In vitro magnetic resonance microimaging of the spinal cord

1990 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Lemaire ◽  
E. G. Duncan ◽  
M. D. Solsberg ◽  
R. L. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Microimaging

Nuclear magnetic resonance microimaging of mouse spinal cord in vivo

2004 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 474-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Marie Bonny ◽  
Manuel Gaviria ◽  
Jean-Pierre Donnat ◽  
Beatrix Jean ◽  
Alain Privat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Mouse Spinal Cord ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Microimaging ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Microimaging ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic

scholarly journals Magnetic resonance microimaging of intraaxonal water diffusion in live excised lamprey spinal cord

2002 ◽  
Vol 99 (25) ◽  
pp. 16192-16196 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Takahashi ◽  
D. B. Hackney ◽  
G. Zhang ◽  
S. L. Wehrli ◽  
A. C. Wright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Water Diffusion ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Microimaging

In vitro high-field magnetic resonance imaging—documented anatomy of a fetal myelomeningocele at 20 weeks' gestation. A contribution to the rationale of intrauterine surgical repair of spina bifida

2003 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emile A. M. Beuls ◽  
Linda Vanormelingen ◽  
Jasper van Aalst ◽  
Marjan Vandersteen ◽  
Peter Adriaensens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Spina Bifida ◽  
Mr Imaging ◽  
High Field ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gestation Age ◽  
High Field Mr ◽  
Fine Print

Object. It remains uncertain if closure of a myelomeningocele at midgestation changes the neurological condition at birth in an infant born with spina bifida. The authors conducted a study to provide a detailed analysis of the morphology of the spinal cord with the myelomeningocele at the time fetal surgery usually is performed. Methods. The myelomeningocele of a 20-week-gestation-age fetus was examined, and data were compared with those obtained in a neurologically intact specimen of the same age. In vitro high-field 9.4-tesla magnetic resonance (MR) microscopy was used to examine the fetal material. High-field MR spectroscopy provided images in the three orthogonal planes with a resolution comparable with low-power optical microscopy. The authors observed that the fetal cord of the myelomeningocele specimen was tapered and tethered at S3–4 while the conus medullaris in the normal fetus reaches L-4. No neurulation defects were noted. The axial MR images clearly revealed the nonfusion of the mesodermal structures. The absence of neurulation defects suggests that at least in some cases of spina bifida the spinal cord initially is well developed but is damaged later on chemically and mechanically. This might be an argument in favor of intrauterine myelomeningocele repair. By 20 weeks' gestation, however, the deformation of the cord inside the myelomeningocele is severe. An optimization of the preoperative assessment by means of MR imaging therefore might be considered a valuable contribution to intrauterine surgery. The in vitro high-field MR microscopic findings of this study could be used as references for clinical intrauterine MR imaging. Conclusions. The detailed in vitro high-field MR analysis of a 20-week-gestation-age fetus with spina bifida demonstrated that an improvement of the preoperative intrauterine imaging should be pursued to detect those cases without neurulation defects and with minimal deformation of the spinal cord.

scholarly journals Use of Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Bone Marrow for the Treatment of Naturally Injured Spinal Cord in Dogs

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Euler Moraes Penha ◽  
Cássio Santana Meira ◽  
Elisalva Teixeira Guimarães ◽  
Marcus Vinícius Pinheiro Mendonça ◽  
Faye Alice Gravely ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Autologous Bone Marrow ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Cord Injury

The use of stem cells in injury repair has been extensively investigated. Here, we examined the therapeutic effects of autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) transplantation in four dogs with natural traumatic spinal cord injuries. MSC were culturedin vitro, and proliferation rate and cell viability were evaluated. Cell suspensions were prepared and surgically administered into the spinal cord. The animals were clinically evaluated and examined by nuclear magnetic resonance. Ten days after the surgical procedure and MSC transplantation, we observed a progressive recovery of the panniculus reflex and diminished superficial and deep pain response, although there were still low proprioceptive reflexes in addition to a hyperreflex in the ataxic hind limb movement responses. Each dog demonstrated an improvement in these gains over time. Conscious reflex recovery occurred simultaneously with moderate improvement in intestine and urinary bladder functions in two of the four dogs. By the 18th month of clinical monitoring, we observed a remarkable clinical amelioration accompanied by improved movement, in three of the four dogs. However, no clinical gain was associated with alterations in magnetic resonance imaging. Our results indicate that MSC are potential candidates for the stem cell therapy following spinal cord injury.

scholarly journals Imaging of Inflammation in Spinal Cord Injury: Novel Insights on the Usage of PFC-Based Contrast Agents

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 379
Author(s):  
Francesca Garello ◽  
Marina Boido ◽  
Martina Miglietti ◽  
Valeria Bitonto ◽  
Marco Zenzola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Cell Tracking ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
The Impact

Labeling of macrophages with perfluorocarbon(PFC)-based compounds allows the visualization of inflammatory processes by 19F-magnetic resonance imaging (19F-MRI), due to the absence of endogenous background. Even if PFC-labeling of monocytes/macrophages has been largely investigated and used, information is lacking about the impact of these agents over the polarization towards one of their cell subsets and on the best way to image them. In the present work, a PFC-based nanoemulsion was developed to monitor the course of inflammation in a model of spinal cord injury (SCI), a pathology in which the understanding of immunological events is of utmost importance to select the optimal therapeutic strategies. The effects of PFC over macrophage polarization were studied in vitro, on cultured macrophages, and in vivo, in a mouse SCI model, by testing and comparing various cell tracking protocols, including single and multiple administrations, the use of MRI or Point Resolved Spectroscopy (PRESS), and application of pre-saturation of Kupffer cells. The blood half-life of nanoemulsion was also investigated by 19F Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS). In vitro and in vivo results indicate the occurrence of a switch towards the M2 (anti-inflammatory) phenotype, suggesting a possible theranostic function of these nanoparticles. The comparative work presented here allows the reader to select the most appropriate protocol according to the research objectives (quantitative data acquisition, visual monitoring of macrophage recruitment, theranostic purpose, rapid MRI acquisition, etc.). Finally, the method developed here to determine the blood half-life of the PFC nanoemulsion can be extended to other fluorinated compounds.

Dependence of Blood Clot Lysis on the Mode of Transport of Urokinase into the Clot - A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study in Vitro

1991 ◽  
Vol 65 (05) ◽  
pp. 549-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Blinc ◽  
G Planinšič ◽  
D Keber ◽  
O Jarh ◽  
G Lahajnar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Pressure Difference ◽  
Volume Flow Rate ◽  
Blood Clot ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Resonance Imaging

SummaryMagnetic resonance imaging was employed to study the dependence of clot lysing patterns on two different modes of transport of urokinase into whole blood clots. In one group of clots (nonperfused clots, n1 = 10), access of urokinase to the fibrin network was possible by diffusion only, whereas in the other group (perfused clots, n2 = 10) bulk flow of plasma containing urokinase was instituted through occlusive clots by a pressure difference of 3 .7 kPa (37 cm H2O) across 3 cm long clots with a diameter of 4 mm. It was determined separately that this pressure difference resulted in a volume flow rate of 5.05 ± 2.4 × 10−2 ml/min through occlusive clots. Perfused clots diminished in size significantly in comparison to nonperfused ones already after 20 min (p <0.005). Linear regression analysis of two-dimensional clot sizes measured by MRI showed that the rate of lysis was more than 50-times faster in the perfused group in comparison to the nonperfused group. It was concluded that penetration of the thrombolytic agent into clots by perfusion is much more effective than by diffusion. Our results might have some implications for understanding the differences in lysis of arterial and venous thrombi.

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