External urethral sphincter activity in a rat model of pudendal nerve injury

2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 388-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Wei Peng ◽  
Jia-Jin Jason Chen ◽  
Hui-Yi Chang ◽  
William C. de Groat ◽  
Chen-Li Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Pudendal Nerve ◽  
Urethral Sphincter ◽  
External Urethral Sphincter ◽  
Pudendal Nerve Injury

scholarly journals Effect of a 5-HT1A receptor agonist (8-OH-DPAT) on external urethral sphincter activity in a rat model of pudendal nerve injury

2011 ◽  
Vol 301 (1) ◽  
pp. R225-R235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shih-Ching Chen ◽  
Chen-Li Cheng ◽  
Wen-Jia Fan ◽  
Jia-Jin Jason Chen ◽  
Chien-Hung Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Receptor Agonist ◽  
Pudendal Nerve ◽  
Perfusion Pressure ◽  
Urethral Sphincter ◽  
Leak Point Pressure ◽  
External Urethral Sphincter ◽  
Point Pressure ◽  
Pudendal Nerve Injury

Although serotonergic agents have been used to treat patients with stress urinary incontinence, the characteristics of the external urethral sphincter (EUS) activity activated by 5-HT receptors have not been extensively studied. This study examined the effects of the 5-HT1A receptor agonist, 8-hydroxy-2-(di- n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT), on the EUS-electromyography and resistance of the urethra in a rat model with bilateral pudendal nerve injury (BPNI). Two measurements were utilized to assess the effects of the drug on bladder and urethral functions: the simultaneous recordings of transvesical pressure under isovolumetric conditions [isovolumetric intravesical pressure (IVP)] and urethral perfusion pressure, and the simultaneous recordings of IVP during continuously isotonic transvesical infusion with an open urethra (isotonic IVP) and EUS-electromyography. This study also evaluated the urethral continence using leak point pressure testing. The urethral perfusion pressure and leak point pressure measurements of BPNI rats reveal that 8-OH-DPAT significantly increased urethral resistance during the bladder storage phase, yet decreased resistance during the voiding phase. The entire EUS burst period was significantly prolonged, within which the average silent period increased and the frequency of burst discharges decreased. 8-OH-DPAT also improved the voiding efficiency, as evidenced by the detection of decreases in the contraction amplitude and residual volume, with increases in contraction duration and voided volume. These findings suggest that 8-OH-DPAT not only improved continence function, but also elevated the voiding function in a BPNI rat model.

scholarly journals Pudendal nerve injury reduces urethral outlet resistance in diabetic rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 299 (6) ◽  
pp. F1443-F1450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Q. Pan ◽  
Dan L. Lin ◽  
Christopher Strauch ◽  
Robert S. Butler ◽  
Vincent M. Monnier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Pudendal Nerve ◽  
Outlet Obstruction ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
External Urethral Sphincter ◽  
Nerve Crush ◽  
Point Pressure ◽  
Functional Outlet Obstruction ◽  
Pudendal Nerve Injury

Diabetics have voiding and continence dysfunction to which elevated levels of advanced glycation end products (AGE) may contribute. In addition, pudendal nerve injury is correlated with voiding dysfunction and stress incontinence in rats. The aim of this study was to investigate whether pudendal nerve crush (PNC) in diabetic rats alters urinary function. Female virgin Sprague-Dawley rats (144) were divided equally into diabetic, diuretic, and control groups. Half of the animals in each group were subjected to PNC, and the other half to sham PNC. Diabetes was induced 8 wk before PNC or sham PNC by streptozotocin injection (35 mg/kg). Animals underwent conscious cystometry and leak point pressure (LPP) testing 4 or 13 days after PNC or sham PNC. Tissues of half the animals were tested for levels of AGEs. Qualitative histological assessment was performed in the remaining animals. Diabetic rats 4 days after PNC voided significantly greater volume in a shorter time and with significantly less pressure than after sham PNC, suggesting that diabetic rats have a functional outlet obstruction that is relieved by PNC. LPP was significantly reduced 4 days after PNC in diabetic and diuretic animals and returned to normal 13 days after PNC. Diabetic rats with PNC demonstrated increased muscle fiber disruption and atrophy of the external urethral sphincter. AGEs were significantly elevated in diabetic rats. PNC relieves a functional outlet obstruction in diabetic rats. AGEs are elevated in diabetic rats and could play a role in urinary dysfunction and recovery from PNC.

Pudendal Nerve Injury After a Sciatic Nerve Block by the Posterior Approach

2010 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 573-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Attila Bondar ◽  
Michael Egan ◽  
Denis Jochum ◽  
Gérard Amarenco ◽  
Hervé Bouaziz
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Nerve Block ◽  
Pudendal Nerve ◽  
Posterior Approach ◽  
Sciatic Nerve Block ◽  
Pudendal Nerve Injury

Pudendal Nerve Stretch Reduces External Urethral Sphincter Activity in Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 188 (4) ◽  
pp. 1389-1395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamran P. Sajadi ◽  
Dan L. Lin ◽  
James E. Steward ◽  
Brian Balog ◽  
Charuspong Dissaranan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pudendal Nerve ◽  
Urethral Sphincter ◽  
External Urethral Sphincter

scholarly journals Assessment of the Bilateral Block of the Trunk of the Pudendal Nerve in Cats with Urethral Obstruction

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Kath Freire de Vasconcelos ◽  
Raquel Guedes Ximenes ◽  
Francisco Sávio de Moura Martins ◽  
Aline De Sousa Alves ◽  
Sabrina Barros Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Pudendal Nerve ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Nerve Trunk ◽  
Urethral Obstruction ◽  
Anesthetic Techniques ◽  
Urinary Flow ◽  
Urethral Sphincter ◽  
External Urethral Sphincter ◽  
Anesthetic Risk

Background: Clinical care of cats with urethral obstruction is a common routine in feline clinical medicine and the re-establishment of urinary flow is essential for long-lasting correction of the pathophysiological alterations presented. For this chemical restraint is usually employed, that together with the alteration, increases the anesthetic risk of these patients. Improvement in anesthetic techniques, especially the loco-regional, may contribute to reducing the anesthetic risk of these patients and facilitate maneuvers to clear the obstruction. Thus the objective of the present study was to describe and assess the bilateral block technique of the pudendal nerve in 16 cats with urethral obstruction.Materials, Methods & Results: Sixteen male crossbred cats were used, with partial or total urethral obstruction, attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Campina Grande, PB, Brazil. The anesthetic block of the pudendal nerve trunk was carried out by placing the local anesthetic close to the ventral foramen of the second sacral vertebra, using a 13 x 0.45 mm needle attached to a 1 mL syringe. To assess the effectiveness of the bilateral block, the analgesia promoted was assessed using the substitute (“Reaction to Palpating the Surgical Wound” of subscale 1 (pain expression) of the “Compound Multi-dimensional Scale to Assess Post Operational Pain in Cats”.  This assessment was made before the bilateral block (M0) and 10 min afterwards (M1) and the scores ranged from 0 to 3. In addition, a segmental assessment of the urethra was made, where, by passing a probe the sensitivity was assessed of the urethral ostium, penile and pelvic urethra and the relaxing of the external urethral sphincter. This assessment was made at M1 and classified as present or absent. In the cases where the bilateral block was inefficient, the technique was repeated, in the same locations and at the same dose as initially administered, and a new assessment (M2) was made 10 minutes after the second administration. In 12 of the 16 patients assessed the bilateral block was made once. The following were observed in these patients at M1: reduction in the reaction to penile manipulation (P = 0.003), total relaxation of the external urethral sphincter and absence of sensitivity to passing the probe through the penile urethra (P = 0.000) and insensitivity of the ostium urethrae (P = 0.006). In the animals in which the anesthetic bilateral block was repeated (4/16) the value of p adjusted for penile manipulation was 0.05. There was no reaction to the probe passage through the ostium urethrae and the penile urethra or contraction of the external urethral sphincter in 3 of the 4 animals (P = 0.625). Considering the total number of animals assessed, the urethral obstruction of the pudendal nerve trunk, carried out one or twice, caused statistically significant (P = 0.004) insensitivity to penile manipulation, probing of the ostium urethrae and the penile urethra and total relaxation of the external urethral sphincter in 14 of the 16 animals. In three patients concomitant anesthetic bilateral block was observed of the sciatic nerve, bilateral (two animals) or unilateral (one animal).Discussion: studies on the feline pudendal nerve have demonstrated that the sensitive and motor bilateral block of this nerve is possible, as corroborated by the present study. Although an atomic study had shown the possibility of concomitant bilateral block of the sciatic nerve, and therefore, according to the authors, the technique should not be recommended, this finding did not demonstrate great clinical relevance, because in most cases the patients remained under fluid therapy throughout the anesthetic recovery period (about two hours) and therefore with restricted movement. Nevertheless, studies should be carried out to improve this technique.

RESTORATION OF EXTERNAL URETHRAL SPHINCTER FUNCTION AFTER PUDENDAL NERVE END-TO-END ANASTOMOSIS IN THE MALE RABBIT

2004 ◽  
Vol 171 (4) ◽  
pp. 1715-1719 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANCISCO J. MARTINEZ PORTILLO ◽  
DANIAR K. OSMONOV ◽  
CHRISTOPH SEIF ◽  
PETER M. BRAUN ◽  
GEORG BOEHLER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pudendal Nerve ◽  
Urethral Sphincter ◽  
External Urethral Sphincter ◽  
Male Rabbit ◽  
Sphincter Function ◽  
End To End
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