Subchronic treatment with grape-seed phenolics inhibits ghrelin production despite a short-term stimulation of ghrelin secretion produced by bitter-sensing flavanols

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 2554-2564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Serrano ◽  
Àngela Casanova-Martí ◽  
Inge Depoortere ◽  
Maria Teresa Blay ◽  
Ximena Terra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grape Seed ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Subchronic Treatment ◽  
Ghrelin Secretion ◽  
Stimulation Of

Is money the creation of the state or the market? (On the “modern monetary theory” as described in the textbook by W. Mitchell, L. R. Wray and M. Watts “Macroeconomics”)

2020 ◽  
pp. 121-134
Author(s):  
S. A. Andryushin
Keyword(s):  
Public Debt ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Full Employment ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Scientific Concept ◽  
Monetary Theory ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Stimulation Of

In 2019, a textbook “Macroeconomics” was published in London, on the pages of which the authors presented a new monetary doctrine — Modern Monetary Theory, MMT, — an unorthodox concept based on the postulates of Post-Keynesianism, New Institutionalism, and the theory of Marxism. The attitude to this scientific concept in the scientific community is ambiguous. A smaller part of scientists actively support this doctrine, which is directly related to state monetary and fiscal stimulation of full employment, public debt servicing and economic growth. Others, the majority of economists, on the contrary, strongly criticize MMT, arguing that the new theory hides simple left-wing populism, designed for a temporary and short-term effect. This article considers the origins and the main provisions of MMT, its discussions with the mainstream, criticism of the basic tenets of MMT, and also assesses possible prospects for the development of MMT in the medium term.

EFFECT OF ACTINOMYCIN D ON TSH-INDUCED STIMULATION OF THYROIDAL PROTEIN SYNTHESIS IN THE RAT

1974 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustav Wägar
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Actinomycin D ◽  
The Other ◽  
Leucine Incorporation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Translational Level ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT Whether the short-term regulation of thyroidal protein synthesis by TSH occurs at the transcriptional or the translational level was tested by measuring the effect of actinomycin D (act D) on the TSH-induced stimulation of L-14C-leucine incorporation into the thyroidal proteins of rats. TSH was injected 6 h before the rats were killed. The thyroid glands were then removed and incubated in vitro in the presence of L-14C-leucine for 2 h. The pronounced stimulation of leucine incorporation in the TSH-treated animals was depressed as compared with controls but still significant even when the animals had been pre-treated with 100 μg act D 24 and 7 h before sacrifice. On the other hand, act D strongly decreased incorporation of 3H-uridine into RNA. Short-term regulation of thyroidal protein synthesis by TSH appears to be partly but not wholly dependent on neosynthesis of RNA. Hence regulation may partly occur at the translation level of protein synthesis.

Electrical stimulation of referred sensation area alleviates phantom limb pain

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Michihiro Osumi ◽  
Daisuke Shimizu ◽  
Yuki Nishi ◽  
Shu Morioka
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Phantom Limb Pain ◽  
Phantom Limb ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Limb Pain ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Stimulation Of

Background: Patients with brachial plexus avulsion (BPA) usually experience phantom sensations and phantom limb pain (PLP) in the deafferented limb. It has been suggested that evoking the sensation of touch in the deafferented limb by stimulating referred sensation areas (RSAs) on the cheek or shoulder might alleviate PLP. However, feasible rehabilitation techniques using this approach have not been reported. Objective: The present study sought to examine the analgesic effects of simple electrical stimulation of RSAs in BPA patients with PLP. Methods: Study 1: Electrical stimulation of RSAs for 60 minutes was conducted for six BPA patients suffering from PLP to examine short-term analgesic effects. Study 2: A single case design experiment was conducted with two BPA patients to investigate whether electrical stimulation of RSAs was more effective for alleviating PLP than control electrical stimulation (electrical stimulation of sites on side opposite to the RSAs), and to elucidate the long-term effects of electrical stimulation of RSAs. Results: Study 1: Electrical stimulation of RSAs evoked phantom touch sensations in the deafferented limb, and significantly alleviated PLP (p <  0.05). Study 2: PLP was alleviated more after electrical stimulation on RSAs compared with control electrical stimulation (p <  0.05). However, the analgesic effects of electrical stimulation on RSAs were observed only in the short term, not in the long term (p >  0.05). Conclusions: Electrical stimulation of RSAs not only evoked phantom touch sensation but also alleviated PLP in the short term. The results indicate that electrical stimulation of RSAs may provide a useful practical rehabilitation technique for PLP. Future studies will be required to clarify the mechanisms underlying immediate PLP alleviation via electrical stimulation of RSAs.

Short-term habituation of equine limb kinematics to tactile stimulation of the coronet

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (03) ◽  
pp. 211-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. White ◽  
L. Kaiser ◽  
S. Nauwelaerts ◽  
M. Lavagnino ◽  
N. C. Stubbs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Tactile Stimulation ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Swing Phase ◽  
Rapid Decrease ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Limb Kinematics ◽  
Sequential Trials ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Stimulation Of

SummaryA lightweight bracelet that provides tactile stimulation to the horse’s pastern and coronet induces a higher flight arc of the hoof. This study addresses the pattern of habituation to these devices. Objective: To evaluate short-term habituation to tactile stimulation of the pastern and coronet in trotting horses. Methods: Tactile stimulation was provided by a lightweight (55 g) device consisting of a strap with seven chains that was attached loosely around the pastern. Reflective markers were fixed to the dorsal hoof wall, the forehead and over the tenth thoracic vertebra of eight sound horses. The horses trotted in hand 10 times at a consistent velocity along a 30 m runway under three conditions applied in random order at two-hour intervals: no stimulators, stimulators on both front hooves or stimulators on both hind hooves. One stride per trial was analyzed to determine peak hoof heights in the swing phase. Sequential trials with stimulators were compared with unstimulated trials using a nested ANCOVA and Bonferronni’s post hoc test (P<0.005). Results: Peak hind hoof height increased significantly for all 10 trials when wearing hind stimulators, whereas peak fore hoof height increased during the first six trials only when wearing fore stimulators. The first trial with stimulators showed the greatest elevation, followed by a rapid decrease over the next three trials and then a more gradual decrease. Conclusions: If the goal is to facilitate a generalized muscular response, a short burst of tactile stimulation is likely to be most effective, whereas longer periods of stimulation will be more effective for strength training.

Short-term stimulation of the thiazide-sensitive Na+-Cl− cotransporter by vasopressin involves phosphorylation and membrane translocation

2010 ◽  
Vol 298 (3) ◽  
pp. F502-F509 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Mutig ◽  
T. Saritas ◽  
S. Uchida ◽  
T. Kahl ◽  
T. Borowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fold Increase ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Nephron Segments ◽  
Mediated Effects ◽  
Effector System ◽  
Apical Trafficking ◽  
Fine Regulation ◽  
Combined Action ◽  
Effective Site ◽  
Stimulation Of

Vasopressin influences salt and water transport in renal epithelia. This is coordinated by the combined action of V2 receptor-mediated effects along distinct nephron segments. Modulation of NaCl reabsorption by vasopressin has been established in the loop of Henle, but its role in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT), an effective site for fine regulation of urinary electrolyte composition and the target for thiazide diuretics, is largely unknown. The Na+-Cl− cotransporter (NCC) of DCT is activated by luminal trafficking and phosphorylation at conserved NH2-terminal residues. Here, we demonstrate the effects of short-term vasopressin administration (30 min) on NCC activation in Brattleboro rats with central diabetes insipidus (DI) using the V2 receptor agonist desmopressin (dDAVP). The fraction of NCC abundance in the luminal plasma membrane was significantly increased upon dDAVP as shown by confocal microscopy, immunogold cytochemistry, and Western blot, suggesting increased apical trafficking of the transporter. Changes were paralleled by augmented phosphorylation of NCC as detected by antibodies against phospho-threonine and phospho-serine residues (2.5-fold increase at Thr53 and 1.4-fold increase at Ser71). dDAVP-induced phosphorylation of NCC, studied in tubular suspensions in the absence of systemic effects, was enhanced as well (1.7-fold increase at Ser71), which points to the direct mode of action of vasopressin in DCT. Changes were more pronounced in early (DCT1) than in late DCT as distinguished by the distribution of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 in DCT2. These results suggest that the vasopressin-V2 receptor-NCC signaling cascade is a novel effector system to adjust transepithelial NaCl reabsorption in DCT.

Differential stimulation of c-fos expression in hypothalamic nuclei of the rat brain during short-term heat acclimation and mild dehydration

1998 ◽  
Vol 798 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 127-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Patronas ◽  
Michal Horowitz ◽  
Eckhart Simon ◽  
Rüdiger Gerstberger
Keyword(s):  
Rat Brain ◽  
Heat Acclimation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Hypothalamic Nuclei ◽  
Fos Expression ◽  
Stimulation Of
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