scholarly journals Measuring large lipid droplet sizes by probing restricted lipid diffusion effects with diffusion-weighted MRS at 3T

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 3427-3439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Weidlich ◽  
Julius Honecker ◽  
Oliver Gmach ◽  
Mingming Wu ◽  
Rainer Burgkart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Droplet ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
Diffusion Effects ◽  
Large Lipid Droplet ◽  
Droplet Sizes ◽  
Lipid Diffusion

scholarly journals STRUCTURE-FUNCTION RELATIONSHIPS IN THE ADIPOSE CELL

1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 326-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel W. Cushman
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Droplet ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Adipose Cell ◽  
Subcellular Organelles ◽  
Extensive System ◽  
Large Lipid Droplet ◽  
Structural Responses ◽  
Adipose Cells ◽  
Stimulation Of

A method is described for preparing isolated rat adipose cells for electron microscopy. The ultrastructure of such cells and their production of 14CO2 from U-glucose-14C were studied simultaneously in the presence of insulin or epinephrine. Each adipose cell consists of a large lipid droplet surrounded by a thin rim of cytoplasm. In addition to typical subcellular organelles, a variety of small lipid droplets and an extensive system of membranes characterize the cell's cytoplasm. A fenestrated envelope surrounds the large, central lipid droplet. Similar envelopes surround cytoplasmic lipid droplets occurring individually or as aggregates of very small, amorphous droplets. Groups of individual droplets of smaller size also occur without envelopes. The system of membranes consists of invaginations of the cell membrane, vesicles possibly of pinocytic origin, simple and vesiculated vacuoles, vesicles deeper in the cytoplasm, flattened and vesicular smooth surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi complexes. Neither insulin nor epinephrine produced detectable ultrastructural alterations even when cells were incubated under optimal conditions for the stimulation of 14CO2 evolution. Structural responses of the isolated adipose cell to hormones, if such occur, must, therefore, be dynamic rather than qualitative in nature; the extensive system of smooth surfaced membranes is suggestive of compartmentalized transport and metabolism.

scholarly journals NPC1L1 inhibition disturbs lipid trafficking and induces large lipid droplet formation in intestinal absorptive epithelial cells

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takanari Nakano ◽  
Ikuo Inoue ◽  
Yasuhiro Takenaka ◽  
Rina Ito ◽  
Norihiro Kotani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Lipid Droplet ◽  
Regulatory Element ◽  
Droplet Formation ◽  
Lipid Trafficking ◽  
Cellular Cholesterol ◽  
Lipid Droplet Formation ◽  
Apical Side ◽  
Large Lipid Droplet ◽  
Niemann Pick

ABSTRACTEzetimibe inhibits Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1) protein, which mediates intracellular cholesterol trafficking from the brush border membrane to the endoplasmic reticulum, where chylomicron assembly takes place in enterocytes or in the intestinal absorptive epithelial cells. Cholesterol is a minor lipid component of chylomicrons; however, whether or not a shortage of cholesterol attenuates chylomicron assembly is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of NPC1L1 inhibition on trans-epithelial lipid transport, and chylomicron assembly and secretion in enterocytes. Caco-2 cells, an absorptive epithelial model, grown onto culture inserts were given lipid micelles from the apical side, and chylomicron-like triacylglycerol-rich lipoprotein secreted basolaterally were analyzed after a 24-h incubation period in the presence of ezetimibe up to 50 μM. The secretion of lipoprotein and apolipoprotein B48 were reduced by adding ezetimibe (30%, p<0.01 and 34%, p<0.05, respectively). Additionally, ezetimibe accelerated intracellular apoB protein degradation by approximately 2.8-fold and activated sterol regulatory element binding protein 2 by approximately 1.5-fold: These are indicators whether the cells are sensing cellular cholesterol shortage. Thus, ezetimibe appeared to limit cellular cholesterol mobilization required for lipoprotein assembly. In such conditions, large lipid droplet formation in Caco-2 cells and the enterocytes in mice were induced, implying that unprocessed triglyceride was sheltered in these compartments. Although ezetimibe did not reduce the post-prandial lipid surge appreciably in triolein-infused mice, the results of the present study indicated that NPC1L1-mediated supply chylomicron with cholesterol may participate in a novel regulatory mechanism for the efficient chylomicron assembly and secretion.

scholarly journals mTORC1 signalling mediates PI3K-dependent large lipid droplet accumulation inDrosophilaovarian nurse cells

Biology Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 563-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence B. Mensah ◽  
Deborah C. I. Goberdhan ◽  
Clive Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Droplet ◽  
Nurse Cells ◽  
Large Lipid Droplet

Ultrastructure of basidiospores of the mycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (14) ◽  
pp. 1525-1533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles W. Mims
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Droplet ◽  
Outer Layer ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Distal Portion ◽  
Pisolithus Tinctorius ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Large Lipid Droplet ◽  
Single Nucleus ◽  
Cellular Components

Basidia of Pisolithus tinctorius develop from terminal hyphal cells. The distal portion of the basidium enlarges, meiosis occurs, and basidiospore initials develop on short, stout, sterigmata, Young basidia and basidiospore initials are embedded in a fibrillar matrix. As spore initials develop, the basidium becomes highly vacuolate as the contents of the basidium move into the spore initials. A single nucleus typically enters each spore initial. A spore initial is eventually delimited from the basidium near the distal end of the sterigma. Wall material is subsequently deposited in this region sealing off the young spore from the basidium. The basidium then collapses leaving the short sterigma attached to the spore. Young basidiospores are initially highly vacuolate but a large lipid droplet eventually develops and displaces the other cellular components to the periphery of the spore. The oldest spores examined possessed a four-layered wall, the outer layer of which bears the surface spines. Many aberrant spores possessing more or less typical surface spines but lacking cellular components were routinely observed in this study side by side with normal spores.

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