planners have increasingly questioned the validity of aggregate growth as the main objective of development strategy, thus turning their attention to social transformation in the direction of a more widespread access of the population to provisions of government goods, such as education, health services and adequate housing [35]. Such a development policy involves an interdisciplinary and comprehensive approach in which population policy has a significant role to play.

Directions and Potentials of Contraceptive Research

1973 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 583-590
Author(s):  
Carl Djerassi
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Birth Control ◽  
Intrauterine Device ◽  
Fertility Control ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Special Mention

This article reviews the current status of birth control methods, emphasizing the reversible fertility control agents that will be needed during the next decade or two, notably in developing countries. Special mention is made of chemical approaches to abortion, hormonal agents, the intrauterine device, sterilization techniques, and male contraceptives. The prospects for reaching the goals of better research and more effective implementation are fairly dim unless major changes in public and governmental attitudes toward contraceptive research are instituted. Attention is drawn particularly to some of the operational problems associated with the development of new fertility control approaches in the female and in the male.

HUMAN RIGHTS IN HEALTH. Ciba Foundation Symposium 23 (new series). New York, American Elsevier, 1974, $16.24; 304 pp

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 634-635
Author(s):  
Norman Fost
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
New York ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Fertility Control ◽  
Water Access ◽  
Ciba Foundation Symposium ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Complex Subject

If one judges this book by its title, it is a totally inadequate and disappointing treatment of the complex subject of "rights" in health care. If one judges it by its content, however, it is a stimulating and useful primer on the basic requirements for achieving health for the 70% of the world's people who live in the developing countries. The book is a collection of papers presented at a 1973 CIBA Symposium on the practical aspects of providing four basic needs–food, water, access to fertility control, and protection from communicable disease–to the poor and deprived.

scholarly journals Remarks of Cinnamon Carlarne

2018 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 235-235
Author(s):  
Cinnamon Carlarne
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
International Level ◽  
United State ◽  
State Actors ◽  
Trump Administration

With the Paris frame laid out and then complicated by the Trump administration announcement, let us widen the frame back out to the international level and ask Jose to discuss the extent to which the Paris Agreement is being implemented by non-state actors in Latin America and, more broadly, in developing countries; in particular, are there any apparent trends or key challenges characterizing the evolving role of non-state actors outside of the United State and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries?

scholarly journals The Digital Turn in Geopolitics: Gojek’s Strategy of Digital Space and Its Geopolitical Implications

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-57
Author(s):  
Ajie Mahar Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Digital Space ◽  
Intellectual Discourse ◽  
Information Power ◽  
Startup Company ◽  
State Actors ◽  
Digital Spaces

Digital transformation has revolutionized all aspects of life due to its connectivity cap bility. However, the discipline of contemporary Geopolitics has not discussed it in-depth, and is still pinned towards the modern geopolitics discourse focusing merely on regional geopolitical contestations. This article aims to enrich the intellectual discourse on postmodern geopolitics embracing the digital turn in geopolitics. Focusing on non-state actors, this study scrutinizes Gojek, an Indonesian decacorn startup company, by asking how Gojek’s strategization of their digital spaces results in geopolitical implications. Epistemologically, this article utilizes Foucaultian governmentality and the concept of power-knowledge to understand geopolitical power of Gojek and explain how they construct their information power. This study finds that Gojek constructs their power through building digital spaces which connects the customers with Gojek’s partners. The empire of connectivity which Gojek has established does not merely give them power in the digital realm but also in real politics. There exist some geopolitical implications because of Gojek’s strategizing of digital space such as (i) the emergent information power of digital connectivity; (ii) the use of information-based startup as means of Indonesia’s diplomacy; (iii) the emergent power of the person who designs and leads the construction of digital spaces. Further research with a different sample is required to enrich the discourse on digital turn in geopolitics since this research only scrutinizes a case in one of the developing countries. 

Integrated method in international development for water solutions using the rights-based approach

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 2713-2720 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Byars ◽  
M. Woodrow ◽  
B. Antizar-Ladislao
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
International Development ◽  
Community Participation ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Water Solutions ◽  
Integrated Method ◽  
Engineering Approach ◽  
Additional Pressure ◽  
Intermediate Technology ◽  
State Actors

The introduction of the rights-based approach to International Development has presented a new set of challenges to those working for the water and sanitation sectors in developing countries. This introduction of this additional pressure on both State and Non-State Actors working in the field has necessitated an overhaul of the existing needs based responses. The engineering solutions and intermediate technology currently available often fail to address the complex requirements of the recipients. This study addresses the change that is required and suggests an integrated engineering approach that will be capable of responding accurately to the requirements of the beneficiary. It proposes an ‘integrated method’, a way of combining technology, community participation and education.

scholarly journals Ascensão e Queda do Brasil como Doador de Assistência Humanitária Internacional

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 573-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Vilarinho Tambourgi
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Development Assistance ◽  
Humanitarian Assistance ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Development Assistance Committee ◽  
International Donors ◽  
State Actors

O Brasil completou, em 2015, uma década de atuação como doador de assistência humanitária internacional. A inserção brasileira acontece em momento em que outros países em desenvolvimento também começam a atuar do lado da oferta de assistência humanitária. Tradicionalmente, os países membros do Comitê de Assistência ao Desenvolvimento, da Organização para a Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico (DAC/OECD) são considerados os principais doadores internacionais. A emergência de novos atores estatais, os doadores “Não DAC”, agrega mais recursos ao total de oferta de assistência humanitária. Neste artigo, o Brasil aparece como um doador Não DAC, sendo apresentada a inserção internacional brasileira como do país doador do ponto de vista financeiro das ações em relação à sua política externa. Palavras-chave: governo Lula; assistência humanitária internacional; política externa brasileira; CGFOME; governo Dilma.     Abstract: Brazil completed a decade of acting as a donor of international humanitarian assistance in 2015. The Brazilian insertion happens at a time when other developing countries also begin to act on the side of offering humanitarian assistance. Traditionally, the member countries of the Development Assistance Committee of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (DAC/OECD) are considered the main international donors. The emergence of new state actors, to so called “non-DAC” donors, adds more resources to the total supply of humanitarian assistance. In this article, Brazil is considered a non-DAC donor, being presented the international insertion of the country as a donor from the financial point of view of the actions in relation to its foreign policy. Key-words: Lula’s government; international humanitarian assistance; Brazilian foreign policy; CGFOME; Rousseff’s government.  

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