Validation of in vivo MRS measures of metabolite concentrations in the human brain

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. e4058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvisha Dhamala ◽  
Ines Abdelkefi ◽  
Mavesa Nguyen ◽  
T. Jay Hennessy ◽  
Hélène Nadeau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Metabolite Concentrations ◽  
In Vivo Mrs

In Vivo 1H MR Spectroscopic Imaging of Human Brain

1994 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Yong Whee Bahk ◽  
Kyung Sub Shinn ◽  
Tae Suk Suh ◽  
Bo Young Choe ◽  
Kyo Ho Choi
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Spectroscopic Imaging ◽  
Mr Spectroscopic Imaging

scholarly journals Diffusion MRI microstructure models with in vivo human brain Connectome data: results from a multi-group comparison

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. e3734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uran Ferizi ◽  
Benoit Scherrer ◽  
Torben Schneider ◽  
Mohammad Alipoor ◽  
Odin Eufracio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Diffusion Mri ◽  
Group Comparison ◽  
Brain Connectome

scholarly journals O-012 Evidence of arterial collapse in a human brain model and in-vivo with aspiration thrombectomy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Liu ◽  
D Gebrezgiabhier ◽  
J Arturo Larco ◽  
S Madhani ◽  
A Shahid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Aspiration Thrombectomy

scholarly journals Role of SHH in Patterning Human Pluripotent Cells towards Ventral Forebrain Fates

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 914
Author(s):  
Melanie V. Brady ◽  
Flora M. Vaccarino
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Disease Modeling ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Technical Ability ◽  
Cellular Phenotypes

The complexities of human neurodevelopment have historically been challenging to decipher but continue to be of great interest in the contexts of healthy neurobiology and disease. The classic animal models and monolayer in vitro systems have limited the types of questions scientists can strive to answer in addition to the technical ability to answer them. However, the tridimensional human stem cell-derived organoid system provides the unique opportunity to model human development and mimic the diverse cellular composition of human organs. This strategy is adaptable and malleable, and these neural organoids possess the morphogenic sensitivity to be patterned in various ways to generate the different regions of the human brain. Furthermore, recapitulating human development provides a platform for disease modeling. One master regulator of human neurodevelopment in many regions of the human brain is sonic hedgehog (SHH), whose expression gradient and pathway activation are responsible for conferring ventral identity and shaping cellular phenotypes throughout the neural axis. This review first discusses the benefits, challenges, and limitations of using organoids for studying human neurodevelopment and disease, comparing advantages and disadvantages with other in vivo and in vitro model systems. Next, we explore the range of control that SHH exhibits on human neurodevelopment, and the application of SHH to various stem cell methodologies, including organoids, to expand our understanding of human development and disease. We outline how this strategy will eventually bring us much closer to uncovering the intricacies of human neurodevelopment and biology.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF POLYMERIC NANOPARTICLE SURFACE PROPERTIES ON INTERACTION WITH BRAIN TUMOR ENVIRONMENT

Nano LIFE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 1343003 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRANDON MATTIX ◽  
THOMAS MOORE ◽  
OLGA UVAROV ◽  
SAMUEL POLLARD ◽  
LAUREN O'DONNELL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Surface Charge ◽  
Cellular Uptake ◽  
Drug Clearance ◽  
Cellular Interaction ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Uptake Studies ◽  
Effect Of Surface

Current chemotherapy treatments are limited by poor drug solubility, rapid drug clearance and systemic side effects. Additionally, drug penetration into solid tumors is limited by physical diffusion barriers [e.g., extracellular matrix (ECM)]. Nanoparticle (NP) blood circulation half-life, biodistribution and ability to cross extracellular and cellular barriers will be dictated by NP composition, size, shape and surface functionality. Here, we investigated the effect of surface charge of poly(lactide)-poly(ethylene glycol) NPs on mediating cellular interaction. Polymeric NPs of equal sizes were used that had two different surface functionalities: negatively charged carboxyl ( COOH ) and neutral charged methoxy ( OCH 3). Cellular uptake studies showed significantly higher uptake in human brain cancer cells compared to noncancerous human brain cells, and negatively charged COOH NPs were uptaken more than neutral OCH 3 NPs in 2D culture. NPs were also able to load and control the release of paclitaxel (PTX) over 19 days. Toxicity studies in U-87 glioblastoma cells showed that PTX-loaded NPs were effective drug delivery vehicles. Effect of surface charge on NP interaction with the ECM was investigated using collagen in a 3D cellular uptake model, as collagen content varies with the type of cancer and the stage of the disease compared to normal tissues. Results demonstrated that NPs can effectively diffuse across an ECM barrier and into cells, but NP mobility is dictated by surface charge. In vivo biodistribution of OCH 3 NPs in intracranial tumor xenografts showed that NPs more easily accumulated in tumors with less collagen. These results indicate that a robust understanding of NP interaction with various tumor environments can lead to more effective patient-tailored therapies.

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