Fructose overfeeding in first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients impacts energy metabolism and mitochondrial functions in skeletal muscle

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 2691-2699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Seyssel ◽  
Emmanuelle Meugnier ◽  
Kim-Anne Lê ◽  
Christine Durand ◽  
Emmanuel Disse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Mitochondrial Functions ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic ◽  
And Mitochondrial Functions

Impact of exercise training on insulin sensitivity, physical fitness, and muscle oxidative capacity in first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients

2006 ◽  
Vol 290 (5) ◽  
pp. E998-E1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torben Østergård ◽  
Jesper L. Andersen ◽  
Birgit Nyholm ◽  
Sten Lund ◽  
K.Sreekumaran Nair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Muscle Oxidative Capacity ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

First-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients (offspring) are often characterized by insulin resistance and reduced physical fitness (V̇o2 max). We determined the response of healthy first-degree relatives to a standardized 10-wk exercise program compared with an age-, sex-, and body mass index-matched control group. Improvements in V̇o2 max(14.1 ± 11.3 and 16.1 ± 14.2%; both P < 0.001) and insulin sensitivity (0.6 ± 1.4 and 1.0 ± 2.1 mg·kg−1·min−1; both P < 0.05) were comparable in offspring and control subjects. However, V̇o2 maxand insulin sensitivity in offspring were not related at baseline as in the controls ( r = 0.009, P = 0.96 vs. r = 0.67, P = 0.002). Likewise, in offspring, exercise-induced changes in V̇o2 maxdid not correlate with changes in insulin sensitivity as opposed to controls ( r = 0.06, P = 0.76 vs. r = 0.57, P = 0.01). Skeletal muscle oxidative capacity tended to be lower in offspring at baseline but improved equally in both offspring and controls in response to exercise training (Δcitrate synthase enzyme activity 26 vs. 20%, and Δcyclooxygenase enzyme activity 25 vs. 23%. Skeletal muscle fiber morphology and capillary density were comparable between groups at baseline and did not change significantly with exercise training. In conclusion, this study shows that first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients respond normally to endurance exercise in terms of changes in V̇o2 maxand insulin sensitivity. However, the lack of a correlation between the V̇o2 maxand insulin sensitivity in the first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients indicates that skeletal muscle adaptations are dissociated from the improvement in V̇o2 max. This could indicate that, in first-degree relatives, improvement of insulin sensitivity is dissociated from muscle mitochondrial functions.

scholarly journals Insulin Signaling and Glucose Transport in Skeletal Muscle From First-Degree Relatives of Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Diabetes ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 1283-1288 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. K.R. Karlsson ◽  
M. Ahlsen ◽  
J. R. Zierath ◽  
H. Wallberg-Henriksson ◽  
H. A. Koistinen
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Glucose Transport ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Role of Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Skeletal Muscle in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (18) ◽  
pp. 2650-2656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noelia Diaz-Morales ◽  
Susana Rovira-Llopis ◽  
Irene Escribano-Lopez ◽  
Celia Bañuls ◽  
Sandra Lopez-Domenech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

scholarly journals Low-Dose Acrolein, an Endogenous and Exogenous Toxic Molecule, Inhibits Glucose Transport via an Inhibition of Akt-Regulated GLUT4 Signaling in Skeletal Muscle Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 7228
Author(s):  
Ching-Chia Wang ◽  
Huang-Jen Chen ◽  
Ding-Cheng Chan ◽  
Chen-Yuan Chiu ◽  
Shing-Hwa Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Glucose Transport ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Urinary acrolein adduct levels have been reported to be increased in both habitual smokers and type-2 diabetic patients. The impairment of glucose transport in skeletal muscles is a major factor responsible for glucose uptake reduction in type-2 diabetic patients. The effect of acrolein on glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle remains unclear. Here, we investigated whether acrolein affects muscular glucose metabolism in vitro and glucose tolerance in vivo. Exposure of mice to acrolein (2.5 and 5 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks substantially increased fasting blood glucose and impaired glucose tolerance. The glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) protein expression was significantly decreased in soleus muscles of acrolein-treated mice. The glucose uptake was significantly decreased in differentiated C2C12 myotubes treated with a non-cytotoxic dose of acrolein (1 μM) for 24 and 72 h. Acrolein (0.5–2 μM) also significantly decreased the GLUT4 expression in myotubes. Acrolein suppressed the phosphorylation of glucose metabolic signals IRS1, Akt, mTOR, p70S6K, and GSK3α/β. Over-expression of constitutive activation of Akt reversed the inhibitory effects of acrolein on GLUT4 protein expression and glucose uptake in myotubes. These results suggest that acrolein at doses relevant to human exposure dysregulates glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle cells and impairs glucose tolerance in mice.

Circulating Chemerin Levels are Increased in First-Degree Relatives of Type 2 Diabetic Patients

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (06/2014) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xh. Zhuang ◽  
Fd. Sun ◽  
Sh. Chen ◽  
Yt. Liu ◽  
W. Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic
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