scholarly journals Robust outer volume suppression utilizing elliptical pulsed second order fields (ECLIPSE) for human brain proton MRSI

2019 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 1539-1552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chathura Kumaragamage ◽  
Henk M. De Feyter ◽  
Peter Brown ◽  
Scott McIntyre ◽  
Terence W. Nixon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Outer Volume Suppression

scholarly journals Automatic placement of outer volume suppression slices in MR spectroscopic imaging of the human brain

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 592-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manel Martínez-Ramón ◽  
Ascensión Gallardo-Antolín ◽  
Jesús Cid-Sueiro ◽  
Gregory L. Heileman ◽  
Kaung-Ti Yung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Spectroscopic Imaging ◽  
Outer Volume Suppression ◽  
Automatic Placement ◽  
Mr Spectroscopic Imaging

scholarly journals Atlas-based automated positioning of outer volume suppression slices in short-echo time 3D MR spectroscopic imaging of the human brain

2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 911-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaung-Ti Yung ◽  
Weili Zheng ◽  
Chenguang Zhao ◽  
Manel Martínez-Ramón ◽  
André van der Kouwe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Spectroscopic Imaging ◽  
Outer Volume Suppression ◽  
Echo Time ◽  
Short Echo Time ◽  
Mr Spectroscopic Imaging

Two Types of Libertarian Free Will Are Realized in the Human Brain

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter U. Tse
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Free Will ◽  
Mental Causation ◽  
Neural Code ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Neural Spiking ◽  
Mental Events ◽  
Libertarian Free Will ◽  
New View

In Chapter 10, Peter U. Tse describes various developments in neuroscience that reveal how volitional mental events can be causal within a physicalist paradigm and argues that two types of libertarian free will are realized in the human brain. He takes as his foundation a new understanding of the neural code that emphasizes rapid synaptic resetting over the traditional emphasis of neural spiking. Such a neural code is an instance of “criterial causation,” which requires modifying standard interventionist conceptions of causation. This new view of the neural code, Tse argues, also provides a way out of self-causation arguments against the possibility of mental causation. Finally, Tse maintains that only if there is a second-order free will or meta-free will—do brains have the capacity to both have chosen otherwise and to have meta-chosen otherwise.

Slice-selective FID acquisition, localized by outer volume suppression (FIDLOVS) for1H-MRSI of the human brain at 7 T with minimal signal loss

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 683-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anke Henning ◽  
Alexander Fuchs ◽  
James B. Murdoch ◽  
Peter Boesiger
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Signal Loss ◽  
Outer Volume Suppression

scholarly journals Mapping dopaminergic projections in the human brain with resting-state fMRI

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Oldehinkel ◽  
Alberto Llera ◽  
Myrthe Faber ◽  
Ismael Huertas ◽  
Jan K. Buitelaar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Human Connectome Project

AbstractThe striatum receives dense dopaminergic projections making it a key region of the dopaminergic system. Its dysfunction has been implicated in various conditions including Parkinson’s disease and substance use disorder. However, the investigation of dopamine-specific functioning in humans is problematic as the striatum is highly interconnected and current MRI approaches are unable to differentiate between dopaminergic and other projections. Here, we demonstrate that “connectopic mapping” –a novel approach for characterizing fine-grained and overlapping modes of functional connectivity– can be used to map dopaminergic projections and as such, enables the investigation of dopamine-related functioning both in health and disease.We applied connectopic mapping to resting-state functional MRI data of the Human Connectome Project (population cohort; N=839) and selected the second-order striatal connectivity mode for further analyses. We first validated its specificity to dopaminergic projections by demonstrating a very high spatial correlation (r=0.884) with dopamine transporter availability –a marker of dopaminergic projections– derived from DaT-SPECT scans of 209 healthy control subjects of the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative. Next, we obtained the subject-specific second-order modes from 20 controls, and 39 Parkinson’s disease patients scanned under placebo and under dopamine replacement therapy (L-DOPA), and show that our proposed marker of dopamine function indeed tracks Parkinson’s disease diagnosis, symptom severity and sensitivity to L-DOPA. Finally, across 30 daily alcohol users and 38 daily smokers of the Human Connectome Project, we establish strong associations between the second-order striatal connectivity mode and self-reported weekly use of alcohol and nicotine.Our findings provide compelling evidence that the second-order mode of functional connectivity in striatum maps onto dopaminergic projections, tracks inter-individual differences in symptom severity and L-DOPA sensitivity in Parkinson’s disease patients, and exhibits strong associations with levels of nicotine and alcohol use in a population-based cohort. We hereby provide a new biomarker for dopamine-related dysfunction in the human brain with potential clinical utility that could foster insights into the neurobiological underpinnings of various dopamine-associated conditions.

scholarly journals First and second-order motion perception after focal human brain lesions

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (26) ◽  
pp. 2682-2688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Rizzo ◽  
Mark Nawrot ◽  
JonDavid Sparks ◽  
Jeffrey Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Motion Perception ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Brain Lesions

Language processing is not a race against time

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giosuè Baggio ◽  
Carmelo M. Vicario
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Memory Systems ◽  
Language System ◽  
Moderating Factors

AbstractWe agree with Christiansen & Chater (C&C) that language processing and acquisition are tightly constrained by the limits of sensory and memory systems. However, the human brain supports a range of cognitive functions that mitigate the effects of information processing bottlenecks. The language system is partly organised around these moderating factors, not just around restrictions on storage and computation.

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