Adult Sockeye Salmon Gastrically Tagged Near Spawning Grounds Exhibit Lower Survival Rates throughout the Spawning Period than Externally Tagged Conspecifics

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 939-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Dick ◽  
D. A. Patterson ◽  
K. A. Robinson ◽  
E. J. Eliason ◽  
S. G. Hinch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Spawning Grounds ◽  
Spawning Period ◽  
Lower Survival

Coastal marine and in-river migration behaviour of adult sockeye salmon en route to spawning grounds

2014 ◽  
Vol 496 ◽  
pp. 71-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
SM Wilson ◽  
SG Hinch ◽  
SM Drenner ◽  
EG Martins ◽  
NB Furey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Spawning Grounds ◽  
Migration Behaviour ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
River Migration

Biochemical Studies on Sockeye Salmon During Spawning Migration: XI. The Free Histidine Content of the Tissues

1960 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Wood ◽  
D. W. Duncan ◽  
M. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spawning Migration ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Initial Value ◽  
Spawning Grounds ◽  
Biochemical Studies

During the first 250 miles (400 km) of spawning migration of Fraser River sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) the free histidine content of the muscle, alimentary tract, and head+skin+bones+tail decreased to a small fraction of the initial value. A further decrease occurred in the levels of this amino acid in the alimentary tract during the subsequent 415-mile (657-km) migration to the spawning grounds, no change being observed with the other tissues. Comparatively small changes in free histidine were found with heart, spleen, liver, kidney and gonads during migration.

scholarly journals Mortality After Femoral Neck Fractures: A Two-Year Follow-up

Medicina ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaunius Kurtinaitis ◽  
Jolanta Dadonienė ◽  
Giedrius Kvederas ◽  
Narūnas Porvaneckas ◽  
Tomas Butėnas
Keyword(s):  
Total Hip Arthroplasty ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Internal Fixation ◽  
Hip Arthroplasty ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Femoral Neck Fractures ◽  
Standardized Mortality Ratio ◽  
Lower Survival ◽  
Mortality Ratio ◽  
The Difference

Background and Objective. To identify the survival and standardized mortality ratio with respect to gender, age, and treatment method of patients treated for femoral neck fractures. Material and Methods. A retrospective review of medical records of 736 patients treated for femoral neck fractures at Vilnius University Emergency Hospital during 2004–2006 was carried out. Results. The overall 1- and 2-year survival rates were 77.4% and 67.1%, respectively. Lower survival rates were observed in the internal fixation group than in the primary and secondary total hip arthroplasty groups (63.2% vs. 72.0% and 75.1%). Cox proportional hazards model analysis showed patient age to be a significant risk factor for survival (hazard ratio, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.04– 1.07; P<0.001). The overall standardized mortality ratio was 2.50. The standardized mortality ratios for men and women were 3.07 and 2.27, respectively, but the difference between these groups was not significant. Conclusions. Standardized mortality and survival rates decreased with increasing patients’ age. Significantly lower survival rates were documented in the internal fixation group as compared with primary and secondary total hip arthroplasty groups. There was a trend toward a higher standardized mortality ratio in men than women, but the difference was not significant.

scholarly journals Feeding of mature cod (Gadus morhua) on the spawning grounds in Lofoten

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrine Michalsen ◽  
Edda Johannesen ◽  
Bjarte Bogstad
Keyword(s):  
Diet Composition ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Lower Proportion ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Stomach Fullness ◽  
Spawning Grounds ◽  
Spawning Period ◽  
Established Fact ◽  
A Minor

Abstract Michalsen, K., Johannesen, E., and Bogstad, B. 2008. Feeding of mature cod (Gadus morhua) on the spawning grounds in Lofoten. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 571–580. Many authors state that cod (Gadus morhua) do not feed during the spawning period. However, this more or less established fact has rarely been investigated in the field. Here, the content of stomachs from Northeast Arctic cod (NEAC) and Norwegian coastal cod (NCC) sampled from the spawning ground in Lofoten were examined over a 10-year period (1996–2006). The occurrence of food in the stomachs of spawning cod, stomach fullness, diet composition, and variation in these variables between NEAC and NCC, year, and sex were analysed and compared. The analysis shows that cod do feed, even when they are in a spawning state. NCC had a lower proportion of empty stomachs and the stomachs were fuller than those from NEAC. Females had a lower proportion of empty stomachs than males and their stomachs were in general fuller. Herring (Clupea harengus) dominated the diet of cod. However, cod consumption of herring on the spawning grounds seems to be a minor source of mortality on herring. Although spawning cod do feed, the proportion of empty stomachs was higher and stomach fullness was lower than in stomachs of NEAC from the Barents Sea.

Sex-specific differences in cardiac control and hematology of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) approaching their spawning grounds

2009 ◽  
Vol 297 (4) ◽  
pp. R1136-R1143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Sandblom ◽  
Timothy D. Clark ◽  
Scott G. Hinch ◽  
Anthony P. Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Spawning Grounds ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Cardiac Control ◽  
Mechanistic Basis

Some male salmonids (e.g., rainbow trout) display profound cardiovascular adjustments during sexual maturation, including cardiac growth and hypertension, and tachycardia has been observed in free-ranging male salmonids near their spawning grounds. In the present study, we investigated cardiac control, dorsal aortic blood pressure, cardiac morphometrics, and hematological variables in wild, sexually maturing sockeye salmon ( Oncorhynchus nerka) with a particular aim to decipher any sex-specific differences. Routine heart rate ( fH) was significantly higher in females (52 vs. 43 beats/min), which was due to significantly lower cholinergic tone (28 vs. 46%), because there were no differences in adrenergic tone or intrinsic heart rate between sexes. No differences in blood pressure were observed despite males possessing an 11% greater relative ventricular mass. Concomitant with higher routine heart rates, female sockeye had significantly higher levels of cortisol, testosterone, and 17β-estradiol, whereas the level of 11-ketotestosterone was higher in males. There were no differences in hematocrit or hemoglobin concentration between the sexes. The findings of this study highlight the importance of considering sex as a variable in research fields such as conservation biology and when modeling the consequences of local and global climate change. Indeed, this study helps to provide a mechanistic basis for the significantly higher rates of female mortality observed in previous studies of wild-caught sockeye salmon.

High river temperature reduces survival of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) approaching spawning grounds and exacerbates female mortality

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 330-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo G. Martins ◽  
Scott G. Hinch ◽  
David A. Patterson ◽  
Merran J. Hague ◽  
Steven J. Cooke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Female Mortality ◽  
River Section ◽  
Spawning Grounds ◽  
River Temperature ◽  
Related Mortality

Recent studies have shown that warm temperatures reduce survival of adult migrating sockeye salmon ( Oncorhynchus nerka ), but knowledge gaps exist on where high-temperature-related mortality occurs along the migration and whether females and males are differentially impacted by river temperature. In this study, we monitored 437 radio-tagged Fraser River sockeye salmon and used capture–mark–recapture modelling approaches to investigate whether river thermal conditions differentially influence (i) spatial patterns of survival along a 413-km stretch of migration and (ii) survival of the sexes. Regardless of water temperature, survival decreased in the river section containing the most hydraulically difficult passages of the migration. However, when water temperature was warm (19 °C), survival decreased even further in the final 186 km of the migration prior to reaching the spawning grounds, particularly in females. Female and male survival differed but only when they experienced warm river temperatures. Under such conditions, the overall freshwater migration survival of males was 1.6 times higher (0.79 ± 0.09 standard error, SE) than that of females (0.50 ± 0.11 SE). As maturing female sockeye salmon maintain higher levels of plasma cortisol compared with males, we suspect that females could be immuno-compromised and thus less resistant to pathogens whose rates of development are accelerated by warm temperatures.

scholarly journals P6: CIRCULATING MICRORNA PATTERN DEFINES A BIOLOGICALLY DISTINCT BREAST CANCER PATTERN IN BLACK (B) WOMEN RELATIVE TO ONE CCCURRING IN WHITE (W) WOMEN

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 819.2-819
Author(s):  
I Shapira ◽  
P Daksharam ◽  
V Kremer ◽  
A Banavali ◽  
M Kopf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Tumor Biology ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Tissue Bank ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Circulating Microrna ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Lower Survival

Purpose of StudyBlack women with triple negative breast cancer have 46% lower survival rates attributed to differences in tumor biology. We analyzed presurgical plasma microRNA of white (W) and black (B) women with TNBC enrolled in our breast ovarian tissue bank between 2004 and 2014.AimsDetect microRNA patterns in pre-surgical plasma of TNBC W or B Analyze differences by integrated approach to detect pathways differentially activated in the two groups.Methods UsedBetween 2004 and 2014 we investigated patterns of plasma miRNAs collected before, after surgery, during and after chemotherapy in 67 patients presenting for surgery for breast cancer (W=44 & B=44) and 25 age and race matched normal controls. Two-sample t-test was used for all 2-sample comparison and ANOVA followed by Benjamin Hochberg post-hoc test to compare the mean response between subject factors of interest. All tests were 2-tailed and results with a p<0.05 were considered statistically significant. Coremine was used to identify datasets in breast cancer microarray with emphasis on our differentially expressed circulating miRs.Summary of ResultsMean age cancer 48 (range 35–78), control 44 (range 35–67): B patients did not express over 70% of pre-surgical plasma miRs over-expressed in the W pre-surgical plasma. Black patients had lower expression of MiRs: −16-5p, −484, −126, −150-5p, −142-3p; −30c-5p, −186-5p, 139-5p. Samples from white patients overexpressed miRs−126, −150-5p, −142-3p; −30c-5p, −186-5p, 139-5p compared to healthy controls. These miRs significantly suppressed in blacks p<0.05.Coremine text mining suggests differentially regulated microRNA are involved in mitochondrial quality control and biogenesis.ConclusionsDeregulation in circulating miRs between B and W patients point to pathways involved in mitochondrial fission and fusion. Aberrant mitochondria biogenesis was reported as mechanism for cancer stem cell survival and detrimental to innate immunity. Such pathways could explain the lower survival seen in black breast cancer patients.

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