Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar upstream migration delay in a large hydropower reservoir

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda B. Babin ◽  
Stephan Peake ◽  
Tommi Linnansaari ◽  
R. Allen Curry ◽  
Mouhamed Ndong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Upstream Migration ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Hydropower Reservoir

Migration of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts in a large hydropower reservoir

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (9) ◽  
pp. 1463-1476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda B. Babin ◽  
Mouhamed Ndong ◽  
Katy Haralampides ◽  
Stephan Peake ◽  
Ross Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Apparent Survival ◽  
Migration Rates ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Model Migration ◽  
Migratory Timing ◽  
Hydropower Reservoir ◽  
Additional Losses

Migration rates, delay, timing, and success of acoustic-tagged Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) presmolts (n = 120) and smolts (n = 57) are reported as they moved through the large Mactaquac Generating Station (MGS) reservoir and subsequently the lower Saint John River (SJR). The potential relationship between fish movements and the MGS operations was examined directly and via a hydrodynamic model. Migration rates were 15.4–29.3 km·day−1 within the river sections and 5.0–13.3 km·day−1 through the reservoir, a significant reduction of 32%–57%. Migratory timing was temporally mismatched with dam operations such that only a few (n = 3) smolts had the option of dam passage via spill. Migration success estimated as apparent survival was high through the reservoir (81%–100%), declined by 8%–32% during passage at the MGS, and additional losses (27%–55%) occurred during the migration to the lower SJR, such that overall survival to the estuary for the groups tagged as autumn presmolts was 61%–65%, and survival for those tagged as spring smolts was 6%–10%.

Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) of the Leaf River, Ungava Bay

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 2616-2621 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L.G. Lee ◽  
G. Power
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Fork Length ◽  
Upstream Migration ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Length Range ◽  
Heavy Mortality

The Leaf River supports the most northerly known population of anadromous Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in Canada. River growth averaged 40–50 mm/yr, smolts averaged 258 mm fork length (range 190–300 mm) and 5.3 yr (range 4+ to 7+). Many males matured in fresh water and either incurred heavy mortality or became residual. Sex ratios among smolts were 5:1 in favor of females and among adults 3:1 in favor of females. Female 2-sea-winter salmon accounted for 75% of the fresh-run fish. Upstream migration peaked in August: kelts were still resident in the river 11 and 12 mo later.

Transferrin Variation in North American Populations of the Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1037-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Payne
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
North American ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
River System ◽  
Upstream Migration ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Life Styles ◽  
Genetic Discontinuity ◽  
Significant Deficit

A latitudinal cline was indicated by the frequency of the Tf4 transferrin allele in North American populations of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and an earlier suggestion of a major genetic discontinuity between the salmon populations of Newfoundland and those of the Canadian Maritimes is rejected.Male one-sea-winter fish had a statistically significant deficit of heterozygotes but transferrin phenotypes of one-sea-winter females and two-sea-winter or older fish of either sex agreed closely with the predictions of Hardy–Weinberg–Castle equilibria. Heterozygosity for Tf4 may be semilethal in male salmon programmed to return to spawn after one winter at sea.A comparison of anadromous and nonanadromous salmon populations from the same river system demonstrated that considerable genetic divergence can take place when postglacial crustal recovery produces barriers to upstream migration. The relative fitnesses of the transferrin phenotypes may be different for anadromous and nonanadromous life styles. In view of the demonstrated genetic divergence between anadromous and nonanadromous salmon stocks, the practice of "improving" salmon rivers by removing natural obstructions to upstream migration must be reconsidered in the case of river systems which have large stocks of nonanadromous salmon.

Stock Characteristics and Catches of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) in Quebec, and Newfoundland and Labrador in Relation to Environmental Variables

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 1601-1611 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Power
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
River Discharge ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Upstream Migration ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Salmon Stock ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Smolt Age

More than 500 stocks of anadromous Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in a natural vigorous state are estimated to exist in Newfoundland and the Quebec–Labrador peninsula. They represent the end result of 6000–13 000 years of natural selection for local conditions and have been subject to relatively little manipulation. Stock characteristics correlating with environmental variables include an inverse relation between smolt age and mean temperature, and smolt age and growing season, and a positive relation between the length of sea life and river discharge. Variations in precipitation and temperature across the area result in different patterns of river discharge. Winter discharge is critically low in the north and salmon are restricted to larger rivers; low summer discharge on the east coast of Newfoundland and in southern Quebec may limit parr territory and hamper adult upstream migration. Because upstream migrations are delayed in years of low rainfall, causing salmon to remain longer in the area of commercial fisheries, salmon catches are generally higher in years of low rain than in wet years. The negative correlation occurs again in the catches of salmon 1, 2, and 7 years after years of low rainfall, but the reasons for this are obscure. Sea and river temperatures confine migration to a very short interval in Ungava and affect life cycles and maturation patterns. Most males spend over 12 mo in freshwater before spawning. Constraints are relaxed further south until high summer temperatures cause selection for early and late running stocks. There is a need for more systematic compilation of salmon stock data particularly over long enough periods to evaluate the effects of climatic variables and management strategies.Key words: Atlantic salmon, stock characteristics, precipitation and catches, temperature, migration

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