A dose-response evaluation of freeze-dried strawberries independent of fiber content on metabolic indices in abdominally obese individuals with insulin resistance in a randomized, single-blinded, diet-controlled crossover trial

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 1099-1109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunyoung Park ◽  
Indika Edirisinghe ◽  
Hequn Wei ◽  
Lakshmi Prabha Vijayakumar ◽  
Katarzyna Banaszewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Crossover Trial ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Response Evaluation ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Metabolic Indices

Time course of insulin resistance associated with feeding dogs a high-fat diet

1997 ◽  
Vol 272 (1) ◽  
pp. E147-E154 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Rocchini ◽  
P. Marker ◽  
T. Cervenka
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
High Fat

The current study evaluated both the time course of insulin resistance associated with feeding dogs a high-fat diet and the relationship between the development of insulin resistance and the increase in blood pressure that also occurs. Twelve adult mongrel dogs were chronically instrumented and randomly assigned to either a control diet group (n = 4) or a high-fat diet group (n = 8). Insulin resistance was assessed by a weekly, single-dose (2 mU.kg-1.min-1) euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp on all dogs. Feeding dogs a high-fat diet was associated with a 3.7 +/- 0.5 kg increase in body weight, a 20 +/- 4 mmHg increase in mean blood pressure, a reduction in insulin-mediated glucose uptake [(in mumol-kg-1.min-1) decreasing from 72 +/- 6 before to 49 +/- 7 at 1 wk, 29 +/- 3 at 3 wk, and 30 +/- 2 at 6 wk of the high-fat diet, P < 0.01]. and a reduced insulin-mediated increase in cardiac output. In eight dogs (4 high fat and 4 control), the dose-response relationship of insulin-induced glucose uptake also was studied. The whole body glucose uptake dose-response curve was shifted to the right, and the rate of maximal whole body glucose uptake was significantly decreased (P < 0.001). Finally, we observed a direct relationship between the high-fat diet-induced weekly increase in mean arterial pressure and the degree to which insulin resistance developed. In summary, the current study documents that feeding dogs a high-fat diet causes the rapid development of insulin resistance that is the result of both a reduced sensitivity and a reduced responsiveness to insulin.

scholarly journals Twelve Weeks of Pioglitazone Therapy Significantly Attenuates Dysmetabolism and Reduces Inflammation in Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Patients—A Randomized Crossover Trial

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 507-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Li ◽  
Qiong-Hong Xie ◽  
Huai-Zhou You ◽  
Jing Tian ◽  
Chuan-Ming Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Crossover Trial ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
High Risk Patient ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Randomized Crossover Trial

BackgroundThe aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of oral pioglitazone (PIO) on lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, inflammation, and adipokine metabolism in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients.MethodsIn this randomized crossover trial, 36 CAPD patients with serum triglyceride levels above 1.8 mmol/L were randomly assigned to receive either oral PIO 15 mg once daily or no PIO for 12 weeks. Then, after a 4-week washout, the patients were switched to the alternative regimen. The primary endpoint was change in serum triglycerides during the PIO regimen compared with no PIO. Secondary endpoints included changes in other lipid levels, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), adipocytokines, and C-reactive protein (CRP).ResultsAll 36 CAPD patients (age: 64 ± 11 years; 33% men; 27.8% with diabetes mellitus) completed the study. Comparing patients after PIO and no PIO therapy, we found no significant differences in mean serum triglycerides (3.83 ± 1.49 mmol/L vs 3.51 ± 1.98 mmol/L, p = 0.2). However, mean high-density lipoprotein (0.94 ± 0.22 mmol/L vs 1.00 ± 0.21 mmol/L, p = 0.004) and median total adiponectin [10.34 μg/mL (range: 2.59 – 34.48 μg/mL) vs 30.44 μg/mL (3.47 – 93.41 μg/mL), p < 0.001] increased significantly. Median HOMA-IR [7.51 (1.39 – 45.23) vs 5.38 (0.97 – 14.95), p = 0.006], mean fasting blood glucose (7.31 ± 2.57 mmol/L vs 6.60 ± 2.45 mmol/L, p = 0.01), median CRP [8.78 mg/L (0.18 – 53 mg/L) vs 3.50 mg/L (0.17 – 26.30 mg/L), p = 0.005], and mean resistin (32.70 ± 17.17 ng/mL vs 28.79 ± 11.83 ng/mL, p = 0.02) all declined. The PIO was well tolerated, with only one adverse event: lower-extremity edema in a patient with low residual renal function.ConclusionsBlood triglycerides were not altered after 12 weeks of PIO 15 mg once daily in CAPD patients, but parameters of dysmetabolism were markedly improved, including insulin resistance, inflammation, and adipokine balance, suggesting that PIO could be of value for this high-risk patient group. Larger, more definitive studies are needed to confirm these findings.

scholarly journals Inverse association between soya food consumption and insulin resistance in Japanese adults

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 2031-2040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariko Nakamoto ◽  
Hirokazu Uemura ◽  
Tohru Sakai ◽  
Sakurako Katsuura-Kamano ◽  
Miwa Yamaguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Soya Protein ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Soya Product

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of the present study was to examine the association between soya food consumption and insulin resistance using baseline data of the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort (J-MICC) Study in Tokushima, Japan.DesignThis cross-sectional study included 1274 subjects, aged 34–70 years at baseline, living in Tokushima Prefecture between 2008 and 2013. Fasting blood samples were collected and information on lifestyle characteristics including soya food intake and medical history were obtained using a structured self-administered questionnaire. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was measured and those with HOMA-IR≥2·5 were defined as having insulin resistance. Multiple logistic regression models were used to analyse the association between soya product intake and the prevalence of insulin resistance.SettingRural communities located in Tokushima Prefecture, Japan, between 2008 and 2013.SubjectsA total of 1148 adults (565 men and 583 women), aged 34–70 years.ResultsThe frequency of intake of miso soup, total non-fried soya products and total soya products showed significant inverse dose–response relationships with insulin resistance, after adjustments for potential confounders. When soya product intake was calculated as soya protein and isoflavone, the odds ratios of insulin resistance decreased significantly as the estimated intake of soya protein increased. Furthermore, significant inverse dose–response relationships were observed for total non-fried soya products and total soya products, after adjustment for total vegetable or total fibre consumption.ConclusionsThe present results indicate that the intake of soya products and non-fried soya products is associated with reduced insulin resistance in the Japanese population.

scholarly journals A dose-response evaluation of rumen-protected niacin in thermoneutral or heat-stressed lactating Holstein cows

2014 ◽  
Vol 97 (8) ◽  
pp. 5023-5034 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rungruang ◽  
J.L. Collier ◽  
R.P. Rhoads ◽  
L.H. Baumgard ◽  
M.J. de Veth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Response Evaluation

scholarly journals A Randomised Crossover Trial: Exploring the Dose-Response effect Of Carbohydrate restriction on glycaemia in people with type 2 diabetes (D-ROC2)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebaa Al ozairi ◽  
Muhammad Abdul Ghani ◽  
Nick Oliver ◽  
Brandon Whitcher ◽  
Reem Al Awadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Crossover Trial ◽  
Carbohydrate Restriction ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Dietary Treatments

The role of carbohydrate restriction in the management of glycemia in type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been a subject of immense debate and controversy partly due to low-carbohydrate trials being confounded by multiple factors including degree of calorie restriction, dietary protein content, and by no clear definition of a low-carbohydrate diet. The current study sought to provide insight into the relationship between carbohydrate restriction and glycemia by testing the effect of varying doses of carbohydrate on continuous glucose concentrations within a range of intakes defined as low-carbohydrate while controlling for confounding factors. This was a randomised crossover trial in participants with T2D testing 5 different 6-day eucaloric, isocaloric dietary treatments with varying carbohydrate contents (10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% kcal). Diets were kept isocaloric by exchanging %kcal from carbohydrate with predominantly unsaturated fat, keeping protein constant at 15% kcal. Daily self-weighing was employed to ensure participants maintained their weight throughout each treatment arm. Between dietary treatments, participants underwent a washout period of at least 7 days and were advised to maintain their habitual diet. Glycemic control was assessed using a continuous glucose monitoring device that was placed while the participant was on their normal diet, and was worn for the 6 days of each treatment. 12 participants completed the study. There were no differences in 24-hour and postprandial sensor glucose concentrations between the 30%kcal and 10%kcal doses (7.4 +/- 1.1mmol/L vs 7.6 +/- 1.4mmol/L (P=0.28) and 8.0 +/- 1.4mmol/L vs 8.3 +/- 1.3mmol/L (P=0.28) respectively). In our exploratory analyses we did not find any dose-response relationship between carbohydrate intake and glyaemia. A small amount of weight loss occurred in each treatment arm (range: 0.4 to 1.1kg over the 6 days) but adjusting for these differences did not influence the primary or secondary outcomes. Modest changes in dietary carbohydrate content in the absence of weight loss while keeping dietary protein intake constant do not appear to influence glucose concentrations in people with T2D.

Dose-response evaluation of Veratrum californicum in sheep.

2011 ◽  
pp. 243-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. D. Welch ◽  
S. T. Lee ◽  
D. R. Gardner ◽  
K. E. Panter ◽  
B. L. Stegelmeier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Response Evaluation

Insulin resistance in adipocytes after downregulation of Gi subtypes

1997 ◽  
Vol 273 (2) ◽  
pp. E254-E261 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Green ◽  
D. J. Walters ◽  
S. E. Belt
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Nicotinic Acid ◽  
Glucose Transport ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Response Curve ◽  
Dose Response Curve ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Adenosine Receptor Agonist ◽  
Gi Proteins

To determine whether downregulation of Gi proteins is associated with insulin resistance, we incubated isolated adipocytes with N6-(2-phenylisopropyl)adenosine (PIA; an A1-adenosine receptor agonist; 300 nM), prostaglandin E1 (PGE1; 3 microM), or nicotinic acid (1 mM) for 4 days in primary culture. The cells were washed, and the rate of glucose transport (2-deoxy-[3H]glucose uptake) was measured after incubation with various concentrations of insulin for 45 min. Both PIA and PGE1 (which downregulate Gi) decreased the maximal responsiveness of the cells to insulin by approximately 30% and caused a rightward shift in the dose-response curve. By contrast, nicotinic acid (which does not downregulate Gi) did not alter the insulin sensitivity of the cells. Prolonged treatment of adipocytes with either PIA or PGE1 (but not nicotinic acid) rendered the cells completely resistant to the antilipolytic effect of insulin. The ability of insulin to stimulate autophosphorylation of the beta-subunit of the insulin receptor was decreased by approximately 30% in PIA-treated cells, and the dose-response curve was shifted to the right. Similarly, the ability of the receptor to phosphorylate poly(Glu4-Tyr1) was decreased by approximately 35%. This decrease in tyrosine kinase activity of the receptor may account for the decrease in insulin sensitivity of glucose transport but cannot account for the complete loss of antilipolysis. The findings suggest both a direct and indirect involvement of Gi proteins in insulin action.

scholarly journals Freeze-dried jaboticaba peel powder improves insulin sensitivity in high-fat-fed mice

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalia R. V. Dragano ◽  
Anne y Castro Marques ◽  
Dennys E. C. Cintra ◽  
Carina Solon ◽  
Joseane Morari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Receptor ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Forkhead Box ◽  
Insulin Tolerance ◽  
Freeze Dried

The peel of the native Brazilian fruit jaboticaba is rich in anthocyanins, which are known for their anti-obesity effects in animal models. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of freeze-dried jaboticaba peel powder (FDJPP) on a number of metabolic parameters in a model of diet-induced obesity. Mice (n 8 per group) were initially fed on a high-fat diet (HFD, 35 % w/w) for 4 weeks and then switched to a HFD supplemented with FDJPP (1, 2 or 4 % w/w) for an additional 6 weeks. Energy intake, weight loss, glucose tolerance, insulin resistance and lipid profile were determined, and the results were evaluated using ANOVA and Tukey's tests. The FDJPP exerted no protective effect on HFD-induced weight gain, hyperleptinaemia and glucose intolerance. However, the supplementation was effective to reduce insulin resistance, as evidenced in the insulin tolerance test, and subsequently confirmed by improved signal transduction through the insulin receptor/insulin receptor substrate-1/Akt/forkhead box protein pathway and by the attenuation of HFD-induced inflammation in the liver, verified by lower expressions of IL-1β and IL-6 and decreased phosphorylated IκB-α protein levels in all jaboticaba-treated mice. These results suggest that FDJPP may exert a protective role against obesity-associated insulin resistance.

scholarly journals Dose–response evaluation of the standardized ileal digestible tryptophan : lysine ratio to maximize growth performance of growing-finishing gilts under commercial conditions

animal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1380-1387
Author(s):  
M.A.D. Gonçalves ◽  
M.D. Tokach ◽  
N.M. Bello ◽  
K.J. Touchette ◽  
R.D. Goodband ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Response Evaluation
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