Toward “Light‐to‐Light” Protection of Automotive Camera Monitor Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
Benjamin Axmann ◽  
Frank Langner ◽  
Chihao Xu ◽  
Karlheinz Blankenbach ◽  
Mirko Conrad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Protection

scholarly journals Identification of Biomolecules Involved in the Adaptation to the Environment of Cold-Loving Microorganisms and Metabolic Pathways for Their Production

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1155
Author(s):  
Eva Garcia-Lopez ◽  
Paula Alcazar ◽  
Cristina Cid
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Light Protection ◽  
Domains Of Life ◽  
Mechanisms Of Adaptation ◽  
Resistance To Stress ◽  
Function Discovery

Cold-loving microorganisms of all three domains of life have unique and special abilities that allow them to live in harsh environments. They have acquired structural and molecular mechanisms of adaptation to the cold that include the production of anti-freeze proteins, carbohydrate-based extracellular polymeric substances and lipids which serve as cryo- and osmoprotectants by maintaining the fluidity of their membranes. They also produce a wide diversity of pigmented molecules to obtain energy, carry out photosynthesis, increase their resistance to stress and provide them with ultraviolet light protection. Recently developed analytical techniques have been applied as high-throughoutput technologies for function discovery and for reconstructing functional networks in psychrophiles. Among them, omics deserve special mention, such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, glycomics, lipidomics and metabolomics. These techniques have allowed the identification of microorganisms and the study of their biogeochemical activities. They have also made it possible to infer their metabolic capacities and identify the biomolecules that are parts of their structures or that they secrete into the environment, which can be useful in various fields of biotechnology. This Review summarizes current knowledge on psychrophiles as sources of biomolecules and the metabolic pathways for their production. New strategies and next-generation approaches are needed to increase the chances of discovering new biomolecules.

Diabetic skin and UV light: Protection by antioxidants

2019 ◽  
Vol 127 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aggeliki Dimaki ◽  
Maria Kyriazi ◽  
Georgios Leonis ◽  
Ioannis Sfiniadakis ◽  
Georgios Theodoros Papaioannou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uv Light ◽  
Light Protection

Bioactive chitosan/ellagic acid films with UV-light protection for active food packaging

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 120-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Vilela ◽  
Ricardo J.B. Pinto ◽  
Joel Coelho ◽  
Maria R.M. Domingues ◽  
Sara Daina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ellagic Acid ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Active Food Packaging ◽  
Light Protection

scholarly journals Photoinstability of S-Nitrosothiols during Sampling of Whole Blood: A Likely Source of Error and Variability in S-Nitrosothiol Measurements

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 916-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiduo Wu ◽  
Fenghua Zhang ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Maheshkumaar Krishnamoorthy ◽  
Prabir Roy-Chaudhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Standard Addition ◽  
Aluminum Foil ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Butterfly Needle ◽  
Light Protection ◽  
Initial Sampling ◽  
Tube Assembly

Abstract Background: The determination of reference intervals for the concentration of total S-nitrosothiols (RSNOs) in blood is a highly controversial topic, likely because of the inherent instability of these species. Most currently available techniques to quantify RSNOs in blood require considerable sample handling and multiple pretreatment steps during which light exposure is difficult to completely eliminate. We investigated the effect of brief light exposure on the stability of RSNO species in blood during the initial sampling process. Methods: A novel amperometric RSNO sensor, based on an immobilized organoselenium catalyst at the distal tip of an electrochemical nitric oxide detector, was used to determine RSNO species in diluted whole blood without centrifugation or pretreatment. Porcine blood was collected into aluminum foil–wrapped syringes via a 12-inch butterfly needle tube assembly. Two blood samples were collected from the same animal—one with the butterfly needle tubing wrapped in aluminum foil and one with the tubing exposed to ambient room light. The RSNO concentrations in these sequential blood samples were determined by a standard addition procedure. Results: Eight sets of measurements were made in 6 animals. Samples exposed to light yielded RSNO concentrations only 23.6% (7.2%) [mean (SD)] of the RSNO concentrations determined in samples that were shielded from light and obtained from the same animals. Conclusions: These results suggest significant photoinstablity of RSNOs in whole blood and indicate the critical importance of proper light protection during sampling and processing of blood samples for the accurate determinations of endogenous RSNO concentrations.

scholarly journals A High-Five for High Light Protection

2020 ◽  
Vol 184 (2) ◽  
pp. 570-571
Author(s):  
Kasper van Gelderen
Keyword(s):  
High Light ◽  
Light Protection

The structure and function of grana-free thylakoid membranes in gerontoplasts of senescent leaves of vicia faba l.

1988 ◽  
Vol 43 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 149-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Oskar Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Thylakoid Membranes ◽  
Photochemical Activity ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Polypeptide Composition ◽  
Light Harvesting Complex ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Light Protection ◽  
Flotation Method ◽  
And Function

In the course of yellowing (senescence) the leaves of Vicia faba L. lose 95% of their chlorophyll. Gerontoplasts develop from chloroplasts and aggregate with the pycnotic mitochondria and the cell nucleus in the senescent cells (organelle aggregation). The gerontoplasts contain only a few, unstacked thylakoid membranes but a large number of carotinoid-containing plastoglobuli, which after the degration of chlorophyll presumably assume the light protection of the cells. The thylakoid membranes of the gerontoplasts were isolated by means of a flotation method. Their polypeptide composition is characterized by a high proportion of light-harvesting complex. Evidence of relatively high photochemical activity shows that functional thylakoid membranes are present in the premortal senescence state of leaves and this suggests that there is functional compartmentation of the hydrolytic processes in this stage of the leaves’ development

scholarly journals Stability of Ready-to-Administer and Ready-to-Use Epinephrine and Norepinephrine Injection Solutions

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Marina Heeb ◽  
Bettina Stollhof ◽  
Julia Reichhold ◽  
Judith Thiesen ◽  
Irene Krämer
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Type I ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Intensive Care Patients ◽  
Pharmacy Department ◽  
Physicochemical Stability ◽  
Light Protection ◽  
The University

AbstractBackgroundIn the University Medical Centre Mainz, standard concentrations are defined for medicinal products to be administered by continuous injection with syringe pumps in adult intensive care patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical stability of ready-to-use and ready-to-administer preparations containing Epinephrine (E) and Norepinephrine (NE) in standardized concentrations and prepared batch wise in the pharmacy department as basis for assigning shelf-lives.MethodsE 20 µg/mL and NE 10 µg/mL in disposable syringes and NE 40, 100, 200, 400 µg/ml in 50 ml amber type I glass vials were prepared batch wise and the concentrations were analyzed by stability-indicating, validated reversed-phase HPLC-PDA assays. Test solutions for long-term stability studies were stored under refrigeration (2–8 °C) for 6–12 months or at elevated temperatures (21–27 °C) light protected for up to 6 months or without light protection for up to one month. Osmolality and pH were measured on predefined intervals.ResultsThe concentrations of E in 50 mL syringes and NE in 10 mL syringes remained unchanged over a period of 6 months when stored at 2–8 °C. NE preparations of different concentrations prepared in amber glass vials remained stable over a study period of 12 months. At RT the shelf-life decreased to about 6 months and the exposure to mixed daylight at RT caused loss of stability in only few days.ConclusionsBatch wise preparation of ready-to-administer (RTA) preparations containing 20 µg/mL E or 10 µg/mL NE in disposable syringes as well as ready-to-use (RTU) preparations containing 40, 100, 200 and 400 µg/mL NE was successfully implemented in a pharmacy department. Storage of the preparations at refrigerated temperatures is required to obtain acceptable shelf-lives of 6–12 months. Elevated temperatures and especially exposure to mixed daylight significantly decreased the shelf life.

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