scholarly journals Sperm flagellar Ca2+ signaling domains

2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-275
Author(s):  
Jean-Ju Chung
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Domains

scholarly journals CD22 ligand-binding and signaling domains reciprocally regulate B-cell Ca2+ signaling

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (30) ◽  
pp. 12402-12407 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Muller ◽  
I. Obermeier ◽  
M. Wohner ◽  
C. Brandl ◽  
S. Mrotzek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ligand Binding ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Signaling Domains

scholarly journals Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells with Dissociated Signaling Domains Exhibit Focused Antitumor Activity with Reduced Potential for Toxicity In Vivo

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evripidis Lanitis ◽  
Mathilde Poussin ◽  
Alex W. Klattenhoff ◽  
Degang Song ◽  
Raphael Sandaltzopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Antitumor Activity ◽  
Chimeric Antigen Receptor ◽  
Antigen Receptor ◽  
Signaling Domains

scholarly journals Polarized Proteins in Endothelium and Their Contribution to Function

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Abigail G. Wolpe ◽  
Claire A. Ruddiman ◽  
Phillip J. Hall ◽  
Brant E. Isakson
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Planar Cell Polarity ◽  
Protein Localization ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Resistance Arteries ◽  
Extracellular Stimuli ◽  
Small Resistance ◽  
Signaling Domains

Protein localization in endothelial cells is tightly regulated to create distinct signaling domains within their tight spatial restrictions including luminal membranes, abluminal membranes, and interendothelial junctions, as well as caveolae and calcium signaling domains. Protein localization in endothelial cells is also determined in part by the vascular bed, with differences between arteries and veins and between large and small arteries. Specific protein polarity and localization is essential for endothelial cells in responding to various extracellular stimuli. In this review, we examine protein localization in the endothelium of resistance arteries, with occasional references to other vessels for contrast, and how that polarization contributes to endothelial function and ultimately whole organism physiology. We highlight the protein localization on the luminal surface, discussing important physiological receptors and the glycocalyx. The protein polarization to the abluminal membrane is especially unique in small resistance arteries with the presence of the myoendothelial junction, a signaling microdomain that regulates vasodilation, feedback to smooth muscle cells, and ultimately total peripheral resistance. We also discuss the interendothelial junction, where tight junctions, adherens junctions, and gap junctions all convene and regulate endothelial function. Finally, we address planar cell polarity, or axial polarity, and how this is regulated by mechanosensory signals like blood flow.

scholarly journals Gpr125 identifies myoepithelial progenitors at tips of lacrimal ducts and is essential for tear film

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Spina ◽  
Rebecca Handlin ◽  
Julia Simundza ◽  
Angela Incassati ◽  
Muneeb Faiq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Lineage Tracing ◽  
Dry Eye Syndrome ◽  
Planar Polarity ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltration ◽  
Discrete Population ◽  
Signaling Domains ◽  
G Protein Coupled

AbstractGpr125, encoded by Adgra3, is an orphan adhesion G-protein coupled receptor (aGPCR) implicated in modulating Wnt signaling and planar polarity. Here we establish both physiological and pathological roles for Gpr125. We show that mice lacking Gpr125 or its signaling domains display an ocular phenotype with many hallmarks of human dry eye syndrome. These include squinting, abnormal lacrimation, mucus accumulation, swollen eyelids and inflammatory infiltration of lacrimal and meibomian glands. Utilizing a Gpr125-β-gal reporter and scRNAseq, we identify Gpr125 expression in a discrete population of cells located at the tips of migrating embryonic lacrimal ducts. By lineage tracing we show these cells function as progenitors of the adult lacrimal myoepithelium. Beyond defining an essential role for Gpr125 in tear film and identifying its utility as a marker of lacrimal progenitors, this study implicates Gpr125 in the etiology of blepharitis and dry eye syndrome, and defines novel animal models of these common maladies.

scholarly journals Tight nanoscale clustering of Fcγ-receptors using DNA origami promotes phagocytosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadja Kern ◽  
Rui Dong ◽  
Shawn M. Douglas ◽  
Ronald D. Vale ◽  
Meghan A. Morrissey
Keyword(s):  
Dna Origami ◽  
Receptor Complex ◽  
Fcγ Receptor ◽  
Fcγ Receptors ◽  
Receptor Phosphorylation ◽  
Initiation Process ◽  
Multiple Receptors ◽  
Ligand Clustering ◽  
Signaling Domains

AbstractMacrophages destroy pathogens and diseased cells through Fcγ receptor (FcγR)-driven phagocytosis of antibody-opsonized targets. Phagocytosis requires activation of multiple FcγRs, but the mechanism controlling the threshold for response is unclear. We developed a DNA origami-based engulfment system that allows precise nanoscale control of the number and spacing of ligands. When the number of ligands remains constant, reducing ligand spacing from 17.5 nm to 7 nm potently enhances engulfment, primarily by increasing efficiency of the engulfment-initiation process. Tighter ligand clustering increases receptor phosphorylation, as well as proximal downstream signals. Increasing the number of signaling domains recruited to a single ligand-receptor complex was not sufficient to recapitulate this effect, indicating that clustering of multiple receptors is required. Our results suggest that macrophages use information about local ligand densities to make critical engulfment decisions, which has implications for the mechanism of antibody-mediated phagocytosis and the design of immunotherapies.

scholarly journals CRISPR-Targeted CAR Gene Insertion Using Cas9/RNP and AAV6 Enhances Anti-AML Activity of Primary NK Cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meisam Naeimi Kararoudi ◽  
Shibi Likhite ◽  
Ezgi Elmas ◽  
Kenta Yamamoto ◽  
Maura Schwartz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nk Cells ◽  
Efficient Method ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Transduction Efficiency ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Activation Markers ◽  
Adeno Associated Virus ◽  
Gene Insertion ◽  
Signaling Domains

Human peripheral blood natural killer (NK) cells have intense antitumor activity and have been used successfully in several clinical trials. Modifying NK cells with a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) can improve their targeting and increase specificity. Recently, we described an efficient method for gene targeting in NK cells using Cas9/ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes. Here we combined this approach with single stranded (ss) or self-complementary (sc) Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene delivery for gene insertion into a safe-harbor locus using a wide variety of homology arms for homology repair (HR) and non-homologous directed CRISPR-assisted insertion tagging (CRISPaint) approaches. For proof-of-concept, we generated mCherry-expressing primary NK cells and determined that sc vectors with 300bp homology 30 arms had optimal transduction efficiency. Then, we generated CD33-targeting CAR NK cells with differing transmembrane and signaling domains (CD4/4-1BB+CD3ζ and NKG2D/2B4+CD3ζ) and expanded them on CSTX002 feeder cells. Expansion kinetics were unaltered and the expanded NK cells maintained high CAR expression (mean 68% CAR+). The CD33-CAR-NK cells showed increased activation markers and enhanced antileukemic activity with improved killing kinetics against CD33-positive acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines and primary samples. Using targeted sequencing we demonstrated the accuracy of CAR gene insertion in human primary NK cells genome. Site-directed insertion using RNP and scAAV6 is an efficient method for stable genetic transfer into primary NK cells that has broad potential for fundamental discovery and therapeutic applications.

Structural and Organizational Studies of Soluble Tar-Chewchea Complexes by Electron Microscopy and Image Analysis

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1032-1033
Author(s):  
Noreen R. Francis ◽  
Tanvir R. Shaikh ◽  
Mikhail N. Levit ◽  
Linda A. Melanson ◽  
Jeffrey B. Stock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Leucine Zipper ◽  
Response Regulator ◽  
Organizational Studies ◽  
Flagellar Motor ◽  
Adapter Protein ◽  
General Picture ◽  
Signaling Domain ◽  
Transmembrane Sequence ◽  
Signaling Domains

The transmembrane receptor for aspartate, Tar, in Escherichia coliand Salmonellais representative of a large class of receptors that generates chemotaxis responses by regulating the activity of an associated histidine kinase, CheA. Tar is composed of an Nterminal extracellular ligand-binding domain linked through a transmembrane sequence to a C-terminal signaling domain in the cytoplasm. The isolated cytoplasmic domain of Tar fused to a leucine zipper sequence forms soluble ternary complexes with CheA and an adapter protein, CheW. The isolated complex is biochemically active, has a molecular weight of 1,400,000 Daltons, and includes approximately 28 receptor signaling domains for 2 CheA dimers.Electron microscopy of the complexes indicates well-defined bundles, presumably composed of numerous receptor filaments surrounding a core of CheA dimers and CheW. CheA also interacts with CheY, the response regulator of the bacterial flagellar motor. Immunoelectron microscopy has provided a general picture of the domain organization of the complexes.

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