Long-term curcumin administration protects against atherosclerosis via hepatic regulation of lipoprotein cholesterol metabolism

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 1829-1840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su-Kyung Shin ◽  
Tae-Youl Ha ◽  
Robin A. McGregor ◽  
Myung-Sook Choi
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Hepatic Regulation

scholarly journals Short- and long-term effects of biliary drainage on hepatic cholesterol metabolism in the rat

1990 ◽  
Vol 269 (3) ◽  
pp. 781-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
M J Smit ◽  
A M Temmerman ◽  
R Havinga ◽  
F Kuipers ◽  
R J Vonk
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Bile Flow ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Acid Output ◽  
Biliary Secretion ◽  
Surgical Trauma ◽  
Hepatic Cholesterol ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short And Long Term

The present study concerns short- and long-term effects of interruption of the enterohepatic circulation (EHC) on hepatic cholesterol metabolism and biliary secretion in rats. For this purpose, we employed a technique that allows reversible interruption of the EHC, during normal feeding conditions, and excludes effects of anaesthesia and surgical trauma. [3H]Cholesteryl oleate-labelled human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was injected intravenously in rats with (1) chronically (8 days) interrupted EHC, (2) interrupted EHC at the time of LDL injection and (3) intact EHC. During the first 3 h after interruption of the EHC, bile flow decreased to 50% and biliary bile acid, phospholipid and cholesterol secretion to 5%, 11% and 19% of their initial values respectively. After 8 days of bile diversion, biliary cholesterol output and bile flow were at that same level, but bile acid output was increased 2-3-fold and phospholipid output was about 2 times lower. The total amount of cholesterol in the liver decreased after interruption of the EHC, which was mainly due to a decrease in the amount of cholesteryl ester. Plasma disappearance of LDL was not affected by interruption of the EHC. Biliary secretion of LDL-derived radioactivity occurred 2-4 times faster in chronically interrupted rats as compared with the excretion immediately after interruption of the EHC. Radioactivity was mainly in the form of bile acids under both conditions. This study demonstrates the very rapid changes that occur in cholesterol metabolism and biliary lipid composition after interruption of the EHC. These changes must be taken into account in studies concerning hepatic metabolism of lipoprotein cholesterol and subsequent secretion into bile.

Treatment of familial hypercholesterolaemia in children and adolescents in the last three decades

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avishay Elis ◽  
Rong Zhou ◽  
Evan A. Stein
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Familial Hypercholesterolaemia ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolaemia

AbstractBackground:This study evaluated the effectiveness of long-term intensive lipid-lowering therapy in children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia.Methods:The charts of 89 children and adolescents with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia among ∼1000 patients treated from 1974 to 2008 were reviewed. Familial hypercholesterolaemia was defined as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level >90th percentile in individuals with a history of familial hypercholesterolaemia.Results:Of the 89 patients, 51% were male; the mean age at diagnosis was 8 ± 4 years, and the mean follow-up was 13 ± 8 years. Baseline and most recent low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (mg/dl) under treatment were 250 ± 50 and 142 ± 49, respectively, reduced 43% from baseline (p < 0.0001). At the most recent visit, 39 patients received statin monotherapy, mainly atorvastatin or rosuvastatin, and 50 (56%) patients received combination therapy, mainly vytorin or rosuvastain/ezetimibe, 15 patients were >30 years of age, and none developed symptomatic cardiovascular disease or needed revascularisation.Conclusions:Long-term statin-based therapy can reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in most children and adolescents with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia and decrease cardiovascular risk significantly.

Karate Training Improves Metabolic Health in Overweight and Obese Adolescents: A Randomized Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Fabricio de Souza ◽  
Luciano Acordi da Silva ◽  
Gisele Santinoni Ferreira ◽  
Márcia Mendonça Marcos de Souza ◽  
Franciane Bobinski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Psychological Interventions ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Stress Markers

Purpose: This study evaluated the effects of 12 weeks of karate training on cardiometabolic parameters, oxidative stress, and inflammation in adolescents with overweight and obesity. Method: Seventy adolescents were randomized into 2 groups: control received nutritional and psychological interventions once a week for 12 weeks, and treatment received nutritional and psychological interventions once a week, plus 3 karate sessions per week, for 12 weeks. The main outcome measure was improvement in cardiometabolic parameters, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Results: After the intervention period, the treatment group showed a reduction in resting heart rate (77.86 [10.89]), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (40.86 [8.31]), and triglycerides (75.18 [32.29]) and an increase in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (95.64 [42.53]) in relation to pretraining. Regarding oxidative stress markers, there was a reduction in protein carbonylation (0.07 [0.06]) and nitric oxide (1.39 [1.11]) and an increase in superoxide dismutase (0.68 [0.31]) and glutathione (0.11 [0.08]) compared with pretraining. With respect to inflammation, adiponectin increased (14.54 [5.36]) after the intervention when compared with preintervention. Conclusion: The study concluded that the intervention may improve cardiometabolic parameters, oxidative stress, and inflammation in adolescents with overweight and obesity. Long-term effects need to be evaluated.

scholarly journals An Immunomodulatory Transcriptional Signature Associated With Persistent Listeria Infection in Hepatocytes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Descoeudres ◽  
Luc Jouneau ◽  
Céline Henry ◽  
Kevin Gorrichon ◽  
Aurélie Derré-Bobillot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Persistent Infection ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Interferon Response ◽  
Type I ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Transcriptional Signature ◽  
Huh7 Cells ◽  
Primary Mouse

Listeria monocytogenes causes severe foodborne illness in pregnant women and immunocompromised individuals. After the intestinal phase of infection, the liver plays a central role in the clearance of this pathogen through its important functions in immunity. However, recent evidence suggests that during long-term infection of hepatocytes, a subpopulation of Listeria may escape eradication by entering a persistence phase in intracellular vacuoles. Here, we examine whether this long-term infection alters hepatocyte defense pathways, which may be instrumental for bacterial persistence. We first optimized cell models of persistent infection in human hepatocyte cell lines HepG2 and Huh7 and primary mouse hepatocytes (PMH). In these cells, Listeria efficiently entered the persistence phase after three days of infection, while inducing a potent interferon response, of type I in PMH and type III in HepG2, while Huh7 remained unresponsive. RNA-sequencing analysis identified a common signature of long-term Listeria infection characterized by the overexpression of a set of genes involved in antiviral immunity and the under-expression of many acute phase protein (APP) genes, particularly involved in the complement and coagulation systems. Infection also altered the expression of cholesterol metabolism-associated genes in HepG2 and Huh7 cells. The decrease in APP transcripts was correlated with lower protein abundance in the secretome of infected cells, as shown by proteomics, and also occurred in the presence of APP inducers (IL-6 or IL-1β). Collectively, these results reveal that long-term infection with Listeria profoundly deregulates the innate immune functions of hepatocytes, which could generate an environment favorable to the establishment of persistent infection.

scholarly journals Cholesterol Metabolism Is Enhanced in the Liver and Brain of Children With Citrin Deficiency

2018 ◽  
Vol 103 (7) ◽  
pp. 2488-2497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Hirayama ◽  
Hironori Nagasaka ◽  
Akira Honda ◽  
Haruki Komatsu ◽  
Takahiro Kodama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Synthesis ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Normal Liver ◽  
Serum Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Citrin Deficiency ◽  
Deficient Group

Abstract Context Citrin-deficient infants present neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by citrin deficiency (NICCD), which resolves at 12 months. Thereafter, they have normal liver function associated with hypercholesterolemia, and a preference for lipid-rich carbohydrate-restricted diets. However, some develop adult-onset type II citrullinemia, which is associated with metabolic abnormalities. Objectives To identify the causes of hypercholesterolemia in citrin-deficient children post-NICCD. Design and Setting We determined the concentrations of sterol markers of cholesterol synthesis, absorption, and catabolism by liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry and evaluated serum lipoprotein profiles. Subjects Twenty citrin-deficient children aged 5 to 13 years and 37 age-matched healthy children. Intervention None. Main Outcome Measures Relationship between serum lipoproteins and sterol markers of cholesterol metabolism. Results The citrin-deficient group had a significantly higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration than did the control group (78 ± 11 mg/dL vs 62 ± 14 mg/dL, P &lt; 0.001), whereas the two groups had similar low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. The concentrations of markers of cholesterol synthesis (lathosterol and 7-dehydrocholesterol) and bile acids synthesis (7α-hydroxycholesterol and 27-hydroxycholesterol) were 1.5- to 2.8-fold and 1.5- to 3.9-fold, respectively, higher in the citrin-deficient group than in the control group. The concentration of 24S-hydroxycholesterol, a marker of cholesterol catabolism in the brain, was 2.5-fold higher in the citrin-deficient group. In both groups, the HDL-C concentration was significantly positively correlated with that of 27-hydroxycholesterol, the first product of the alternative bile acid synthesis pathway. Conclusions HDL-C and sterol marker concentrations are elevated in citrin-deficient children post-NICCD. Moreover, cholesterol synthesis and elimination are markedly enhanced in the liver and brain of citrin-deficient children.

scholarly journals Long-term effects of maternal resveratrol intake during lactation on cholesterol metabolism in male rat offspring

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shojiro Yamasaki ◽  
Tomomi Tomihara ◽  
Goh Kimura ◽  
Yukako Ueno ◽  
Rahel Mesfin Ketema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Rat Offspring
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