scholarly journals The Effect of Partly Replacing Vegetable Fat with Bovine Milk Fat in Infant Formula on Postprandial Lipid and Energy Metabolism: A Proof‐of‐principle Study in Healthy Young Male Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 2000848
Author(s):  
Jeske H.J. Hageman ◽  
Balázs Erdõs ◽  
Jaap Keijer ◽  
Michiel Adriaens ◽  
Britt Wit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Postprandial Lipid ◽  
Proof Of Principle ◽  
Vegetable Fat

Corrigendum to “Comparison of bovine milk fat and vegetable fat for infant formula: Implications for infant health” [International Dairy Journal 92 (2019) 37–49]

2020 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 104866
Author(s):  
Jeske H.J. Hageman ◽  
Marianne Danielsen ◽  
Arie G. Nieuwenhuizen ◽  
Anouk L. Feitsma ◽  
Trine K. Dalsgaard
Keyword(s):  
Infant Formula ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Infant Health ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Vegetable Fat

scholarly journals Milk fat-based formula reduced palmitic acid soaps and excretion of calcium in healthy term infants: two double-blind, randomized, cross-over trials

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yannis Manios ◽  
Eva Karaglani ◽  
Inge Thijs-Verhoeven ◽  
Elpis Vlachopapadopoulou ◽  
Anastasia Papazoglou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Calcium Excretion ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Vegetable Fat

AbstractIntroduction:Infant formula (IF) with vegetable fat blends typically have more than 80% of palmitic acid (PA) esterified at the sn-1 and sn-3 positions of triglycerides. Additional use of bovine milk fat (MF), a natural source of sn-2 palmitate, may enable increasing the sn-2 palmitate levels, potentially leading to improved absorption of fatty acids and calcium, and reduced formation of PA soaps associated with constipation in infants. The current study investigated the effect of IF with and without MF on the concentration of PA, PA soaps, calcium excretion and gastrointestinal tolerance using Amsterdam Infant Stool Scale (AISS) in healthy term infants.Materials and Methods:Two double-blind randomized placebo-controlled cross-over trials were conducted in parallel to compare a MF-based test formula with high sn-2 palmitate levels (39%) with a reference formula with only vegetable fat (10.1% sn-2 palmitate, cross-over study 1; CS1) and a MF-based test formula with medium sn-2 palmitate levels (19.7%) with the reference formula with only vegetable fat (cross-over study 2; CS2). CS1 included 17 and CS2 18 full-term, healthy, exclusively formula-fed infants screened between the 9th-14th week of age. After two weeks of wash-out period, in both CS1 and CS2, infants were randomized to receive either the MF-based test formula or reference. At the end of two weeks, the groups were crossed-over to receive the other formula for subsequent two weeks. Stool samples were collected after each two-week intervention period and bi-weekly diaries and questionnaires were completed by the parents/caretakers.Results:The PA concentrations in stools (mg/g dry weight) did not differ between the MF-based test and reference formula in either CS1 (p = 0.1324) or CS2 (p = 0.1198). A reduction was observed in the concentration of PA soaps in both medium and high sn-2 palmitate formula, with a more pronounced effect for the high sn-2 palmitate formula (medium; p = 0.0023 and high; p < 0.0001). In addition, calcium excretion in stools was significantly lower in the MF-based formula groups as compared to the reference in both studies (medium; p = 0.0067 and high; p = 0.0041). In CS2, stool consistency did not differ between groups whilst in CS1, a favorable effect of high sn-2 palmitate formula compared to the reference formula (p = 0.0008) was noted.Conclusion:Bovine milk fat in infant formula reduced the excretion of PA soaps and calcium in stool samples of healthy term infants. High sn-2 palmitate formula showed a more pronounced effect and improved stool consistency according to the AISS.

scholarly journals Comparison of bovine milk fat and vegetable fat for infant formula: Implications for infant health

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 37-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeske H.J. Hageman ◽  
Marianne Danielsen ◽  
Arie G. Nieuwenhuizen ◽  
Anouk L. Feitsma ◽  
Trine K. Dalsgaard
Keyword(s):  
Infant Formula ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Infant Health ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Vegetable Fat

scholarly journals Micronutrient and Glucose-Related Biomarkers Until 24 Mo of Age in Infants Receiving Formula With Added Bovine Milk Fat Globule Membrane Through the First Year of Life: An RCT

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 762-762
Author(s):  
Angela Jaramillo-Ospina ◽  
Rosario Toro-Campos ◽  
Teresa Murguia-Peniche ◽  
Jennifer Wampler ◽  
Steven Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infant Formula ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Serum Iron ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
The Body ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Milk Fat Globule Membrane ◽  
Milk Fat Globule ◽  
Fat Globule ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives Bovine milk fat globule membrane (bMFGM) added in routine infant formula supports normal growth and safety through 24 mo of age in term infants. The impact on micronutrients and glucose-related biomarkers is assessed here. Methods In this double-blind, randomized, controlled trial, formula-fed infants were enrolled (&lt;120 days of age) and randomized to receive a standard cow´s milk-based infant formula (SF, n = 174) or a similar formula with added whey protein-lipid concentrate (5 g/L; bMFGM; EF n = 173); exclusively breastfed infants were enrolled as a reference (HM, n = 235). In 50% of infants (chosen at random), parents agreed to blood collection (2–4 h fasting) at baseline, 6, 12, and 24 mo of age. Serum micronutrients (zinc, iron, ferritin, transferrin receptor) and glucose-related biomarkers (glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR [Homeostatic Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance], IGF-1) were analyzed. Results At baseline, significant differences in markers of iron status (serum iron, ferritin) and glucose-related biomarkers (glucose, HOMA-IR, and IGF-1) were detected between HM and study formula groups. At 6 and 12 mo, no differences in any measure were detected between study formula groups. Serum iron and ferritin at 12 mo as well as glucose-related biomarkers at 6 mo (insulin, HOMA-IR, IGF-1) and 12 mo (IGF-1 only) were lower in the HM vs study formula groups. By 24 mo, micronutrients and glucose-related biomarkers were similar between study formula groups (with the exception of significantly lower serum iron in the SF group); for HM vs study formula groups, differences included significantly lower zinc and IGF-1. Conclusions Patterns of micronutrients and glucose-related biomarkers were similar through two years of age in infants who received formula through one year. This study add to the body of data available for glucose-related biomarkers in children at two years of age and younger. Funding Sources The study was funded by Mead Johnson Nutrition (MJN). TMP, SSW, and JLW are currently, and CLB was previously employed by MJN.

scholarly journals Growth Through 24 Months of Age in Infants Receiving Formulas with or Without Added Bovine Milk Fat Globule Membrane (MFGM) or Human Milk Through the First Year of Life: An RCT

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1014-1014
Author(s):  
Angela Jaramillo Ospina ◽  
Rosario Toro ◽  
Teresa Murguia-Peniche ◽  
Jennifer Wampler ◽  
Steven Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Study Time ◽  
Milk Fat Globule Membrane ◽  
Milk Fat Globule ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Fat Globule

Abstract Objectives To evaluate growth through 24 months of age in infants receiving added bovine milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) in infant formula through 12 months of age. Concentration of MFGM from bovine milk fractions and incorporation in infant formula may better approximate the composition of complex milk lipids in human milk. Methods In the double-blind, randomized, controlled Chilean Infant Nutrition Trial (ChiNuT; NCT0262613), term infants whose mothers chose to initiate exclusive infant formula feeding before 4 months of age were randomized to receive: a standard cow's milk-based infant formula (SF, n = 174) or a similar formula with added whey protein-lipid concentrate (5 g/L; source of bovine MFGM) (bMFGM, n = 176). A reference group of infants exclusively receiving human milk (HM, n = 236) was also recruited. Growth through 24 months of age was the primary outcome. Length-for-age (LAZ), weight-for-age (WAZ) and body mass index (BMI)-for-age (BAZ) growth z-scores were analyzed by mixed-effects multiple linear regression models adjusted by sex, age (days), and maternal pregestational BMI (kg/m2). Results No significant group differences in sex, gestational age at birth, birthweight, maternal age and maternal education were detected, with the exception of maternal pregestational BMI (mean(SD)) (HM: 27.0(5.2) lower vs SF: 28.6(6.2) or bMFGM: 28.9(6.1); P = 0.002). Groups were similar at baseline (weight, length, WAZ, BAZ) with the exception of LAZ (lower in the bMFGM compared to HM group; P &lt; 0.05). No significant differences in growth z-scores (absolute at 6, 9, 12, and 24 months of age or change between baseline and each study time point) were detected between SF and MFGM groups. Both randomized study formula groups were associated with higher growth z-score increases from baseline compared to the HM reference group between 6 and 24 months (P less than 0.05). Mean growth z-scores fell within the range of −1 to 1 (16th to 84th percentile) for SF, bMFGM, and HM groups at all study time points. Conclusions Added bovine MFGM in a routine cow's milk-based infant formula through 12 months of age supported normal growth through 24 months of age. Funding Sources The study was funded by Mead Johnson Nutrition (MJN). Teresa Murguia-Peniche, Steven Wu, and Jennifer Wampler are currently employed by MJN. Carol Lynn Berseth was previously employed by MJN.

scholarly journals Supplementation of Infant Formula with Bovine Milk Fat Globule Membranes

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niklas Timby ◽  
Magnus Domellöf ◽  
Bo Lönnerdal ◽  
Olle Hernell
Keyword(s):  
Infant Formula ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Milk Fat Globule ◽  
Fat Globule ◽  
Milk Fat Globule Membranes

scholarly journals Infant Formula Based on Milk Fat Affects Immune Development in Both Normal Birthweight and Fetal Growth Restricted Neonatal Piglets

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3310
Author(s):  
Ole Bæk ◽  
Karina Skadborg ◽  
Tik Muk ◽  
Charlotte Amdi ◽  
Peter M. H. Heegaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infant Formula ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Neutrophil Function ◽  
Immune Development ◽  
Immune Parameters

Infant formulas offer an alternative to breast milk for both normal birth weight (NBW) and immunocompromised intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) infants. Although the lipid fraction in formulas is often derived from vegetable oils, it is unclear if this alters immunological outcomes relative to milk fats or whether these effects differ between IUGR and NBW infants. We hypothesized that replacing vegetable oil with bovine milk fat in infant formula would improve immune development in IUGR and NBW neonates. Two-day old piglets were selected (NBW, n = 18, IUGR, n = 18) and each group of animals were fed formula based on either vegetable oil (VEG) or bovine milk fat (MILK). Animals were reared until day 23/24 and systemic immune parameters were evaluated. Milk-fat feeding decreased blood neutrophil counts and improved neutrophil function while transiently reducing leucocytes’ expression of genes related to adaptive and innate immunity as well as energy metabolism, following in vitro stimulation by live Staphylococcus epidermidis (whole blood, 2 h). However, there were only a few interactions between milk-fat type and birthweight status. Thus, piglets fed milk-fat-based formula had improved neutrophil maturation and suppressed pro-inflammatory responses, compared to those fed vegetable-oil-based formula.

scholarly journals Bovine Milk-Derived Emulsifiers Increase Triglyceride Absorption in Newborn Formula-Fed Pigs

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine Bach Korsholm Knudsen ◽  
Christine Heerup ◽  
Tine Røngaard Stange Jensen ◽  
Xiaolu Geng ◽  
Nikolaj Drachmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Lipid Absorption ◽  
Lipid Digestion ◽  
Soy Lecithin ◽  
Neonatal Piglets ◽  
Milk Fat Globule Membranes

Efficient lipid digestion in formula-fed infants is required to ensure the availability of fatty acids for normal organ development. Previous studies suggest that the efficiency of lipid digestion may depend on whether lipids are emulsified with soy lecithin or fractions derived from bovine milk. This study, therefore, aimed to determine whether emulsification with bovine milk-derived emulsifiers or soy lecithin (SL) influenced lipid digestion in vitro and in vivo. Lipid digestibility was determined in vitro in oil-in-water emulsions using four different milk-derived emulsifiers or SL, and the ultrastructural appearance of the emulsions was assessed using electron microscopy. Subsequently, selected emulsions were added to a base diet and fed to preterm neonatal piglets. Initially, preterm pigs equipped with an ileostomy were fed experimental formulas for seven days and stoma output was collected quantitatively. Next, lipid absorption kinetics was studied in preterm pigs given pure emulsions. Finally, complete formulas with different emulsions were fed for four days, and the post-bolus plasma triglyceride level was determined. Milk-derived emulsifiers (containing protein and phospholipids from milk fat globule membranes and extracellular vesicles) showed increased effects on fat digestion compared to SL in an in vitro digestion model. Further, milk-derived emulsifiers significantly increased the digestion of triglyceride in the preterm piglet model compared with SL. Ultra-structural images indicated a more regular and smooth surface of fat droplets emulsified with milk-derived emulsifiers relative to SL. We conclude that, relative to SL, milk-derived emulsifiers lead to a different surface ultrastructure on the lipid droplets, and increase lipid digestion.

Impact of an Infant Formula Containing a Novel Fat Blend (Cow’s Milk Fat, Fish and Vegetable Oil) and Prebiotics on Stool Fatty Acid Soaps and Erythrocyte Fatty Acid Profiles in Full-Term Healthy Newborns

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Maroula Lambidou ◽  
Birgit Alteheld ◽  
Rolf Fimmers ◽  
Frank Jochum ◽  
Antonia Nomayo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Infant Formulas ◽  
Fa Composition ◽  
And Control ◽  
Breast Fed

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Recently, new commercial infant formulas have been composed considering novel fat blends and oligosaccharides to better resemble the fatty acid (FA) composition and stereospecific distribution (e.g., increased amount of ß-palmitate) as well as probiotics content of human breast milk. We hypothesized that these newly composed infant formulas may decrease fecal FA soap excretion and may positively affect erythrocyte FA profiles compared with regular formulas. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Healthy infants were randomly assigned to receive a high-sn-2-palmitate formula (&#x3e;25% of the PA is esterified to the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone, verum: <i>n</i> = 30) or a “standard” formula containing &#x3c;10% of PA in sn-2 position and no oligosaccharides (control: <i>n</i> = 27); a non-randomized group of breast-fed infants served as control. Anthropometric data of the infants (body weight, recumbent length, and head circumference) were recorded at inclusion (visit 1) and 6 and 12 weeks after onset of intervention (visits 2 and 3). Blood samples for erythrocyte FA analysis (gas chromatography) were taken at visits 1 and 2; stool samples were collected at visit 2. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Quantitative formula intake (mL/kg body weight × day) at visit 2 (verum: 155 ± 30, control: 164 ± 30) and visit 3 (verum: 134 ± 26, control: 134 ± 21) was comparable. Six weeks after onset of intervention, stool total FA soaps, palmitate soaps, and total FAs were similar in both formula-fed groups but significantly higher than in breast-fed infants. During the 6-week intervention, erythrocyte palmitate decreased significantly from baseline in all 3 groups with no group differences (verum: 29.20 ± 1.17 to 27.12 ± 0.66, control: 29.88 ± 2.00 to 27.01 ± 0.94, breast-fed: 30.20 ± 0.86 to 26.84 ± 0.98). For selected FAs, significant changes over time in verum and control group were obvious but without formula effects. Some variations in the FA profile of breast-fed infants compared to both verum and control groups were observed. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> In contrast to our hypothesis, feeding a newly composed infant formula based on a fat blend with 25% of PA in the sn-2 position of triacylglycerols and supplemented with a prebiotic could not decrease insoluble FA soap excretion compared with a standard product; in this respect, breastfeeding is obviously the best choice. Surprisingly, erythrocyte FA profiles were comparable in formula-fed and breast-fed infants; obvious alterations in FA composition of the respective fat sources and structure did not affect FA incorporation into membranes. Caution should be, however, exercised in drawing robust conclusions in the absence of larger, adequately powered intervention studies.

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