scholarly journals Transgenic over-expression of growth differentiation factor 11 propeptide in skeleton results in transformation of the seventh cervical vertebra into a thoracic vertebra

2010 ◽  
Vol 77 (11) ◽  
pp. 990-997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zicong Li ◽  
Miyuri Kawasumi ◽  
Baoping Zhao ◽  
Stefan Moisyadi ◽  
Jinzeng Yang
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Thoracic Vertebra ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Differentiation Factor ◽  
Seventh Cervical Vertebra

scholarly journals Functional cervicothoracic boundary modified by anatomical shifts in the neck of giraffes

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 150604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megu Gunji ◽  
Hideki Endo
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Thoracic Vertebra ◽  
Large Displacement ◽  
Thoracic Vertebrae ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Neck Movement ◽  
Similar Shape ◽  
Seventh Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Longus Colli

Here we examined the kinematic function of the morpho- logically unique first thoracic vertebra in giraffes. The first thoracic vertebra of the giraffe displayed similar shape to the seventh cervical vertebra in general ruminants. The flexion experiment using giraffe carcasses demonstrated that the first thoracic vertebra exhibited a higher dorsoventral mobility than other thoracic vertebrae. Despite the presence of costovertebral joints, restriction in the intervertebral movement imposed by ribs is minimized around the first thoracic vertebra by subtle changes of the articular system between the vertebra and ribs. The attachment area of musculus longus colli , mainly responsible for ventral flexion of the neck, is partly shifted posteriorly in the giraffe so that the force generated by muscles is exerted on the cervical vertebrae and on the first thoracic vertebra. These anatomical modifications allow the first thoracic vertebra to adopt the kinematic function of a cervical vertebra in giraffes. The novel movable articulation in the thorax functions as a fulcrum of neck movement and results in a large displacement of reachable space in the cranial end of the neck. The unique first thoracic vertebra in giraffes provides higher flexibility to the neck and may provide advantages for high browsing and/or male competition behaviours specific to giraffes.

scholarly journals Computed tomographic features of tracheal shapes and dimensions in awake dogs

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 131-136
Author(s):  
S. Lim ◽  
J. Jeong ◽  
HG Heng ◽  
S. Sung ◽  
Y. Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Thoracic Vertebra ◽  
Thoracic Inlet ◽  
Tomographic Images ◽  
Circular Shape ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Imaging Tool ◽  
Seventh Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Different Shapes

There are several reports in the veterinary literature on tracheal assessment; however, there is a lack of studies on the trachea in voluntarily breathing dogs. The aim of this study was to describe the natural shape of the trachea in awake dogs and to assess tracheal dimensions and the width-to-height ratio. Thoracic computed tomographic images of awake small breed dogs without any signs of respiratory malfunction (n = 19) were evaluated. Each trachea was categorised into one of four different shapes: circular, horseshoe, crescent or focal dorsal invagination. The circular shape was prominent, particularly in the thoracic inlet and intrathoracic area, while the horseshoe shape was also normally present. In this group of normal dogs, there were no crescent-shaped tracheas, but focally invaginated tracheas were observed. The mean tracheal heights at five locations, namely the caudal endplate of the fourth cervical vertebra, cranial endplate of the seventh cervical vertebra, mid-body of the first thoracic vertebra, mid-body of the third thoracic vertebra, and 1 cm cranial to the carina were 9.12, 8.96, 9.34, 9.88 and 10.16 mm, respectively. The widths at these same sites were 12.26, 10.42, 10.07, 9.82 and 10.23 mm, respectively. The width-to-height ratios of each tracheal location were 1.38, 1.20, 1.10, 1.01 and 1.03, the last two of which are consistent with the circular shape of the intrathoracic trachea. Multi-detector computed tomography under non-general anaesthesia is a non-invasive and unparalleled imaging tool for describing tracheal appearance in healthy awake dogs.

scholarly journals Osseous hemangioma of the seventh cervical vertebra with osteoid formation mimicking metastasis: a case report

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Lakemeier ◽  
Christina Carolin Westhoff ◽  
Susanne Fuchs-Winkelmann ◽  
Markus Dietmar Schofer
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Seventh Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Osteoid Formation

scholarly journals Effects of Gait Strategy and Speed on Regularity of Locomotion Assessed in Healthy Subjects Using a Multi-Sensor Method

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Rabuffetti ◽  
Giovanni Scalera ◽  
Maurizio Ferrarin
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Inertial Sensors ◽  
Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Autocorrelation Analysis ◽  
Human Movements ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Seventh Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Acceleration Vector ◽  
Body Location

The regularity of pseudo-periodic human movements, including locomotion, can be assessed by autocorrelation analysis of measurements using inertial sensors. Though sensors are generally placed on the trunk or pelvis, movement regularity can be assessed at any body location. Pathological factors are expected to reduce regularity either globally or on specific anatomical subparts. However, other non-pathological factors, including gait strategy (walking and running) and speed, modulate locomotion regularity, thus potentially confounding the identification of the pathological factor. The present study’s objectives were (1) to define a multi-sensor method based on the autocorrelation analysis of the acceleration module (norm of the acceleration vector) to quantify regularity; (2) to conduct an experimental study on healthy adult subjects to quantify the effect on movement regularity of gait strategy (walking and running at the same velocity), gait speed (four speeds, lower three for walking, upper two for running), and sensor location (on four different body parts). Twenty-five healthy adults participated and four triaxial accelerometers were located on the seventh cervical vertebra (C7), pelvis, wrist, and ankle. The results showed that increasing velocity was associated with increasing regularity only for walking, while no difference in regularity was observed between walking and running. Regularity was generally highest at C7 and ankle, and lowest at the wrist. These data confirm and complement previous literature on regularity assessed on the trunk, and will support future analyses on individuals or groups with specific pathologies affecting locomotor functions.

scholarly journals Calcium Phosphate Deposition Disease in Great Danes

1982 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 464-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Woodard ◽  
R. P. Shields ◽  
H. C. Aldrich ◽  
R. L. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Axial Skeleton ◽  
Calcium Pyrophosphate ◽  
Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate ◽  
Appendicular Skeleton ◽  
Canal Stenosis ◽  
Seventh Cervical Vertebra

A new clinicopathologic syndrome, possibly familial, in Great Dane dogs, resembles the familial childhood variant of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposit disease in man, except that the mineral deposits were composed of amorphous calcium phosphate or hydroxyapatite rather than pyrophosphate. The syndrome was characterized clinically by paraplegia and incoordination in very young puppies which was caused by concentric constriction of the posterior cervical spinal cord. Canal stenosis resulted from dorsal displacement of the seventh cervical vertebra and deformation of the vertebral articular processes. Mineral deposition in the diarthrodial joints of the axial skeleton could be seen on radiographs of weanling puppies, and the appendicular skeleton became involved as the dogs matured. Periarticular mineralization of the limbs was associated with shorter bones, a thin cortex, abnormal bone curvature, and increased medullary trabeculae. Bone alterations were associated with abnormalities of the growth plate, which had focal areas of cartilage calcification. Soft tissue mineralization, seen in all dogs, was a primary feature of the disease process. Serum calcium concentrations were within the normal range, but serum phosphorus concentrations were decreased.

Electrode Configuration for Auditory Brainstem Response Audiometry

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Joyce King ◽  
Yvonne S. Sininger
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Brainstem Response ◽  
Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Vertical Channel ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Electrode Placement ◽  
Electrode Arrays ◽  
Seventh Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Channel Effects ◽  
Brainstem Response ◽  
Recording Conditions

A vertical recording montage (C z to the seventh cervical vertebra or C 7 ) has been shown to yield significantly lower auditory brainstem response (ABR) threshold when compared with a horizontal or anterior-posterior montage (Sininger & Don, 1989). The present study further examines the relationship between electrode placement and the amplitude of the ABR to low-level stimuli. Four electrode arrays were compared—the commonly-used clinical configuration of forehead to ipsilateral mastoid, the vertical array from the previous study (C z to C 7 ), and two additional montages employing linked mastoids as reference to either the vertex or forehead electrode. ABRs were recorded simultaneously in four channels in response to 8000 click stimuli at 10, 20, and 30 dB SL from 9 male and 9 female adult subjects with normal hearing. The effect of electrode channel was significant at <.0001, with the vertical channel revealing the largest wave V amplitudes at all stimulus levels. Female subjects, as expected, produced larger ABR amplitudes than male subjects in all recording conditions, but electrode-channel effects were independent of gender.

Flexed Posture in Parkinson Disease: Associations With Nonmotor Impairments and Activity Limitations

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (7) ◽  
pp. 893-903
Author(s):  
Aimi L Forsyth ◽  
Riddhi Y Joshi ◽  
Colleen G Canning ◽  
Natalie E Allen ◽  
Serene S Paul
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Respiratory Function ◽  
Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Activity Limitations ◽  
Seventh Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Activity Performance ◽  
Male Sex

AbstractBackgroundPeople with Parkinson disease (PD) are twice as likely to develop flexed truncal posture as the general older population. Little is known about the mechanisms responsible beyond associations with age, axial motor impairments, and disease severity.ObjectiveThe objective was to explore: (1) the associations of the nonmotor impairments of PD with flexed posture, and (2) the relationships of flexed posture with activity limitations.DesignThis was a cross-sectional study.MethodsSeventy people with PD participated. Posture was measured in standing as the distance between the seventh cervical vertebra and a wall. Nonmotor impairments (cognition, depression, pain, fatigue, and proprioception) and activity performance (upper limb activity, bed transfers, respiratory function, and speech volume) were variously assessed using objective measures and self-report questionnaires. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to ascertain relationships between nonmotor impairments and truncal posture, and between truncal posture and activities.ResultsGreater disease severity, greater axial impairment, poorer spinal proprioception, greater postural fatigue, and male sex were significantly associated with flexed truncal posture. The multivariate model containing these factors in addition to age explained 30% of the variability in flexed truncal posture, with male sex and axial motor impairment continuing to make independent contributions. A significant association was found between greater flexed truncal posture and poorer upper limb activity performance and respiratory function.LimitationsA limitation to this study was that participants had mild-to-moderate disease severity.ConclusionsSpinal proprioception and postural fatigue were the only nonmotor impairments to make significant contributions to flexed posture. Given the negative influence of flexed posture on upper limb activity and respiratory function, interventions targeting spinal proprioception and postural awareness should be considered for people with PD who might develop flexed posture.

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