scholarly journals Vestibular Schwann cells are a distinct subpopulation of peripheral glia with specific sensitivity to growth factors and extracellular matrix components

2003 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvain Bartolami ◽  
Christelle Augé ◽  
Cécile Travo ◽  
Stéphanie Ventéo ◽  
Marlies Knipper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Distinct Subpopulation ◽  
Specific Sensitivity ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components ◽  
Matrix Components ◽  
Peripheral Glia

scholarly journals The Role of the Extracellular Matrix Components in Cutaneous Wound Healing

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawel Olczyk ◽  
Łukasz Mencner ◽  
Katarzyna Komosinska-Vassev
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Wound Repair ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Matrix Components

Wound healing is the physiologic response to tissue trauma proceeding as a complex pathway of biochemical reactions and cellular events, secreted growth factors, and cytokines. Extracellular matrix constituents are essential components of the wound repair phenomenon. Firstly, they create a provisional matrix, providing a structural integrity of matrix during each stage of healing process. Secondly, matrix molecules regulate cellular functions, mediate the cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, and serve as a reservoir and modulator of cytokines and growth factors’ action. Currently known mechanisms, by which extracellular matrix components modulate each stage of the process of soft tissue remodeling after injury, have been discussed.

Regulation of mesenchymal extracellular matrix protein synthesis by transforming growth factor-beta and glucocorticoids in tumor stroma

1995 ◽  
Vol 108 (6) ◽  
pp. 2153-2162 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.F. Talts ◽  
A. Weller ◽  
R. Timpl ◽  
M. Ekblom ◽  
P. Ekblom
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Tenascin C ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components ◽  
Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Matrix Components

We have here studied the composition and regulation of stromal extracellular matrix components in an experimental tumor model. Nude mice were inoculated with WCCS-1 cells, a human Wilms' tumor cell line. In the formed tumors the stroma was found to contain mesenchymal extracellular matrix proteins such as tenascin-C, fibulins-1 and 2 and fibronectin, but no nidogen. Nidogen was confined to basement membranes of tumor blood vessels. Since glucocorticoids have been shown to downregulate tenascin-C expression in vitro, we tested whether dexamethasone can influence biosynthesis of extracellular matrix components during tumor formation in vivo. A downregulation of tenascin-C mRNA and an upregulation of fibronectin mRNA expression by dexamethasone was noted. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 mRNA levels were unaffected by the dexamethasone treatment. Glucocorticoids can thus downregulate tenascin-C synthesis although local stimulatory growth factors are present. The competition between a negative and a positive extrinsic factor on synthesis of stromal extracellular matrix components was studied in a fibroblast/preadipocyte cell line. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 stimulated tenascin-C synthesis but did not affect fibronectin or fibulin-2 synthesis. Dexamethasone at high concentrations could completely suppress the effect of transforming growth factor-beta 1 on tenascin-C mRNA expression. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 could in turn overcome the downregulation of tenascin-C mRNA expression caused by a lower concentration of dexamethasone. We therefore suggest that the limited expression of tenascin-C in part is due to a continuous suppression by physiological levels of glucocorticoids, which can be overcome by local stimulatory growth factors when present in sufficient amounts.

scholarly journals Differential expression of extracellular matrix components in the bovine oviduct during the oestrous cycle

Reproduction ◽  
2001 ◽  
pp. 121-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Gabler ◽  
GJ Killian ◽  
R Einspanier
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Tissue Inhibitors Of Metalloproteinases ◽  
Ribonuclease Protection Assay ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components ◽  
Matrix Components ◽  
Pai 1

Components of the extracellular matrix take part in tissue rebuilding as well as activating surface-bound growth factors. In the present study, expression and selected activities of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), their inhibitors (plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs)) were examined in bovine oviducts by RT--PCR, ribonuclease protection assay and activity assays. A high content of mRNA encoding for uPA was detected before ovulation with a three-fold decrease after ovulation. In contrast, PAI-1 expression appeared to be stable during the oestrous cycle. Oviductal flushings produced caseinolytic zones in zymograms containing plasminogen at approximately 50 kDa and 28 kDa. An activity assay for uPA showed highest net activity during the early to mid-luteal phase. Increased TIMP-1 and MMP-2 mRNA concentrations were found around the time of ovulation compared with the luteal phase. In contrast, MMP-1 mRNA transcripts were enriched during the early to mid-luteal phase. Gelatin zymograms detected a 70--72 kDa protease activity showing an oestrous cycle-dependent activity with highest activity before ovulation. Reverse zymography detecting TIMPs revealed proteins between 21 kDa and 24 kDa. Only for the smallest (21 kDa) protein were amounts increased around the time of ovulation compared with the luteal phase. The observation that several extracellular matrix components were regulated distinctly in bovine oviducts indicates that local interactions between these components, growth factors, gametes and the embryo are possible and may influence fertilization and early embryonic development.

Autologous Tendons Used as Grafts for Bridging Peripheral Nerve Defects

1999 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. BRANDT ◽  
L. B. DAHLIN ◽  
G. LUNDBORG
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Nerve Repair ◽  
The Third ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components ◽  
Matrix Components ◽  
Tail Tendon ◽  
Rat Tail

This study was performed to investigate whether autologous collagen and other extracellular matrix components could be used in nerve repair by bridging a 10 mm defect in the rat sciatic nerve. Three models of repair were examined. In the first model, a rat tail tendon was teased and subsequently rolled to form a loose collagen roll which was sutured over the defect. In the second model, an intact tendon was used. In the third model, a teased tendon was pretreated with attachment of nerve segments to each end for 4 weeks before grafting. Both teased and intact tendons supported regeneration, to some extent. Pretreatment resulted in migration of Schwann cells into the graft, and enhanced regeneration.

scholarly journals FGF binding by extracellular matrix components of Wharton's jelly.

2007 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Malkowski ◽  
Krzysztof Sobolewski ◽  
Stefan Jaworski ◽  
Edward Bankowski
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Wharton’S Jelly ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Ground Substance ◽  
Wharton's Jelly ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components ◽  
Matrix Components ◽  
Pre Treatment

Our earlier paper has reported that Wharton's jelly is a reservoir of several peptide growth factors, including acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors (aFGF and bFGF, respectively). Both can be extracted by buffered salts solutions in the form of high molecular mass complexes, probably with a component(s) of the extracellular matrix. Both aFGF and bFGF from such extracts hardly penetrate 10% polyacrylamide gels during electrophoresis. Pre-treatment of Wharton's jelly with hyaluronidase slightly increased the extractability of aFGF, but did not affect the extractability of bFGF. In contrast, the pre-treatment of tissue homogenate with bacterial collagenase (2000 U/ml, 37 degrees C, 18 h) increased the extractability of bFGF. The presence of beta-mercaptoethanol in the extracting solutions increased the extractability of both FGFs, but did not release FGFs in their free form, despite reducing the molecular mass of the FGF-containing complexes. We conclude that both aFGF and bFGF are bound through disulphide bonds to a protein component of Wharton's jelly. We propose that ground substance composed mainly of collagen fibrils and hyaluronate molecules, which surrounds the cells of Wharton's jelly, prevents the access of the extracting solution to aFGF and bFGF. Although hyaluronate and collagen do not bind aFGF or bFGF directly, they may constitute a barrier which prevents the dispersion of FGFs in Wharton's jelly. Thus, the high concentration of FGFs around the cells of Wharton's jelly may facilitate the interaction of these factors with membrane receptors, thereby resulting in stimulation of cell division and differentiation, as well as of the synthesis of extracellular matrix components.

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