Transport in technicolor: The sea urchin embryo as an epithelial transport model system

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (10) ◽  
pp. 883-883
Author(s):  
Tufan Gokirmak ◽  
Amro Hamdoun
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Epithelial Transport ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Model System ◽  
Sea Urchin Embryo

Archenteron precursor cells can organize secondary axial structures in the sea urchin embryo

Development ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 124 (18) ◽  
pp. 3461-3470 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Benink ◽  
G. Wray ◽  
J. Hardin
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Model System ◽  
Mirror Image ◽  
Precursor Cells ◽  
Skeletal Patterning ◽  
Sea Urchin Embryo ◽  
Early Embryos ◽  
Cell Embryo ◽  
Local Cell

Local cell-cell signals play a crucial role in establishing major tissue territories in early embryos. The sea urchin embryo is a useful model system for studying these interactions in deuterostomes. Previous studies showed that ectopically implanted micromeres from the 16-cell embryo can induce ectopic guts and additional skeletal elements in sea urchin embryos. Using a chimeric embryo approach, we show that implanted archenteron precursors differentiate autonomously to produce a correctly proportioned and patterned gut. In addition, the ectopically implanted presumptive archenteron tissue induces ectopic skeletal patterning sites within the ectoderm. The ectopic skeletal elements are bilaterally symmetric, and flank the ectopic archenteron, in some cases resulting in mirror-image, symmetric skeletal elements. Since the induced patterned ectoderm and supernumerary skeletal elements are derived from the host, the ectopic presumptive archenteron tissue can act to ‘organize’ ectopic axial structures in the sea urchin embryo.

Terminal alpha-d-mannosides are critical during sea urchin gastrulation

Zygote ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 775-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heghush Aleksanyan ◽  
Jing Liang ◽  
Stan Metzenberg ◽  
Steven B. Oppenheimer
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Model System ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Enzyme Treatment ◽  
Lytechinus Pictus ◽  
Sea Urchin Embryo ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
High Mannose ◽  
Terminal Mannose

SummaryThe sea urchin embryo is a United States National Institutes of Health (NIH) designated model system to study mechanisms that may be involved in human health and disease. In order to examine the importance of high-mannose glycans and polysaccharides in gastrulation, Lytechinus pictus embryos were incubated with Jack bean α-mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.24), an enzyme that cleaves terminal mannose residues that have α1–2-, α1–3-, or α1–6-glycosidic linkages. The enzyme treatment caused a variety of morphological deformations in living embryos, even with α-mannosidase activities as low as 0.06 U/ml. Additionally, formaldehyde-fixed, 48-hour-old L. pictus embryos were microdissected and it was demonstrated that the adhesion of the tip of the archenteron to the roof of the blastocoel in vitro is abrogated by treatment with α-mannosidase. These results suggest that terminal mannose residues are involved in the adhesion between the archenteron and blastocoel roof, perhaps through a lectin-like activity that is not sensitive to fixation.

scholarly journals Functional Gap Junctions in the Early Sea Urchin Embryo Are Localized to the Vegetal Pole

1999 ◽  
Vol 212 (2) ◽  
pp. 503-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikuko Yazaki ◽  
Brian Dale ◽  
Elisabetta Tosti
Keyword(s):  
Gap Junctions ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Sea Urchin Embryo ◽  
Vegetal Pole
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