Identification of Summer‐Run Chinook Salmon Spawning Areas in the Main‐Stem Columbia River Upstream of Wells Dam, Washington

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-314
Author(s):  
Charles G. Snow ◽  
Ryan D. Mann
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Columbia River ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Spawning Areas

Comparison of Spawning Areas and Times for Two Runs of Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Kenai River, Alaska

1985 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 693-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl V. Burger ◽  
Richard L. Wilmot ◽  
David B. Wangaard
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Upstream Migration ◽  
Cook Inlet ◽  
Large Lakes ◽  
Spawning Areas ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Southcentral Alaska ◽  
Radio Transmitters

From 1979 to 1982,188 chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) were tagged with radio transmitters to locate spawning areas in the glacial Kenai River, southcentral Alaska. Results confirmed that an early run entered the river in May and June and spawned in tributaries, and a late run entered the river from late June through August and spawned in the main stem. Spawning peaked during August in tributaries influenced by lakes, but during July in other tributaries. Lakes may have increased fall and winter temperatures of downstream waters, enabling successful reproduction for later spawning fish within these tributaries. This hypothesis assumes that hatching and emergence can be completed in a shorter time in lake-influenced waters. The time of upstream migration and spawning (mid- to late August) of the late run is unique among chinook stocks in Cook Inlet. This behavior may have developed only because two large lakes (Kenai and Skilak) directly influence the main-stem Kenai River. If run timing is genetically controlled, and if the various components of the two runs are isolated stocks that have adapted to predictable stream temperatures, there are implications for stock transplantation programs and for any activities of man that alter stream temperatures.

Assessment of Subyearling Chinook Salmon Survival through the Federal Hydropower Projects in the Main-Stem Columbia River

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 741-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Skalski ◽  
M. Brad Eppard ◽  
Gene R. Ploskey ◽  
Mark A. Weiland ◽  
Thomas J. Carlson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Columbia River ◽  
Main Stem

Impacts of the Columbia River Hydroelectric System on Main-Stem Habitats of Fall Chinook Salmon

2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 641-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. D. Dauble ◽  
T. P. Hanrahan ◽  
D. R. Geist ◽  
M. J. Parsley
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Columbia River ◽  
Main Stem

Influence of River Level on Temperature and Hydraulic Gradients in Chum and Fall Chinook Salmon Spawning Areas Downstream of Bonneville Dam, Columbia River

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Geist ◽  
Evan V. Arntzen ◽  
Christopher J. Murray ◽  
Kathleen E. McGrath ◽  
Yi-Ju Bott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Columbia River ◽  
River Level ◽  
Spawning Areas ◽  
Hydraulic Gradients

Hyporheic discharge of river water into fall chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) spawning areas in the Hanford Reach, Columbia River

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 1647-1656 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R Geist
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
River Water ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Hyporheic Zone ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Columbia River ◽  
Specific Conductance ◽  
Chemical Gradients ◽  
Spawning Areas ◽  
Hanford Reach

Fall chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) spawned predominantly in areas of the Hanford Reach of the Columbia River where hyporheic water discharged into the river channel. This upwelling water had a dissolved solids content (i.e., specific conductance) indicative of river water and was presumed to have entered highly permeable riverbed substrate at locations upstream of the spawning areas. Hyporheic discharge zones composed of undiluted ground water or areas with little or no upwelling were not used by spawning salmon. Rates of upwelling into spawning areas averaged 1200 L·m-2·day-1 (95% CI = 784-1665 L·m-2·day-1) as compared with approximately 500 L·m-2·day-1 (95% CI = 303-1159 L·m-2·day-1) in nonspawning areas. Dissolved oxygen content of the hyporheic discharge near salmon spawning areas was about 9 mg·L-1 (±0.4 mg·L-1) whereas in nonspawning areas, dissolved oxygen values were 7 mg·L-1 (±0.9 mg·L-1) or lower. In both cases, dissolved oxygen of the river water was higher (11.3 ± 0.3 mg·L-1). Physical and chemical gradients between the hyporheic zone and the river may provide cues for adult salmon to locate suitable spawning areas. This information will help fisheries managers to describe the suitability of salmon spawning habitat in large rivers.

Route selection in a large river during the homing migration of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 1752-1762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew L Keefer ◽  
Christopher C Caudill ◽  
Christopher A Peery ◽  
Theodore C Bjornn
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Columbia River ◽  
Large River ◽  
Migration Route ◽  
Route Selection ◽  
Behavioral Differences ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Selection Decisions ◽  
Efficient Route

Upstream-migrating adult salmon must make a series of correct navigation and route-selection decisions to successfully locate natal streams. In this field study, we examined factors influencing migration route selections early in the migration of 4361 radio-tagged adult Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) as they moved upstream past dams in the large (~1 km wide) Columbia River. Substantial behavioral differences were observed among 11 conspecific populations, despite largely concurrent migrations. At dams, Chinook salmon generally preferred ladder passage routes adjacent to the shoreline where their natal tributaries entered, and the degree of preference increased as salmon proximity to natal tributaries increased. Columbia River discharge also influenced route choices, explaining some route selection variability. We suggest that salmon detect lateral gradients in orientation cues across the Columbia River channel that are entrained within tributary plumes and that these gradients in cues can persist downstream for tens to hundreds of kilometres. Detection of tributary plumes in large river systems, using olfactory or other navigation cues, may facilitate efficient route selection and optimize energy conservation by long-distance migrants.

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