Miniature multi‐pass cell design with high path‐to‐volume ratio based on trough reflector

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunjiang Jia ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Xiaoyuan Sun ◽  
Xiaojuan Cui ◽  
Benli Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Cell Design

DEEP LEARNING FOR TOPOLOGY OPTIMIZATION OF TRIPLY PERIODIC MINIMAL SURFACE BASED GYROID-LIKE STRUCTURES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
ASHA VISWANATH ◽  
MOHAMAD MODREK ◽  
KAMRAN A. KHAN ◽  
RASHID K. ABU AL-RUB
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Topology Optimization ◽  
Objective Function ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
Cell Design ◽  
Structure Topology ◽  
Triply Periodic ◽  
Few Data

Triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS) are non-intersecting complex geometrical surfaces that can be used in unit cell design of cellular structures. TPMS possess attractive properties like large surface area to volume ratio and mathematically controlled geometry which find them applications in catalytic converters, cocontinuous composites, thermal and permeability management, to name a few. The advent of additive manufacturing eased the manufacture of these structures which were previously challenging with traditional methods of manufacturing. Design of TPMS unit-cell based materials involves topology optimization to achieve the desired physical properties depending on the specific application of the structure. Topology optimization, in turn, involves the objective function evaluations for each iteration till converging to an optimal design and this may pose a computational burden when the function evaluations are time consuming finite element or computational fluid simulations. This can be alleviated by employing machine learning based methods for the optimization process. Deep learning using convolutional neural networks (CNN) have effectively been used for prediction of optimal topologies required for desired properties thus eliminating any objective function evaluations. In this paper, we explore the use of 3D CNN models for topology optimization of a TPMS based unit cell. The Solid Isotropic Material Penalization density method in topology optimization is employed on energy based homogenized unit cell properties. The unit cell that is obtained satisfying a desired mechanical property along with their topology parameters is then learnt to build a CNN model which can then be used to predict the optimal unit cell design for any topology parameters. The class of TPMS used in this work is Gyroids. The CNN model is tested for errors in prediction using mean square error metric and dice coefficient of the 2D slices of unit cell. The results indicate that the model can predict the ground truth accurately with few data points. This showed a promising approach in the area of TPMS based unit cell design using CNN.

Contrast and Resolution in Alfresco Microscopy and Thick Specimens

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 570-571
Author(s):  
J. R. Sellar ◽  
J. M. Cowley
Keyword(s):  
Solid Material ◽  
Cell Design ◽  
Current Interest ◽  
High Voltage Electron Microscopy ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Environmental Cell ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Conventional Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Transmission Microscope

Current interest in high voltage electron microscopy, especially in the scanning mode, has prompted the development of a method for determining the contrast and resolution of images of specimens in controlled-atmosphere stages or open to the air, hydrated biological specimens being a good example. Such a method would be of use in the prediction of microscope performance and in the subsequent optimization of environmental cell design for given circumstances of accelerating voltage, cell gas pressure and constitution, and desired resolution.Fig. 1 depicts the alfresco cell of a focussed scanning transmission microscope with a layer of gas L (and possibly a thin window W) between the objective O and specimen T. Using the principle of reciprocity, it may be considered optically equivalent to a conventional transmission electron microscope, if the beams were reversed. The layer of gas or solid material after the specimen in the STEM or before the specimen in TEM has no great effect on resolution or contrast and so is ignored here.

TEM observation of iron oxide pillars in montmorillonite

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 882-883
Author(s):  
H. Mori ◽  
Y. Murata ◽  
H. Yoneyama ◽  
H. Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Aqueous Suspension ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Nano Composites ◽  
Pillared Montmorillonite ◽  
Topographic Features ◽  
Transmission Electron

Recently, a new sort of nano-composites has been prepared by incorporating such fine particles as metal oxide microcrystallites and organic polymers into the interlayer space of montmorillonite. Owing to their extremely large specific surface area, the nano-composites are finding wide application[1∼3]. However, the topographic features of the microstructures have not been elucidated as yet In the present work, the microstructures of iron oxide-pillared montmorillonite have been investigated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy.Iron oxide-pillared montmorillonite was prepared through the procedure essentially the same as that reported by Yamanaka et al. Firstly, 0.125 M aqueous solution of trinuclear acetato-hydroxo iron(III) nitrate, [Fe3(OCOCH3)7 OH.2H2O]NO3, was prepared and then the solution was mixed with an aqueous suspension of 1 wt% clay by continuously stirring at 308 K. The final volume ratio of the latter aqueous solution to the former was 0.4. The clay used was sodium montmorillonite (Kunimine Industrial Co.), having a cation exchange capacity of 100 mequiv/100g. The montmorillonite in the mixed suspension was then centrifuged, followed by washing with deionized water. The washed samples were spread on glass plates, air dried, and then annealed at 673 K for 72 ks in air. The resultant film products were approximately 20 μm in thickness and brown in color.

EFFECTS OF SOLVENTS AND CELL DESIGN FOR CRYSTAL GROWTH OF ORGANIC METALS

1983 ◽  
Vol 44 (C3) ◽  
pp. C3-1195-C3-1199
Author(s):  
H. Anzai ◽  
T. Moriya ◽  
K. Nozaki ◽  
T. Ukachi ◽  
G. Saito
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Cell Design ◽  
Organic Metals

PENGARUH PELARUT KLOROFORM DALAM PEMURNIAN GLISEROL DENGAN PROSES ASIDIFIKASI ASAM KLORIDA

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
Windi Monica Surbakti ◽  
Gerson Rico M.H ◽  
Mersi Suriani Sinaga
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Glycerol Concentration ◽  
Purification Process ◽  
Soap Content ◽  
Test Volume ◽  
Base Content ◽  
Water Salt

Glycerol as a byproduct of biodiesel production was approximately formed 10% of the biodiesel weight. Impurities which contained in the glycerol such as catalyst, soap, methanol, water, salt, and matter organic non glycerol (MONG) have a significant effect on the glycerol concentration. So, it is necessary to treat the impurities. The purpose of this study is to know the effect of chloroform to glycerol purification process with acidification method using hydrochloric acid as pretreatment process. This research was begun with acid addition to the glycerol to neutralize the base content and to split the soap content into free fatty acid and salt, that are more easily separated from glycerol. Then the process was continued with extraction by the solvent chloroform using the variable of test volume ratio (v/v) (1:1, 1:1.5, 1:2)  and the extraction time (20, 40, and 60 minutes). The results showed that the more volume of solvent used, gave less extraction time to produce high purity of glycerol. The highest purity produced in this study amounted to 90,9082% is obtained at the ratio of the volume solvent (v/v) 1:1 with extraction time 60 minutes.

Shell Area–To-Volume Ratio in Ammonoids

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 216
Author(s):  
Horacio Parent ◽  
Matias Bejas ◽  
Andres Greco
Keyword(s):  
Volume Ratio

Study of The Influence of Different Variables on Clathrate Practical Applications in Phenol Removal

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (9A) ◽  
pp. 1373-1383
Author(s):  
Riyadh S. AL- Mukhtar ◽  
Shurooq T. Remedhan ◽  
Marwa N. Hussin
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structures ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Constant Speed ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Phenol Removal ◽  
Process Performance ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Glass Cell

In this work, effluent wastewater treated by using cyclopentane-water Clathrate system to treat water contaminates with phenols at concentrations (300, 250, 200, 150, 100 and 50) ppm in order to investigate the capability of process performance. Clathrate or hydrate are strong crystal structures including water (host particles) and little particles (guest particles). The experiments were conducted at different cyclopentane-water volume ratios (1: 2 and 1: 4). The work was done in a 250 ml glass cell with an electric mixer at a constant speed of 280 cycles per minute. Phenol was highest removal percent at 300ppm at 1: 4volume ratio was (92.3%), while the lowest concentration at 50 ppm and 1: 2volume ratio was (55%). Yield and Enrich factor had the highest values at the lowest concentration 50ppm and 1:2 volume ratio were (85% and 2.42) respectively. The technique of the Clathrate proved that it has a high capacity in the separation and achieve high removal percentage compared to other methods at standard conditions when the pressure of 1 atmosphere and temperature higher than the degree of freezing water and less economic costs compared to other methods.

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