Annual cycle of the black-capped chickadee: Seasonality of singing rates and vocal-control brain regions

2006 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 1002-1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie S. Phillmore ◽  
Jennifer S. Hoshooley ◽  
David F. Sherry ◽  
Scott A. MacDougall-Shackleton
Keyword(s):  
Annual Cycle ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Control Brain ◽  
Vocal Control

Accumulation of estrogen in a vocal control brain region of a duetting song bird

1989 ◽  
Vol 480 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 119-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliot A. Brenowitz ◽  
Arthur P. Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Brain Region ◽  
Song Bird ◽  
Control Brain ◽  
Vocal Control

scholarly journals Early nutritional stress impairs development of a song-control brain region in both male and female juvenile song sparrows ( Melospiza melodia ) at the onset of song learning

2006 ◽  
Vol 273 (1600) ◽  
pp. 2559-2564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian F MacDonald ◽  
Bethany Kempster ◽  
Liana Zanette ◽  
Scott A MacDougall-Shackleton
Keyword(s):  
Food Restriction ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Nutritional Stress ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Song Learning ◽  
Melospiza Melodia ◽  
Developmental Stress ◽  
Song Sparrows ◽  
Control Brain ◽  
Song Control

Birdsong is a sexually selected trait and is often viewed as an indicator of male quality. The developmental stress hypothesis proposes a model by which song could be an indicator; the time during early development, when birds learn complex songs and/or local variants of song, is of rapid development and nutritional stress. Birds that cope best with this stress may better learn to produce the most effective songs. The developmental stress hypothesis predicts that early food restriction should impair development of song-control brain regions at the onset of song learning. We examined the effect of food restriction on song-control brain regions in fledgling (both sexes, 23–26 days old) song sparrows ( Melospiza melodia ). Food restriction selectively reduced HVC volume in both sexes. In addition, sex differences were evident in all three song-control regions. This study lends further support to a growing body of literature documenting a variety of behavioural, physiological and neural detriments in several songbird species resulting from early developmental stress.

scholarly journals Distributed networks for auditory memory contribute differentially to recall precision

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung-Joo Lim ◽  
Christiane Thiel ◽  
Bernhard Sehm ◽  
Lorenz Deserno ◽  
Jöran Lepsien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Superior Temporal Sulcus ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Auditory Memory ◽  
Control Brain ◽  
Memory Representations ◽  
Auditory Objects

AbstractThe representations held in working memory are inherently noisy, but attention directed to relevant objects can effectively enhance their fidelity. While recent working memory models suggest that memory representations are distributed across sensory and cognitive-control brain regions, it remains unknown how multiple brain networks generate this attentional gain in fidelity. Here, we investigated the contributions of the distinct brain networks in maintaining and enhancing memory representations using psychophysical modeling and fMRI. Human listeners performed an auditory syllable pitch-discrimination task, in which they received valid (vs. neutral) retro-active cues to selectively attend to one of the two syllable categories maintained in memory. Valid (vs. neutral) retro-cues facilitated task performance, eliciting faster recall and enhanced recall precision of syllables in memory. Valid retro-cues also led to increased neural activation in fronto-parietal and cingulo-opercular networks, but not in sensory-specific superior temporal cortex. Multivariate pattern analysis as a proxy for representational fidelity in memory revealed that attended syllable objects were maintained in distributed areas across superior temporal, frontal, parietal, and sensorimotor brain areas. However, neural fidelity in left superior temporal sulcus and its enhancement through attention-to-memory best predicted the ensuing individual gain in recall precision of auditory objects from memory. These results demonstrate that maintaining versus attentionally enhancing auditory memory representations are functionally separable mechanisms across distributed brain regions.Significance StatementWorking memory is distributed across sensory and cognitive-control brain regions. But how do these brain networks enhance working memory precision when attention is re-directed to memory? We here investigate the contributions of distinct brain networks in maintaining and enhancing auditory memory representations through attention-to-memory using fMRI. We demonstrate that re-directing attention to the relevant auditory memory objects mainly recruits higher-order cognitive-control networks. Among the multiple brain regions retaining memory representations, however, attentional enhancement of the neural fidelity in superior temporal sulcus best predicts the individual gain in recall precision of auditory objects from memory. This study provides evidence of the interplay among the discrete, functionally specialized brain regions in maintaining and attentionally enhancing working memory representations.

scholarly journals Proteomic Investigations of Autism Brain Identify Known and Novel Pathogenetic Processes

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph R. Abraham ◽  
Nicholas Szoko ◽  
John Barnard ◽  
Robert A. Rubin ◽  
Daniela Schlatzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Analysis ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Repetitive Behaviors ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Synaptic Membrane ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Proteomic Data ◽  
Control Brain

Abstract Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a set of heterogeneous neurodevelopmental conditions defined by impairments in social communication and restricted, repetitive behaviors, interests or activities. Only a minority of ASD cases are determined to have a definitive etiology and the pathogenesis of most ASD is poorly understood. We hypothesized that a global analysis of the proteomes of human ASD vs. control brain, heretofore not done, would provide important data with which to better understand the underlying neurobiology of autism. In this study, we characterized the proteomes of two brain regions, Brodmann area 19 (BA19) and posterior inferior cerebellum (CB), from carefully selected idiopathic ASD cases and matched controls using label-free HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry. The data revealed marked differences between ASD and control brain proteomes for both brain regions. Unlike earlier transcriptomic analyses using frontal and temporal cortex, however, our proteomic analysis did not support ASD attenuating regional gene expression differences. Bioinformatic analyses of the differentially expressed proteins between cases and controls highlighted canonical pathways involving glutamate receptor signaling and glutathione-mediated detoxification in both BA19 and CB; other pathways such as Sertoli cell signaling and fatty acid oxidation were specifically enriched in BA19 or CB, respectively. Network analysis of both regions of ASD brain showed up-regulation of multiple pre- and post-synaptic membrane or scaffolding proteins including glutamatergic ion channels and related proteins, up-regulation of proteins involved in intracellular calcium signaling, and down-regulation of neurofilament proteins, with DLG4 and MAPT as major hub proteins in BA19 and CB protein interaction networks, respectively. Upstream regulator analysis suggests neurodegeneration-associated proteins drive the differential protein expression for ASD in both BA19 and CB. Overall, the proteomic data provide support for shared dysregulated pathways and upstream regulators for two brain regions in human ASD brain, suggesting a common ASD pathophysiology that has distinctive regional expression.

scholarly journals Seasonal Changes in Patterns of Gene Expression in Avian Song Control Brain Regions

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. e35119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher K. Thompson ◽  
John Meitzen ◽  
Kirstin Replogle ◽  
Jenny Drnevich ◽  
Karin L. Lent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Control Brain ◽  
Song Control ◽  
Avian Song

Photostimulation induces rapid growth of song-control brain regions in male and female chickadees (Poecile atricapilla)

2003 ◽  
Vol 340 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott A MacDougall-Shackleton ◽  
Alexandra M Hernandez ◽  
Kenneth F Valyear ◽  
Andrew P Clark
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Poecile Atricapilla ◽  
Control Brain ◽  
Song Control
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