Equilibrium vitrification of mouse embryos at various developmental stages

2012 ◽  
Vol 79 (11) ◽  
pp. 785-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Jin ◽  
Keiji Mochida ◽  
Atsuo Ogura ◽  
Chihiro Koshimoto ◽  
Kazutsugu Matsukawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Mouse Embryos

The histogenetic capacity of tissues in the caudal end of the embryonic axis of the mouse

Development ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 253-266
Author(s):  
P. P. L. Tam
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Primitive Streak ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Embryonic Axis ◽  
Tail Bud ◽  
Germ Layers ◽  
Kidney Capsule ◽  
Caudal Region ◽  
Caudal Portion ◽  
Adult Body

The caudal end of the embryonic axis consists of the primitive streak and the tail bud. Small fragments of this caudal tissue were transplanted from mouse embryos of various developmental stages to the kidney capsule in order to test their histogenetic capacity. The variety of mature tissues obtained from these small fragments was similar to that obtained by grafting a larger caudal portion of the embryo. Initially, the grafted tissue broke up into loose masses of embryonic mesenchyme and this was later re-organized into more compact tissues and into cysts that were lined with various types of epithelia. After 14 days in the ectopic site, grafted tissues coming from embryos of the primitive-streak, the early-somite and the forelimb-bud stages differentiated into structures that has presumably originated from the three embryonic germ layers. Many of these structures were related to the caudal region of the adult body, such as the mid- and hindgut segments and urogenital derivatives. The histogenetic capacity for endodermal tissues and urogenital organs was lost when the grafted tissue consisted entirely of the tail bud of the hindlimb-bud-stage embryos. The behaviour of the caudal tissues suggested that (1) the primordia for the various parts of embryonic body were derived from a small progenitor population in the primitive streak and the tail bud, and (2) the histogenetic capacity of this population changed during development.

scholarly journals PML Regulates the Epidermal Differentiation Complex and Skin Morphogenesis during Mouse Embryogenesis

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1130
Author(s):  
Anna Połeć ◽  
Alexander D. Rowe ◽  
Pernille Blicher ◽  
Rajikala Suganthan ◽  
Magnar Bjørås ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Wild Type Mouse ◽  
Global Gene Expression ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Epidermal Differentiation ◽  
Envelope Gene ◽  
Epidermal Differentiation Complex

The promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein is an essential component of nuclear compartments called PML bodies. This protein participates in several cellular processes, including growth control, senescence, apoptosis, and differentiation. Previous studies have suggested that PML regulates gene expression at a subset of loci through a function in chromatin remodeling. Here we have studied global gene expression patterns in mouse embryonic skin derived from Pml depleted and wild type mouse embryos. Differential gene expression analysis at different developmental stages revealed a key role of PML in regulating genes involved in epidermal stratification. In particular, we observed dysregulation of the late cornified envelope gene cluster, which is a sub-region of the epidermal differentiation complex. In agreement with these data, PML body numbers are elevated in basal keratinocytes during embryogenesis, and we observed reduced epidermal thickness and defective hair follicle development in PML depleted mouse embryos.

scholarly journals Serotonin in pre-implantation mouse embryos is localized to the mitochondria and can modulate mitochondrial potential

Reproduction ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 135 (5) ◽  
pp. 657-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basudha Basu ◽  
Radha Desai ◽  
J Balaji ◽  
Raghothama Chaerkady ◽  
V Sriram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Serotonin Transporter ◽  
Tryptophan Hydroxylase ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Mitochondrial Potential ◽  
Early Embryos

Serotonin is reported to be present in early embryos of many species and plays an important role in early patterning. Since it is a fluorophore, it can be directly visualized using fluorescence microscopy. Here, we use three-photon microscopy to image serotonin in live pre-implantation mouse embryos. We find that it is present as puncta averaging 1.3 square microns and in concentrations as high as 442 mM. The observed serotonin puncta were found to co-localize with mitochondria. Live embryos pre-incubated with serotonin showed a higher mitochondrial potential, indicating that it can modulate mitochondrial potential. Pre-implantation mouse embryos were also examined at various developmental stages for the presence of transcripts of the peripheral and neuronal forms of tryptophan hydroxylase (Tph1andTph2respectively) and the classical serotonin transporter (Slc6a4). Transcripts ofTph2were seen in oocytes and in two-cell stages, whereas transcripts ofTph1were not detected at any stage. Transcripts of the transporter,Slc6a4, were present in all pre-implantation stages investigated. These results suggest that serotonin in embryos can arise from a combination of synthesis and uptake from the surrounding milieu.

Effects of Irradiation and Methyl-Triazene on Craniofacial Development in Mouse Embryos: A Semiautomated Morphometric Analysis

1998 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 342-350
Author(s):  
R. Glineur ◽  
S. Van Sint Jan ◽  
S. Louryan ◽  
C. Philippson ◽  
V. De Maertelaer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Nmri Mouse ◽  
Additional Group ◽  
Developmental Progression ◽  
The Face ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Digitized Pictures ◽  
Growth Changes

Objective The purpose of the present study was a 2D-semiautomated morphometric analysis of craniofacial growth in nuclear magnetic resonance imaged (NMRI) mouse embryos. Methods The NMRI mouse embryos were exposed in utero to either a single dose of 2 Gy X-irradiation on day 9 of gestation (113 embryos) or to 1.5 mg methyl-triazene administered orally to their pregnant mothers on gestational day 10.5 (124 embryos). An additional group of 108 embryos was used as controls. Digitized pictures of embryos from gestational days 14 to 17 were taken in lateral right view using a video system. Landmarks were located and digitized for computerized analysis of growth changes in relation to developmental stages of the face. Results The results revealed that the snout of control embryos lengthens during the developmental period considered. The snout of embryos previously submitted to methyl-triazene displayed micrognathia, and all treated fetuses exhibited macroscopic signs of microcephaly with a reduced mandible. The snouts of irradiated embryos appeared shortened at the 14-day stage and continued to shorten as development proceeded. A shortening of the midface was detected macroscopically in 83% of the cases. Conclusion The results of this morphometric analysis enabled us to trace the developmental progression of the induced dysmorphosis and to assess the differences compared with normal development.

Open-pulled straw (OPS) vitrification of in vitro fertilised mouse embryos at various stages

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-Liang Yan ◽  
Qi-En Yang ◽  
Guang-Bin Zhou ◽  
Yun-Peng Hou ◽  
Xue-Ming Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Blastocyst Stage ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Fresh Embryos

The present study was designed to investigate the cryotolerance of in vitro fertilised (IVF) mouse embryos at various preimplantation developmental stages. IVF mouse embryos were vitrified by the open-pulled straw (OPS) method. After warming, embryos were morphologically evaluated and assessed by their development to blastocysts, hatched blastocysts or term. The results showed that a high proportion (93.3–100.0%) of vitrified embryos at all developmental stages were morphologically normal after recovery. The developmental rate of vitrified 1-cell embryos to blastocyst (40.0%) or hatched blastocyst (32.7%) or term (9.3%) was significantly lower than that from other stages (P < 0.05). Vitrified embryos from 2-cell to early blastocyst stage showed similar blastocyst (71.8–89.5%) and hatched blastocyst rates (61.1–69.6%) and could develop to term without a significant loss of survival compared with those of fresh embryos (P > 0.05). Vitrified 2-cell embryos showed the highest survival rate in vivo (50.6%, 88/174), compared with that from other stages (9.3–30.5%, P < 0.05). The data demonstrate that the OPS method is suitable for the cryopreservation of IVF mouse embryos from 2-cell stage to early blastocyst stage without a significant loss of survival. Embryos at the 2-cell stage had the best tolerance for cryopreservation in the present study.

scholarly journals Delayed and stage specific phosphorylation of H2AX during preimplantation development of γ-irradiated mouse embryos

Reproduction ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satish Kumar Adiga ◽  
Megumi Toyoshima ◽  
Tsutomu Shimura ◽  
Jun Takeda ◽  
Norio Uematsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Preimplantation Embryos ◽  
Γ Irradiation ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Focus Formation ◽  
Damage Site ◽  
Stage Of Development

Within minutes of the induction of DNA double-strand breaks in somatic cells, histone H2AX becomes phosphorylated in the serine 139 residue at the damage site. The phosphorylated H2AX, designated as γ-H2AX, is visible as nuclear foci in the irradiated cells which are thought to serve as a platform for the assembly of proteins involved in checkpoint response and DNA repair. It is known that early stage mammalian embryos are highly sensitive to radiation but the mechanism of radiosensitivity is not well understood. Thus, we investigated the damage response of the preimplantation stage development by analyzing focus formation of γ-H2AX in mouse embryos γ-irradiated in utero. Our analysis revealed that although H2AX is present in early preimplantation embryos, its phosphorylation after 3 Gy γ-irradiation is hindered up to the two cell stage of development. When left in utero for another 24–64 h, however, these irradiated embryos showed delayed phosphorylation of H2AX. In contrast, phosphorylation of H2AX was readily induced by radiation in post-compaction stage embryos. It is possible that phosphorylation of H2AX is inefficient in early stage embryos. It is also possible that the phosphorylated H2AX exists in the dispersed chromatin structure of early stage embryonic pronuclei, so that it cannot readily be detected by conventional immunostaining method. In either case, this phenomenon is likely to correlate with the lack of cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and high radiosensitivity of these developmental stages.

scholarly journals Detection of T-Cadherin Expression in Mouse Embryos

Acta Naturae ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
К. А. Rubina ◽  
V. А. Smutova ◽  
М. L. Semenova ◽  
А. А. Poliakov ◽  
S. Gerety ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Mouse Embryo ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Immunofluorescent Staining ◽  
Early Developmental Stages ◽  
Early Developmental

The aim of the present study was to evaluate T-cadherin expression at the early developmental stages of the mouse embryo. Using in situ hybridization and immunofluorescent staining of whole embryos in combination with confocal microscopy, we found that T-cadherin expression is detected in the developing brain, starting with the E8.75 stage, and in the heart, starting with the E11.5 stage. These data suggest a possible involvement of T-cadherin in the formation of blood vessels during embryogenesis.

ATP metabolism in cleavage-staged mouse embryos

Development ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-282
Author(s):  
L. Ginsberg ◽  
N. Hillman
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Atp Synthesis ◽  
Blastocyst Stage ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Atp Turnover ◽  
Atp Metabolism ◽  
Cyanide Inhibition

Total ATP, ATP/ADP ratios, the rates of synthesis and turnover of ATP, and the level of cyanide inhibition of ATP synthesis were determined for 2-cell, 4-cell, 8-cell, late-morula and late-blastocyst mouse embryos. The results show that from the 2-cell stage to the late-blastocyst stage there are progressive decreases in total ATP and in the ATP/ADP ratios. These are accompanied by increases in the rates of ATP turnover as well as in the percentage of inhibition of ATP synthesis by cyanide. These data are discussed in relation to results from other metabolic studies on mouse cleavage-staged embryos and from studies describing configurational changes in the ultrastructure of mitochondria at these developmental stages. It is postulated that the mitochondrial ultrastructural changes during cleavage reflect differences in the levels of oxidative phosphorylation during specific metabolic steady states.

scholarly journals The expression of slow myosin during mammalian somitogenesis and limb bud differentiation.

1988 ◽  
Vol 107 (6) ◽  
pp. 2191-2197 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Vivarelli ◽  
W E Brown ◽  
R G Whalen ◽  
G Cossu
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Fiber Formation ◽  
Limb Bud ◽  
Slow Myosin ◽  
Fast Myosin ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cells Cultured

The developmental pattern of slow myosin expression has been studied in mouse embryos from the somitic stage to the period of secondary fiber formation and in myogenic cells, cultured from the same developmental stages. The results obtained, using a combination of different polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies, indicate that slow myosin is coexpressed in virtually all the cells that express embryonic (fast) myosin in somites and limb buds in vivo as well as in culture. On the contrary fetal or late myoblasts (from 15-d-old embryos) express in culture only embryonic (fast) myosin. At this stage, muscle cells in vivo, as already shown (Crow, M.T., and F.A. Stockdale. 1986. Dev. Biol. 113:238-254; Dhoot, G.K. 1986. Muscle & Nerve. 9:155-164; Draeger, A., A.G. Weeds, and R.B. Fitzsimons. 1987. J. Neurol. Sci. 81:19-43; Miller, J.B., and F.A. Stockdale. 1986. J. Cell Biol. 103:2197-2208), consist of primary myotubes, which express both myosins, and secondary myotubes, which express preferentially embryonic (fast) myosin. Under no circumstance neonatal or adult fast myosins were detected. Western blot analysis confirmed the immunocytochemical data. These results suggest that embryonic myoblasts in mammals are all committed to the mixed embryonic-(fast) slow lineage and, accordingly, all primary fibers express both myosins, whereas fetal myoblasts mostly belong to the embryonic (fast) lineage and likely generate fibers containing only embryonic (fast) myosin. The relationship with current models of avian myogenesis are discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document