Federal family and disability policy: Special relevance for developmental disabilities

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Rutherford Turnbull ◽  
Matthew J. Stowe ◽  
John Agosta ◽  
Ann P. Turnbull ◽  
M. Suzanne Schrandt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Disability Policy ◽  
Special Relevance

Introduction to the Special Issue on Disability Policy in a Time of Change

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 215-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Schalock
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Disability Policy ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Successful Development ◽  
Effective Strategies

Abstract The enormous effects of public policy—both for good and for ill—in the lives of people with intellectual disability and related developmental disabilities demand the development of stronger tools for policy analysis, and more effective strategies for policy implementation and evaluation. The purpose of this special issue is to help readers understand the complexities of disability policy and the factors that influence its successful development, implementation, and evaluation; and to encourage readers to expand their thinking and actions regarding the role they play in disability policy in a time of change.

DISABILITY POLICY: ARE WE MAKING PROGRESS?

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-276
Author(s):  
Shelley Burtt
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Disability Policy ◽  
Intentional Communities ◽  
Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Intentional Community ◽  
Human Flourishing ◽  
Individual Liberty ◽  
Agricultural Communities ◽  
Final Rule ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract:This essay criticizes recent trends in disability policy as restrictive of individual liberty and informed by too narrow a definition of what constitutes human flourishing. I defend the value of intentional community settings as one legitimate residential option for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Recent federal regulations (HCBS Final Rule) define intentional communities or disability-specific housing as presumptively institutional in nature, misunderstanding the positive, noninstitutional features of intentional, integrated communities created by and for people with developmental disabilities. In addition, current disability policy, despite its stated concern for the autonomy of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities, limits individual liberty by strictly defining the types of settings eligible for Medicaid waiver funding, expressly excluding agricultural communities, disability-specific residential settings, and intentional communities. A robust commitment to the autonomy of people receiving Medicaid waiver services would allow them to choose to direct their program dollars, recognizing that some individuals may choose a life in intentional community or with others facing similar challenges to themselves over an illusory “integration” into a wider society that remains too often unwelcoming and difficult to navigate.

Maximum Output Intensity of the Audiokinetron

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine M. Rankovic ◽  
William M. Rabinowitz ◽  
Gregory L. Lof
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Output Intensity ◽  
Safety Studies ◽  
Auditory Integration Training ◽  
Auditory Integration

The Audiokinetron is a device that processes music for earphone presentation to patients undergoing auditory integration training, a treatment for individuals with autism and other developmental disabilities. Intensity levels produced by the Audiokinetron were measured under realistic listening conditions with a KEMAR manikin substituted for a patient. Average levels at the eardrum were 110 dB SPL when the device was adjusted to the highest setting employed by a local, trained AIT practitioner and 118 dB SPL at the maximum setting of the device. These levels are potentially harmful to hearing and warrant further safety studies of AIT instruments and protocols.

Using Video Modeling Intervention and Speech Generating Devices To Teach Requesting Behaviors to Persons With Autism

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 109-113
Author(s):  
Karen Copple ◽  
Rajinder Koul ◽  
Devender Banda ◽  
Ellen Frye
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
Observational Learning ◽  
Video Modeling ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Design Studies ◽  
Communicative Behaviors ◽  
Speech Generating Device ◽  
Treatment Package

Abstract One of the instructional techniques reported in the literature to teach communication skills to persons with autism is video modeling (VM). VM is a form of observational learning that involves watching and imitating the desired target behavior(s) exhibited by the person on the videotape. VM has been used to teach a variety of social and communicative behaviors to persons with developmental disabilities such as autism. In this paper, we describe the VM technique and summarize the results of two single-subject experimental design studies that investigated the acquisition of spontaneous requesting skills using a speech generating device (SGD) by persons with autism following a VM intervention. The results of these two studies indicate that a VM treatment package that includes a SGD as one of its components can be effective in facilitating communication in individuals with autism who have little or no functional speech.

Examining the Role of Language in Play Among Children With and Without Developmental Disabilities

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 795-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth J. Short ◽  
Rachael Cooper Schindler ◽  
Rita Obeid ◽  
Maia M. Noeder ◽  
Laura E. Hlavaty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Free Play ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Play Skills ◽  
Critical Aspect ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Better Than

Purpose Play is a critical aspect of children's development, and researchers have long argued that symbolic deficits in play may be diagnostic of developmental disabilities. This study examined whether deficits in play emerge as a function of developmental disabilities and whether our perceptions of play are colored by differences in language and behavioral presentations. Method Ninety-three children participated in this study (typically developing [TD]; n = 23, developmental language disorders [DLD]; n = 24, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD]; n = 26, and autism spectrum disorder [ASD]; n = 20). Children were videotaped engaging in free-play. Children's symbolic play (imagination, organization, elaboration, and comfort) was scored under conditions of both audible language and no audible language to assess diagnostic group differences in play and whether audible language impacted raters' perception of play. Results Significant differences in play were evident across diagnostic groups. The presence of language did not alter play ratings for the TD group, but differences were found among the other diagnostic groups. When language was audible, children with DLD and ASD (but not ADHD) were scored poorly on play compared to their TD peers. When language was not audible, children with DLD were perceived to play better than when language was audible. Conversely, children with ADHD showed organizational deficits when language was not available to support their play. Finally, children with ASD demonstrated poor play performance regardless of whether language was audible or not. Conclusions Language affects our understanding of play skills in some young children. Parents, researchers, and clinicians must be careful not to underestimate or overestimate play based on language presentation. Differential skills in language have the potential to unduly influence our perceptions of play for children with developmental disabilities.

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