Quantification of human lung structure and physiology using hyperpolarized 129 Xe

2013 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 339-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulin V. Chang ◽  
James D. Quirk ◽  
Iulian C. Ruset ◽  
Jeffrey J. Atkinson ◽  
F. William Hersman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Lung ◽  
Lung Structure

The aging lung

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher AE Dyer ◽  
Robert A Stockley
Keyword(s):  
Lung Disease ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Human Lung ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Lung Structure ◽  
Pulmonary Changes ◽  
And Function ◽  
Disease Exposure

Over a lifetime, the human lung is exposed to a multitude of factors capable of altering its structure and function. The frequency of acute, self-limiting lung disease, exposure to environmental pollutants and previous tobacco consumption in elderly people makes it difficult to identify pulmonary changes that can be attributed to ‘normal aging’ alone. It is likely that all these factors may have some influence on both lung structure and function.

scholarly journals Modelling structural determinants of ventilation heterogeneity: a perturbative approach

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl A. Whitfield ◽  
Alex Horsley ◽  
Oliver E. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Human Lung ◽  
Clinical Test ◽  
Computationally Efficient ◽  
Structural Determinants ◽  
Perturbative Approach ◽  
Lung Structure ◽  
Ventilation Heterogeneity ◽  
Multiple Breath Washout ◽  
Clinically Significant

AbstractWe have developed a computational model of gas mixing and ventilation in the human lung represented as a bifurcating network. We have simulated multiple-breath washout (MBW), a clinical test for measuring ventilation heterogeneity (VH) in patients with obstructive lung conditions. By applying airway constrictions inter-regionally, we have predicted the response of MBW indices to obstructions and found that they detect a narrow range of severe constrictions that reduce airway radius to 10%–30% of healthy values. These results help to explain the success of the MBW test to distinguish obstructive lung conditions from healthy controls. Further, we have used a perturbative approach to account for intra-regional airway heterogeneity that avoids modelling each airway individually. We have found, for random airway heterogeneity, that the variance in MBW indices is greater when indices are already elevated due to constrictions. By quantifying this effect, we have shown that variability in lung structure and mechanical properties alone can lead to clinically significant variability in LCI and Scond, but only in cases simulating obstructive lung conditions. This method is a computationally efficient way to probe the lung’s sensitivity to structural changes, and to quantify uncertainty in predictions due to random variations in lung mechanical and structural properties.

scholarly journals Nondestructive cryomicro-CT imaging enables structural and molecular analysis of human lung tissue

2017 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragoş M. Vasilescu ◽  
André B. Phillion ◽  
Naoya Tanabe ◽  
Daisuke Kinose ◽  
David F. Paige ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Human Lung ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ct Imaging ◽  
Matrix Composition ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Human Lung Tissue ◽  
Lung Structure

Micro-computed tomography (CT) enables three-dimensional (3D) imaging of complex soft tissue structures, but current protocols used to achieve this goal preclude cellular and molecular phenotyping of the tissue. Here we describe a radiolucent cryostage that permits micro-CT imaging of unfixed frozen human lung samples at an isotropic voxel size of (11 µm)3 under conditions where the sample is maintained frozen at −30°C during imaging. The cryostage was tested for thermal stability to maintain samples frozen up to 8 h. This report describes the methods used to choose the materials required for cryostage construction and demonstrates that whole genome mRNA integrity and expression are not compromised by exposure to micro-CT radiation and that the tissue can be used for immunohistochemistry. The new cryostage provides a novel method enabling integration of 3D tissue structure with cellular and molecular analysis to facilitate the identification of molecular determinants of disease. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The described micro-CT cryostage provides a novel way to study the three-dimensional lung structure preserved without the effects of fixatives while enabling subsequent studies of the cellular matrix composition and gene expression. This approach will, for the first time, enable researchers to study structural changes of lung tissues that occur with disease and correlate them with changes in gene or protein signatures.

scholarly journals Effects of mesenchymal stromal cell-conditioned media on measures of lung structure and function: a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvaro Moreira ◽  
Rija Naqvi ◽  
Kristen Hall ◽  
Chimobi Emukah ◽  
John Martinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Mesenchymal Stromal Cell ◽  
Stromal Cell ◽  
Human Lung ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Lung Structure ◽  
And Function

Abstract Background Lung disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. A breach in the lung alveolar-epithelial barrier and impairment in lung function are hallmarks of acute and chronic pulmonary illness. This review is part two of our previous work. In part 1, we demonstrated that CdM is as effective as MSCs in modulating inflammation. Herein, we investigated the effects of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-conditioned media (CdM) on (i) lung architecture/function in animal models mimicking human lung disease, and (ii) performed a head-to-head comparison of CdM to MSCs. Methods Adhering to the animal Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory animal Experimentation protocol, we conducted a search of English articles in five medical databases. Two independent investigators collected information regarding lung: alveolarization, vasculogenesis, permeability, histologic injury, compliance, and measures of right ventricular hypertrophy and right pulmonary pressure. Meta-analysis was performed to generate random effect size using standardized mean difference with 95% confidence interval. Results A total of 29 studies met inclusion. Lung diseases included bronchopulmonary dysplasia, asthma, pulmonary hypertension, acute respiratory distress syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pulmonary fibrosis. CdM improved all measures of lung structure and function. Moreover, no statistical difference was observed in any of the lung measures between MSCs and CdM. Conclusions In this meta-analysis of animal models recapitulating human lung disease, CdM improved lung structure and function and had an effect size comparable to MSCs.

Legionella pneumophila induced microRNA expression in human lung epithelial cells

Pneumologie ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (S 03) ◽  
Author(s):  
B Schmeck ◽  
B Dolniak ◽  
I Pollock ◽  
C Schulz ◽  
W Bertrams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Human Lung ◽  
Microrna Expression ◽  
Lung Epithelial Cells ◽  
Lung Epithelial ◽  
Human Lung Epithelial Cells

The human lung lipidome mirrors histopathological phenotypes of lung tissues

Pneumologie ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (07) ◽  
Author(s):  
LF Eggers ◽  
J Müller ◽  
V Scholz ◽  
T Goldmann ◽  
D Schwudke
Keyword(s):  
Human Lung
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