scholarly journals OX 2 receptors mediate the inhibitory effects of orexin‐A on potassium chloride‐induced increases in intracellular calcium ion levels in neurons derived from rat dorsal root ganglion in a chronic pain model

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
Masami Yamaguchi ◽  
Manabu Ishikawa ◽  
Yuri Aono ◽  
Tadashi Saigusa
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Dorsal Root Ganglion ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Intracellular Calcium ◽  
Calcium Ion ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Orexin A ◽  
Pain Model ◽  
Intracellular Calcium Ion

Inhibitory effects of lithium ion intracellular calcium ion movements

1996 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Y. Okamoto ◽  
A. Kagaya ◽  
H. Zenshou ◽  
M. Shimizu ◽  
A. Nishida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Calcium ◽  
Calcium Ion ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Intracellular Calcium Ion ◽  
Ion Movements

scholarly journals Quantitative Sensory Testing of Spinal Cord and Dorsal Root Ganglion Stimulation in Chronic Pain Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishwanath Sankarasubramanian ◽  
Srinivas Chiravuri ◽  
Ehsan Mirzakhalili ◽  
Carlos J. Anaya ◽  
John Ryan Scott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Dorsal Root Ganglion ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Quantitative Sensory Testing ◽  
Sensory Testing ◽  
Chronic Pain Patients ◽  
Pain Patients

Dorsal Root Ganglion Neuron Types and Their Functional Specialization

2018 ◽  
pp. 127-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward C. Emery ◽  
Patrik Ernfors
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Dorsal Root Ganglion ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Drg Neurons ◽  
Low Threshold

Primary sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) respond and relay sensations that are felt, such as those for touch, pain, temperature, itch, and more. The ability to discriminate between the various types of stimuli is reflected by the existence of specialized DRG neurons tuned to respond to specific stimuli. Because of this, a comprehensive classification of DRG neurons is critical for determining exactly how somatosensation works and for providing insights into cell types involved during chronic pain. This article reviews the recent advances in unbiased classification of molecular types of DRG neurons in the perspective of known functions as well as predicted functions based on gene expression profiles. The data show that sensory neurons are organized in a basal structure of three cold-sensitive neuron types, five mechano-heat sensitive nociceptor types, four A-Low threshold mechanoreceptor types, five itch-mechano-heat–sensitive nociceptor types and a single C–low-threshold mechanoreceptor type with a strong relation between molecular neuron types and functional types. As a general feature, each neuron type displays a unique and predicable response profile; at the same time, most neuron types convey multiple modalities and intensities. Therefore, sensation is likely determined by the summation of ensembles of active primary afferent types. The new classification scheme will be instructive in determining the exact cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying somatosensation, facilitating the development of rational strategies to identify causes for chronic pain.

Action potential propagation through embryonic dorsal root ganglion cells in culture. II. Decrease of conduction reliability during repetitive stimulation

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 634-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Luscher ◽  
J. Streit ◽  
P. Lipp ◽  
H. R. Luscher
Keyword(s):  
Dorsal Root Ganglion ◽  
Action Potential ◽  
Intracellular Calcium ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Channel Blocker ◽  
Extracellular Calcium ◽  
Repetitive Stimulation ◽  
Calcium Currents ◽  
Double Pulse ◽  
Extracellular Potassium

1. The reliability of the propagation of action potentials (AP) through dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells in embryonic slice cultures was investigated during repetitive stimulation at 1–20 Hz. Membrane potentials of DRG cells were recorded intracellularly while the axons were stimulated by an extracellular electrode. 2. In analogy to the double-pulse experiments reported previously, either one or two types of propagation failures were recorded during repetitive stimulation, depending on the cell morphology. In contrast to the double-pulse experiments, the failures appeared at longer interpulse intervals and usually only after several tens of stimuli with reliable propagation. 3. In the period with reliable propagation before the failures, a decrease in the conduction velocity and in the amplitude of the afterhyperpolarization (AHP), an increase in the total membrane conductance, and the disappearance of the action potential “shoulder” were observed. 4. The reliability of conduction during repetitive stimulation was improved by lowering the extracellular calcium concentration or by replacing the extracellular calcium by strontium. The reliability of conduction decreased by the application of cadmium, a calcium channel blocker, 4-amino pyridine, a fast potassium channel blocker, or apamin or muscarine, the blockers of calcium-dependent potassium channels. The reliability of conduction was not effected by blocking the sodium potassium pump with ouabain or by replacing extracellular sodium with lithium. 5. In the period with reliable propagation cadmium, apamin, and muscarine reduced the amplitude of the AHP. The shoulder of the action potential was more pronounced and not sensitive to repetitive stimulation when extracellular calcium was replaced by strontium. It disappeared when cadmium was applied. 6. In DRG somata changes of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration were monitored by measuring the fluorescence of the Ca2+ indicator Fluo-3 with a laser-scanning confocal microscope. During repetitive stimulation, an accumulation of intracellular calcium occurred that recovered very slowly (tens of seconds) after the AP trains. 7. Computer model simulations performed in analogy to the experimental protocols produced conduction failures during repetitive stimulation only when the calcium currents during the APs were reduced. 8. From these findings it is concluded that conduction failures during repetitive stimulation are dependent on an accumulation of intracellular calcium leading to an inactivation of calcium currents, combined with small contributions of an accumulation of extracellular potassium and a summation of slow potassium conductances.

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