Hyperlipidemia Determines Dysfunctional HDL Production and Impedes Cholesterol Efflux in the Small Intestine: Alleviation by Ginger Extract

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (19) ◽  
pp. 1900029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teodora Barbalata ◽  
Mariana Deleanu ◽  
Mihaela Georgiana Carnuta ◽  
Loredan Stefan Niculescu ◽  
Mina Raileanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Cholesterol Efflux ◽  
Ginger Extract ◽  
Dysfunctional Hdl

Abstract 114: Serum Amyloid A Plays an Important Role in Making HDL Lose Its Anti-inflammatory Effect on Adipocytes

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Yeop Han ◽  
Myriam E Guevara ◽  
Hao Wei ◽  
Chongren Tang ◽  
Mohamed Omer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Efflux ◽  
Serum Amyloid A ◽  
Serum Amyloid ◽  
Chemotactic Factor ◽  
Cholesterol Efflux Capacity ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Factor Expression ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Dysfunctional Hdl ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Adipose tissue inflammation associates with insulin resistance and increased cardiovascular disease risk. HDL has both anti-inflammatory and atheroprotective properties. We recently showed that HDL from healthy humans and lean mice inhibits palmitate-induced monocyte chemotactic factor expression by decreasing lipid raft (LR) content in adipocytes. However, little is known regarding whether inflammation would cause HDL to lose these anti-inflammatory effects on adipocytes. To generate HDL under conditions of sterile inflammation, HDL was purified from plasma of AgNO 3 -injected C57BL/6 mice. In 3T3L-1 adipocytes, “inflamed HDL” did not disrupt the formation of LR or inhibit monocyte chemotactic factor expression. Moreover, inflamed HDL lost its ability to facilitate cholesterol efflux in adipocytes. To determine causal factors of HDL that might be responsible for this loss of anti-inflammatory effect on adipocytes, we investigated role of serum amyloid A (SAA), levels of which are increased up to 1000 fold in HDL by acute inflammation. In a loss of function study, inflamed HDL from AgNO 3 -injectd SAA1/2 double knockout (DKO) mice restored part of its anti-inflammatory and cholesterol efflux capacity. Conversely, in a gain of function study, increasing the SAA content in uninflamed HDL by exposure to 293 HEK cells with lentiviral overexpression of SAA2 resulted in a partial loss of its anti-inflammatory effect and cholesterol efflux capacity. To determine whether HDL from moderately inflamed humans had similar effects on adipocyte inflammation, HDL isolated from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (n=18) also demonstrated impaired anti-inflammatory effects in adipocytes. The extent of impairment associated positively with plasma SAA levels ( r =0.80; p <0.001), and negatively with cholesterol efflux capacity of the HDL ( r =-0.74; p <0.001). These findings indicate that inflamed HDL loses its anti-inflammatory effect and cholesterol efflux capacity on adipocytes. The presence of SAA in HDL may contribute to the generation of dysfunctional HDL and should be considered as a causal factor, not simply as a biomarker of dysfunctional HDL.

scholarly journals Ezetimibe Promotes Brush Border Membrane-to-Lumen Cholesterol Efflux in the Small Intestine

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. e0152207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takanari Nakano ◽  
Ikuo Inoue ◽  
Yasuhiro Takenaka ◽  
Hiraku Ono ◽  
Shigehiro Katayama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Brush Border ◽  
Cholesterol Efflux ◽  
Brush Border Membrane

scholarly journals Ginger Extract and [6]-Gingerol Inhibit Contraction of Rat Entire Small Intestine

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 2515690X1877427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Usana Chatturong ◽  
Tanwarat Kajsongkram ◽  
Sakara Tunsophon ◽  
Rachanee Chanasong ◽  
Krongkarn Chootip
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
In Vivo Study ◽  
Organ Bath ◽  
Ginger Extract ◽  
Entire Small Intestine ◽  
Intestinal Segments ◽  
Small Intestinal

This study aims to investigate the effect of oral administration and the direct action of ginger extract or [6]-gingerol on small intestinal contractility. The direct effect of 10 minutes preincubation of ginger ethanolic extract (10, 100 and 300 μg/mL) or [6]-gingerol (1, 30, and 100 μM) on 0.01 to 30 μM ACh-induced contractions of all parts of the small intestine isolated from normal rats was investigated using the organ bath technique. For in vivo study, the rats were orally administered with extract (10, 20, and 100 mg/kg/d) or [6]-gingerol (2 mg/kg/d) for 7 days, followed by determining the contractile responses to ACh of rat isolated duodenum, jejunum, and ileum and their histology were assessed. Direct application of the extract or [6]-gingerol attenuated ACh-induced contractions in each small intestinal segment, Emax was reduced by 40% to 80%, while EC50 increased 3- to 8-fold from control. Similarly, in the in vivo study ACh-induced contractions were reduced in all parts of the small intestine isolated from rats orally treated with ginger extract (20 and 100 mg/kg/d) or [6]-gingerol (2 mg/kg/d). Emax decreased 15% to 30%, while EC50 increased 1- to 3-fold compared to control. No discernable changes in the histology of intestinal segments were detectable. Thus, the results support the clinical application of ginger for disorders of gastrointestinal motility.

scholarly journals Luminal plant sterol promotes brush border membrane-to-lumen cholesterol efflux in the small intestine

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takanari Nakano ◽  
Ikuo Inoue ◽  
Yasuhiro Takenaka ◽  
Yuichi Ikegami ◽  
Norihiro Kotani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Brush Border ◽  
Cholesterol Efflux ◽  
Plant Sterol ◽  
Brush Border Membrane

Mechanisms Of Functional Hdl Production And Cholesterol Efflux In The Small Intestine Of Hyperlipidemic Hamster; Stimulation By Ginger Administration

2019 ◽  
Vol 287 ◽  
pp. e226-e227
Author(s):  
T. Barbalata ◽  
M.G. Carnuta ◽  
M. Deleanu ◽  
M. Raileanu ◽  
A.V. Sima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Cholesterol Efflux

Electron probe x-ray microanalysis and electron microscopy of amino acid absorption and transport by the small intestine: inhibition by chemical poisons and correlation to the elemental composition of the epithelial cells

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 134-135
Author(s):  
A. J. Tousimis
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Isotope Labeling ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Human Small Intestine ◽  
Transport Studies

The elemental composition of amino acids is similar to that of the major structural components of the epithelial cells of the small intestine and other tissues. Therefore, their subcellular localization and concentration measurements are not possible by x-ray microanalysis. Radioactive isotope labeling: I131-tyrosine, Se75-methionine and S35-methionine have been successfully employed in numerous absorption and transport studies. The latter two have been utilized both in vitro and vivo, with similar results in the hamster and human small intestine. Non-radioactive Selenomethionine, since its absorption/transport behavior is assumed to be the same as that of Se75- methionine and S75-methionine could serve as a compound tracer for this amino acid.

The protease phenotype and crystalline nature of the granules of intraepithelial mast cells in Trichinella spiralis-infected mice

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 818-819
Author(s):  
D.S. Friend ◽  
N. Ghildyal ◽  
M.F. Gurish ◽  
K.F. Austen ◽  
R.L. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Carboxypeptidase A ◽  
C3h Mice ◽  
Granule Morphology ◽  
Crystalline Nature

Trichinella spiralis induces a profound mastocytosis and eosinophilia in the small intestine of the infected mouse. Mouse mast cells (MC) store in their granules various combinations of at least five chymotryptic chymases [designated mouse MC protease (mMCP) 1 to 5], two tryptic proteases designated mMCP-6 and mMCP-7 and an exopeptidase, carboxypeptidase A (mMC-CPA). Using antipeptide, protease -specific antibodies to these MC granule proteases, immunohistochemistry was done to determine the distribution, number and protease phenotype of the MCs in the small intestine and spleen 10 to >60 days after Trichinella infection of BALB/c and C3H mice. TEM was performed to evaluate the granule morphology of the MCs between intestinal epithelial cells and in the lamina propria (mucosal MCs) and in the submucosa, muscle and serosa of the intestine (submucosal MCs).As noted in the table below, the number of submucosal MCs remained constant throughout the study. In contrast, on day 14, the number of MCs in the mucosa increased ~25 fold. Increased numbers of MCs were observed between epithelial cells in the mucosal crypts, in the lamina propria and to a lesser extent, between epithelial cells of the intestinal villi.

Immunochemical visualization of cyclic AMP in myenteric neurons of guinea-pig small intestine+

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A683-A683
Author(s):  
J GUZMAN ◽  
S SHARP ◽  
J YU ◽  
F MCMORRIS ◽  
A WIEMELT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Myenteric Neurons

In situ demonstration of migration of dendritic cells released from rat small intestine to mesenteric lymph nodes

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A183-A183
Author(s):  
H KOBAYASHI ◽  
H NAGATA ◽  
S MIURA ◽  
T AZUMA ◽  
H SUZUKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Rat Small Intestine ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph
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